Balanced Composition Research Articles

Production of chocolate paste with malt filler

The work shows the expediency of using pumpkin malt in the production of chocolate paste. The novelty consists in the creation of an innovative product with a balanced composition and an ideal ratio of filler (pumpkin malt) to chocolate mass. The developed recipe has increased nutritional value and high quality, confirmed by organoleptic indicators. Due to the addition of pumpkin malt, the content of protein, fiber and essential substances in the chocolate paste increases. In the course of experimental research, the quantitative presence of macro- and micro-elements, proteins was determined, and the composition of the amino acid crust of pumpkin malt was analyzed. The developed product is recommended for consumption by people who take care of their health, people with diabetes, athletes, children and generally all segments of the population.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ ПЛАВЛЕНЫХ СЫРОВ ДИКОРАСТУЩИМ СЫРЬЕМ

The paper is devoted to the wild-growing plant raw materials used to increase the biological value of processed cheeses. Wild plants of Yakutia are a valuable source of food products. Adding food plants to dairy products enriches them with vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and improves their taste qualities. The most commonly used plant is wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris). Wormwood is harvested before flowering in June. Another plant is flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus), which is often called “Yakut bread” by Yakuts. Studies have shown that introduction of flowering rush into food has a positive effect on human health. Particularly, it is effective for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Rose hips have a hematopoietic effect; they improve the body’s resistance to harmful environmental impacts, accelerate healing of wounds and bones, regulate the gallbladder and liver, perfectly fight spring vitamin deficiency and exhaustion. The described plants and rose hips are of great interest as an additional source when creating compound products with balanced protein. They are good for improving the organoleptic characteristics of processed cheeses. The study examined wild-growing plants that were added to the recipe of the processed cheese: Dutch cheese, milk powder, wild-growing plant raw materials (wormwood leaves, flowering rush, rose hips). The study established the balanced amino acid composition and examined the quality of dairy raw materials (Dutch cheese, milk powder) and wild-growing plants. The digestibility of the product was 96–98 %. The use of wild-growing plant raw materials for processed cheese production balanced the amino acid composition, increased the product value, enriched the product with minerals, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, and diversified the product range.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ОТРИМАННЯ ОЛІЄ-ПРЯНИХ СУМІШЕЙ

One of the key areas of work is the creation of a product with a balanced fatty acid composition and enriched with biologically active substances that exhibit antioxidant and antibiotic properties at the same time, with a pleasant taste andaromatic properties and with an extended shelf life.The quality indicators of experimental oil samples were experimentally confirmed, and their fatty acid composition was investigated by the chromatographic method.A blend of oils was developed according to the ratio of PUFA and MUFA: first cold-pressed high-oleic sunflower oil 25%, first cold-pressed rye oil 50%, refined sesame oil 25%. It was established that the mixture of oils contains fatty acids, in particular oleic - 43.9%; linoleic – 22.3%; linolenic - 10.5%. The totalcontent of unsaturated fatty acids is 76.7%, of which 32.8% are polyunsaturated, which made it possible to bring the fatty acid composition of the blend as close as possible to the ideal fat formula and achieve the ratio ω-6:ω-3 = 2:1.The chemical composition of spices was studied, namely the content of carotenoids, essential oils and polyphenolic com-pounds. It was found that among the samples of the selected spices, the largest amount of essential oil is contained in cloveseeds, which is 18.1%, the content of carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds is the highest in dill inflorescences, which is 12% and 18%, respectively.A composition of spices was chosen, which includes clove seeds 33%, clary sage 33%, coriander seeds 17% and dill inflorescences 17%. A method of obtaining an oil-spice mixture by the method of vacuum extraction has been developed. It was established that the oil-spice mixture was obtained by vacuum extraction has a long shelf life, as it does not come into contact with air oxygen.The consumption of the developed oil-spice mixture is recommended to be used for various segments of the population for preventive purposes.

Functional food ingredient - chromium complex with protein fermentolysate of bivalve Mactra chinensis for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity

The creation of specialized food systems capable of correcting body weight and influencing lipid metabolism is an urgent task at the present stage. The main way to create such food systems is to modify product profiles (lipid, protein, carbohydrate, mineral, vitamin, etc.). The aim of the study was to obtain and characterize a new food source of an organic form of chromium for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity in the form of a complex with peptide fractions of fermentolysate proteins of the Mactra chinensis bivalve mollusk from the Far Eastern region. Material and methods. Soft food parts of the Mactra chinensis bivalve mollusk from the Far Eastern region (the motor muscle and mantle) were used as objects of research. Mollusk specimens were collected in the Amur Bay in June - September 2022. Biotechnological modification of soft tissue proteins was carried out using alkaline protease protozyme B with the following parameters: the duration of the process - 12 and 24 hours, pH - 7.0-7.2, temperature 55 °C. The fractional composition of proteins and peptides was determined by medium pressure gel permeation chromatography, the molecular weight (MW) of proteins and peptides was calculated using MW markers by comparing retention volumes. Extraction of free amino acids was carried out with 70% ethanol for 24 hours at a temperature of 20 °C, the composition and quantitative content of amino acids were determined by HPLC. The complexation reaction was carried out by adding to the fermentolysate with stirring a 10% aqueous solution of CrCl3×6H2O in a mass ratio of 6.25 × nitrogen in the liquid fraction : chromium (III) chloride = 20:1. Process conditions: temperature 20-25 °C, time 60 min, pH 7.0-7.1. The chromium content was determined by the atomic absorption method using spectrophotometer. Results. The content of low-molecular fractions increased more significantly over time in the mantle fermentolysate. The content of the high-molecular fraction of peptides weighing more than 160 kDa was minimal for both the muscle and the mantle and didn't exceed 1.1%. Low-molecular fractions weighing no more than 18 kDa in the 24-hour fermentolysate accounted for 79.6% for the muscle and 86.9% for the mantle. The obtained fermentolysates were characterized by a high content of the biologically active amino acid taurine - 25.9% (muscle) and 30.05% (mantle) of the total amino acid content. The high content of such essential amino acids as glycine, alanine, leucine, lysine, and the conditionally essential amino acid arginine was also determined. The obtained fermentolysates of soft tissue proteins of the Mactra chinensis were characterized by a fairly balanced amino acid composition. It has been experimentally established that more than 84% of the total chromium content in muscle fermentolysate and 80.9% in mantle fermentolysate was associated with peptide fractions with molecular weights from 24 to 1.4 kDa, and the highest specific chromium content - 1.67 mg/g protein (muscle) and 1.58 mg/g protein (mantle) was determined in the interval fractions with molecular weights of 18.0-12.5 kDa. The minimum specific content of the trace element was established for high-molecular fractions of 160-67 kDa and low-molecular fraction weighing less than 1.4 kDa. Conclusion. Biotechnological modification of soft tissue proteins of the Mactra chinensis bivalve mollusk from the Far Eastern region made it possible to obtain a balanced amino acid composition fermentolysate with a high content of the free biologically active amino acid taurine. Fortification of the obtained fermentolysate with chromium demonstrated high efficiency of its binding to the amino acid and peptide matrices of the protein hydrolysate. The chromium complex with fermentolysate of proteins of the Mactra chinensis bivalve mollusk can be used as a food source of chromium and taurine, including as a functional ingredient in special food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity.

Lifestyle Intervention Improves Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Abstract Background: Exercise capacity in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is lower compared to healthy peers. We aimed to improve maximal exercise capacity using a combined lifestyle intervention in children with BPD. Methods: This semi-cross-over randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a combined intervention of high-intensity interval training, healthy diet recommendations, and psychological support in children with BPD. Effects were measured on (sub) maximal exercise capacity, lung function, muscle strength, core stability, physical activity levels, quality of life, fatigue, fear of exercise, caloric intake, energy balance, and body composition using a generalized estimation approach. Results: Fourteen children with BPD, median age 8.0 years (interquartile range: 7.7–8.9), 8 males, participated. At baseline, all patients had peak oxygen (VO2)/kg, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) within normal limits. These parameters did not increase significantly after the intervention compared to the control period (effect size peak VO2/Kg + 3.1 ml/kg/min [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.4–6.7], P = 0.076, FVC z-score + 0.67 [95% CI − 0.1–1.4] P = 0.082, and FEV1 z-score + 0.53 [95% CI − 0.13–1.19] P = 0.117). Peak load and peak ventilation on the maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test and walked distance on the 6-min walking test increased significantly compared to the control period (respectively, +14 watt [95% CI 10–18], P < 0.001, +7 L/min [95% CI 2–12], P = 0.009 and + 45 m [95% CI 1–90], P = 0.046). Both self-reported and parent-reported quality of life improved significantly in five domains (including the physical functioning domain). Conclusion: A 12-week combined lifestyle intervention improved peak load and peak ventilation, walk distance, and quality of life in children with BPD.

Oxidation engineering triggered peroxidase-like activity of VOxC for detection of dopamine and glutathione.

MXenes, two-dimensional nanomaterials, are gaining traction in catalysis and biomedicine. Yet, their oxidation instability poses significant functional constraints. Gaining insight into this oxidation dynamic is pivotal for designing MXenes with tailored functionalities. Herein, we crafted VOxC nanosheets by oxidatively engineering V4C3 MXene. Interestingly, while pristine V4C3 displays pronounced antioxidant behavior, its derived VOxC showcases enhanced peroxidase-like activity, suggesting the crossover between antioxidant and pro-oxidant capability. The mixed valence states and balanced composition of V in VOxC drive the Fenton reaction through multiple pathways to continually generate hydroxyl radicals, which was proposed as the mechanism underlying the peroxidase-like activity. Furthermore, this unique activity rendered VOxC effective in dopamine and glutathione detection. These findings underscore the potential of modulating MXenes' oxidation state to elicit varied catalytic attributes, providing an avenue for the judicious design of MXenes and derivatives for bespoke applications.

Sleep deprivation enhances amyloid beta peptide, p-tau and serotonin in the brain: Neuroprotective effects of nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin with monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide, p-tau and serotonin.

Sleep deprivation is quite frequent in military during combat, intelligence gathering or peacekeeping operations. Even one night of sleep deprivation leads to accumulation of amyloid beta peptide burden that would lead to precipitation of Alzheimer's disease over the years. Thus, efforts are needed to slow down or neutralize accumulation of amyloid beta peptide (AβP) and associated Alzheimer's disease brain pathology including phosphorylated tau (p-tau) within the brain fluid environment. Sleep deprivation also alters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) metabolism in the brain microenvironment and impair upregulation of several neurotrophic factors. Thus, blockade or neutralization of AβP, p-tau and serotonin in sleep deprivation may attenuate brain pathology. In this investigation this hypothesis is examined using nanodelivery of cerebrolysin- a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments together with monoclonal antibodies against AβP, p-tau and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Our observations suggest that sleep deprivation induced pathophysiology is significantly reduced following nanodelivery of cerebrolysin together with monoclonal antibodies to AβP, p-tau and 5-HT, not reported earlier.

Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Heat Stress-Induced Exacerbation of Neuropathology Following Brain Blast Injury.

Blast brain injury (bBI) following explosive detonations in warfare is one of the prominent causes of multidimensional insults to the central nervous and other vital organs injury. Several military personnel suffered from bBI during the Middle East conflict at hot environment. The bBI largely occurs due to pressure waves, generation of heat together with release of shrapnel and gun powders explosion with penetrating and/or impact head trauma causing multiple brain damage. As a result, bBI-induced secondary injury causes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and edema formation that further results in neuronal, glial and axonal injuries. Previously, we reported endocrine imbalance and influence of diabetes on bBI-induced brain pathology that was significantly attenuated by nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin in model experiments. Cerebrolysin is a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors, and active peptide fragment is capable of neuroprotection in several neurological insults. Exposure to heat stress alone causes BBB damage, edema formation and brain pathology. Thus, it is quite likely that hot environment further exacerbates the consequences of bBI. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies using nanodelivery of stem cell and cerebrolysin may further enhance superior neuroprotection in bBI at hot environment. Our observations are the first to show that combined nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cerebrolysin significantly attenuated exacerbation of bBI in hot environment and induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier. The possible mechanisms of neuroprotection with MSCs and cerebrolysin in bBI are discussed in the light of current literature.

Nanowired delivery of antibodies to tau and neuronal nitric oxide synthase together with cerebrolysin attenuates traumatic brain injury induced exacerbation of brain pathology in Parkinson's disease.

Concussive head injury (CHI) is one of the major risk factors for developing Parkinson's disease in later life of military personnel affecting lifetime functional and cognitive disturbances. Till date no suitable therapies are available to attenuate CHI or PD induced brain pathology. Thus, further exploration of novel therapeutic agents are highly warranted using nanomedicine in enhancing the quality of life of veterans or service members of US military. Since PD or CHI induces oxidative stress and perturbs neurotrophic factors regulation associated with phosphorylated tau (p-tau) deposition, a possibility exists that nanodelivery of agents that could enhance neurotrophic factors balance and attenuate oxidative stress could be neuroprotective in nature. In this review, nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin-a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments together with monoclonal antibodies to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with p-tau antibodies was examined in PD following CHI in model experiments. Our results suggest that combined administration of nanowired antibodies to nNOS and p-tau together with cerebrolysin significantly attenuated CHI induced exacerbation of PD brain pathology. This combined treatment also has beneficial effects in CHI or PD alone, not reported earlier.

PROMOSI KESEHATAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KETRAMPILAN IBU MENYUSUI

Background : Mother's Milk (ASI) is the most beautiful gift from the mother to those secreted by both breast glands in the form of natural food or the best nutritious and high-energy milk which is easily digested and contains a balanced and perfect nutritional composition for the growth and development of the baby which is available at any time. The causes of failure of exclusive breastfeeding are the lack of knowledge of mothers about breastfeeding and breastfeeding, working mothers, no support from the family, improper breastfeeding techniques and the myth that diluted milk is not good for babies.
 Method : This activity was attended by cadres and mothers who had babies and toddlers as many as 32 people in the Working Area of ​​the Galang Health Center, Galang District. This activity was carried out using health promotion methods with counseling and practicing how to breastfeed properly.
 
 Result: The result that can be taken from this activity is to improve the quality of life of the baby when the knowledge of the mother regarding the correct way of breastfeeding can reduce infant morbidity and mortality. Breast milk can guarantee good nutritional status so that it can protect infants and children from infectious diseases such as diarrhea, otitis media and acute lower respiratory tract infections.

Synthesis of H2-enriched syngas using waste pterospermum acerifolium fruits: Comparative analysis of oxidizing agents and their concentration

In this manuscript experimental investigation is presented in regards to the gasification of waste Pterospermum Acerifolium fruits (PAF) in downdraft configuration. The mass balance and gas composition results indicated that the gasifier can successfully gasify the PAF at an equivalence ratio of 0.27 to generate a gas of lower heating value of 5.37 MJ Nm−3. An equilibrium model of the gasifier is also developed using the software Aspen Plus®. In air gasification, H2 and CO accounted for just 35% of the total volume fraction, which rises to 83% when O2 is used as the gasifying agent. The oxy-gasification of biomass at an equivalence ratio of 0.18 is found to generate gas at the highest lower heating value of 10.71 MJ Nm−3, hence the optimum for heat/power applications. For Fischer-Tropsch and methanol synthesis, the optimum equivalence and steam-to-biomass ratios are found to be 0.18 and 0.641–0.668, respectively. This study presents a solution to manage forestry waste.

Study of Quality Indicators of Oil and Fat Products Made From a Mixture of Vegetable Oils

This article is devoted to the development of mayonnaise with a balanced composition . It occupies 3.3 % of the human diet on the daily market . Despite the growth of the range of mayonnaise over the past year , the problem of manufacturing domestic mayonnaise of a balanced composition that meets all the requirements for this type of product remains relevant . A comprehensive multi-level approach to assessing the nutrition of the Kazakh people revealed a wide range of nutritional status disorders . In particular , these include the consumption of animal fats and a deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids . Polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential nutrition factors and their composition should correspond to 3-4 % of the energy value of the diet . A new functional mayonnaise product with a balanced composition of ɷ-3 and ɷ-6 fatty acids based on a mixture of vegetable oils ( sunflower , linseed , and safflower ) with a balanced composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids has been developed . The main physical and chemical characteristics of a sample of a mixture of vegetable oils have been determined . In laboratory conditions , NPJSC " KazNARU " produced a prototype of mayonnaise based on a mixture of vegetable oils and determined their physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics . It was found that in terms of physical , chemical and organoleptic characteristics , the resulting mayonnaise product fully meets the requirements of regulatory documents .

Production and characterization of bio-oil from fluidized bed pyrolysis of olive stones, pinewood, and torrefied feedstock

Advancements in fluidized bed pyrolysis mechanisms and analytical methodologies are critical for progress in the biorefinery sector in general and the aviation fuel sector in particular. The statistical modelling of pyrolysis product yields and composition allowed us to observe advantages of operating temperature and feedstock selections over the torrefaction process and catalyst addition in a fluidized bed reactor. Results suggest that the chemical composition and physical properties of bio-oil from pyrolysis of olive stones at 600°C and pinewood pellets at 500°C are the most suitable for use as fuels. This work suggests that only combined use of selected gas chromatography mass spectroscopy, UV fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and rheology can provide comprehensive information on pyrolysis bio-oil composition. Importantly from a technological point of view, bio-oil was characterized i) by a viscosity similar to that of fossil-based oil; ii) by a low oxygen and water content; and iii) by a balanced composition of aliphatic and aromatic species. These factors indicate that bio-oil from fluidized bed pyrolysis of biomasses is a promising material for use in the aviation industry and energy production.

QUALITATIVE INDICATORS MAYONNESIS «DOMASHNII» FROM A MIXTURE OF VEGETABLE OILS

Polyunsaturated fatty acids account for 3.3% of the human diet in the daily market. Despite the growth in the range of mayonnaise over the past year, the problem of manufacturing domestic mayonnaise of a balanced composition that meets all the requirements for this type of product remains relevant. A comprehensive multi-level approach to assessing the nutrition of the Kazakh people revealed a wide range of nutritional status disorders. In particular, these include the consumption of animal fats and deficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are indispensable nutritional factors and their composition should correspond to 3-4% of the energy value of the diet. This article presents options for the development of mayonnaise with a balanced composition. A new functional mayonnaise product with a balanced composition of ɷ-3 and ɷ-6 fatty acids has been developed based on a mixture of vegetable oils (sunflower, linseed, and safflower) with a balanced composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The main physico-chemical parameters and fatty acids of a sample of a mixture of vegetable oils were determined. Humidity was determined by drying to constant weight, the mass fraction of oil according to Soxhlet, pH indicators - by the potentiometric method according to GOST 31762-2012. Based on the results of studies, taking into account the physicochemical parameters and biological properties of vegetable oil, it was found that when a new type of mayonnaise with high nutritional and biological value is obtained, human nutrition is not disturbed during use. The use of vegetable raw materials in the production of new mayonnaise with high nutritional and biological value expands the range of this type of product, increases its biological value and extends its shelf life.

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEIN ISOLATES AND HY-DROLYSATES FROM PLANT RAW MATERIALS

Animal protein plays a key role in the human diet as the most balanced amino acid composition; however, its consumption often causes allergic reactions. Plant protein serves as a substitute for animal protein. The most promising sources of plant protein are the seeds of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and cereals. Research aim: selection of conditions for obtaining protein isolates and enzymatic hydrolysates having the desired functional properties from different types of vegetable raw materials.Pea, corn and oat flour LLC "FavoritT"; linseed flour LLC NGO "Compass Health". Enzyme preparations: chymotrypsin LLC "Samson-Med"; Protex 40E Genencor; protosubtilin G3x produced by PO "Sibbiofarm" LLC; pancreatin PJSC "Biosintez"; trypsin LLC "Diaem"; beef pepsin OJSC "MHSF". Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method, protein substances - by modified Lowry method. Fat-holding, water-holding, emulsifying and foaming capacities, as well as allergenicity of protein isolates and hydrolysates were determined. Conditions for protein substances extraction from flax, corn, oat and pea flour with the yield of high-molecular protein fraction not less than 70 % of raw protein content were selected. The conditions of protein isolates precipitation to produce preparations containing not less than 85% of protein have been selected. The type of enzyme preparation for hydrolysis - pancreatin - was selected. It was found that in order to increase water- and fat-holding capacity of pea isolate, hydrolysis is possible with duration not exceeding 15 min, for all other isolates hydrolysis is undesirable. The best emulsifying and foam-forming capacities are possessed by linseed hydrolysates after 60 and 90 min of hydrolysis, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis was shown to reduce the allergenicity of plant proteins. The obtained hydrolysates of vegetable proteins can be used as ingredients for functional products, as well as for obtaining products with reduced allergenicity.

Early warning of Diaporthe infection in kiwifruit soft rot by plasmonic dimer-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Diaporthe genus is the dominant pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot with long incubation period and rapid onset and very hard to detect in advance. It is of great significance to develop point-of-care tests for disease prevention and field management. Here we screen a pair of genus-level primers for constructing plasmonic dimer Rayleigh/Raman spectroscopy, which enables rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of Diaporthe genus in real kiwifruits. Dark-filed Rayleigh scattering clearly visualizes the target-induced dimer assembly of nanoprobes. Plasmonic dimer-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has high specificity for 12 common isolates of Diaporthe genus in one batch samples with highly accurate results and much higher sensitivity than polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It realizes the recognition of Diaporthe infection at an early stage of 24h when the kiwifruits do not have any noticeable symptoms. It demonstrates a bright prospect of point-of-care tests for early warning of kiwifruit soft rot infection and quality control.

Post-Spring Frost Canopy Recovery, Vine Balance, and Fruit Composition in cv. Barbera Grapevines

Background and Aims. In viticulture, one of the effects of warming trends is the advance of budburst date and the consequent increased risk of spring frost-related damage. In 2021, severe frost events affected a large fraction of European viticulture. In a cv. Barbera vineyard, located in NW Italy, primary bud shoots (PBS), secondary bud shoots (SBS), and suckers (SK) were tagged after the occurrence of freezing temperatures in spring. The goal of the study was to clarify if SBS could partially restore yield loss and analyze their contribution to fruit composition. Methods and Results. The number of developing SBS and SK correlated with the number of killed PBS. While PBS bore 1.44 inflorescences per shoot, SBS had much lower fertility (0.4), with SK at intermediate levels (0.85). The vine yield was 40% of the previous season, with SBS bunches contributing just 17% of the total. SBS produced smaller and looser bunches, as compared with PBS (−28% mass and −27% compactness). At harvest, no difference was found in grape total soluble solids (TSS) among different shoot types. However, the TSS average was notably higher than that observed in the previous season (27.8°Brix vs. 23.3°Brix in 2020). Interestingly, while in PBS and SK, a direct correlation (linear and quadratic, respectively) existed between the leaf area to yield ratio (LA/Y) and grape TSS or total anthocyanins, this did not occur for SBS. Conclusions. In the case of spring frost damage, the number of PBS avoiding fatal injuries will drive agronomic results at harvest since SBS contribution to total yield is modest due to low shoot fruitfulness. The frost-induced increase in vine LA/Y leads to a dramatic rise in grape TSS and phenolics. Significance of the Study. When spring frosts kill a significant number of primary shoots, an altered grape composition at harvest should be expected due to changes in vine balance. Therefore, the vineyard management should be adjusted accordingly early in the season. Further studies are needed to test specific post-frost canopy management strategies ensuring yield, optimal fruit composition, and cane renewal.

Deleterious Effect of Air Pollution on Human Microbial Community and Bacterial Flora: A Short Review

A balanced microbiota composition is requisite for normal physiological functions of the human body. However, several environmental factors such as air pollutants may perturb the human microbiota composition. It is noticeable that currently around 99% of the world's population is breathing polluted air. Air pollution's debilitating health impacts have been studied scrupulously, including in the human gut microbiota. Nevertheless, air pollution's impact on other microbiotas of the human body is less understood so far. In the present review, the authors have summarized and discussed recent studies' outcomes related to air pollution-driven microbiotas' dysbiosis (including oral, nasal, respiratory, gut, skin, and thyroid microbiotas) and its potential multi-organ health risks.

Do macro-nutrient balanced compositions in a subspace of the ionome of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller maximize fruiting?

The current state of knowledge on Opuntia ficus-indica nutrient requirements has important limitations. Macro-nutrient mean concentrations proposed as standards do not consider balances between (or among) elements, and the available compositional nutrient diagnosis norms are not supported by orthogonal references easy to estimate. We hypothesize that O. ficus-indica plants pose macro-nutrient requirements in terms of balanced compositions for producing fruits. The isometric log-ratios allowed us to test that O. ficus-indica variety ‘Rojo Pelón’ plants maximize fruit yield under the basis of true-negative (T-N) or macro-nutrient-balanced compositions in their 1-year-old cladodes. These T-N compositions can be estimated in a straightforward manner using two optimal delimiters, that is, the Mahalanobis distance across the involved isometric log-ratios linked with the highest value of Class Sum of Squares, and a target yield previously defined. When used as a target, these balanced compositions allowed us to identify that true-positive compositions were characterized by P deficiencies and N luxurious consumptions. Novel techniques to perform suitable recommendations based on correct diagnosis interpretation should be developed to address objectively the needed change to enhance the nutrient status of true-positive imbalanced compositions.

A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, molecular pharmacology, clinical and translational outfit of Ocimum sanctum L.

Ocimum sanctum L. a benevolent herb has been integrated into the traditional medicine practice from ancient times. The phytochemical analysis signifies the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and essential elements (vitamins and minerals). Polyphenols and flavonoids are the major essential components present in the various form of tulsi extract and responsible for different pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, etc. These activities were mediated through altering the functionality associated with the nF-κβ, ERK, p38, and MPK pathways. Further, the antimicrobial activity is amplified by the presence of unsaturated fatty acids such as linolic acid and linoleic acid which manipulate the membrane integrity of microbial. The molecular mechanism for such activity is mediated through destabilization of the microbial membrane by interfering with the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation process. An extensive literature survey was carried out through various scientific search engine such as PubMed, Google scholar, science Direct, Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, and Indian medical databases. Diversified phenolic and flavonoid phytoconstituents of tulsi are responsible for anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antistress, antidiabetic, antiulcer, anticancer, anti-inflamatory, etc. Further, therapeutic potency of tulsi reflects in clinical trail reports provide satisfactory results with negligible adverse effects, which might be emerge as a green medicine to lessen the global burden of microbial, inflammation, metabolic associated disorders, etc. However, alteration in the composition and variation in the percentage yield of secondary metabolites due to phenotypic and genotypic disparity are the critical challenges that need to address in future. • From ancient times, Ocimum sanctum L . commonly known as holy basil or tulsi is considered one of the core pillars of the traditional practice of herbal medicine. • Presences of therapeutically active polyphenols and flavonoid enriched phytoconstituents are responsible for potent antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, etc. • Encouraging preclinical results brings 11 clinical trials on exploring the antimicrobial activity in the maintenance of oral hygiene, metabolic associated, inflammatory mediated disorders, neuroprotection, antistress activity, etc. • Translationally major portions of the osmium-based formulations are intended for the treatment of cold and cough (29.1%) and food supplement/functional food (14.5%) which remains the witness for its strong antimicrobial, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity and balance composition of macro and micronutrient.