Balance Training Exercises Research Articles

Effect of Physiotherapy Treatment with Immersive Virtual Reality in Subjects with Stroke: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Many stroke survivors suffer from sensorimotor deficits, especially balance impairments. The purpose of this trial is to investigate whether the designed Immersive Virtual Reality training program is better in the short term (15 sessions) and in the medium term (30 sessions) than physiotherapy training with Bayouk, Boucher and Leroux exercises, with respect to static balance in sitting and standing, dynamic balance and quality of life in patients with balance impairment in stroke survivors. This study is a randomized controlled trial with two treatment arms and evaluators blinded, and a functionality treatment group in combination with specific balance exercise training according to Bayouk, Boucher and Leroux (control group) or a balanced treatment using Immersive VR. The primary outcome will be static, Dynamic balance and gait measured by Bestest Assessment Score (BESTest), Berg Scale (BBS), Pass Scale (PASS) and Time Up and Go test (TUG). The secondary outcome will be the stroke-associated quality of life using the Stroke Quality of Life Scale (ECVI-38). The results of this study may add new insights into how to address balance using Immersive Virtual Reality after a stroke. If the new training approach proves effective, the results may provide insight into how to design more comprehensive protocols in the future for people with balance impairments after stroke.

Older People Trip, Some Fall—A Program to Decrease Seniors' Fall Risk

ABSTRACT Falls resulting from trips are a leading cause of injury and can sometimes result in death, especially in the older population. Numerous researchers have studied the biomechanical mechanisms that differentiate fallers from nonfallers and determined whether training can beneficially impact those outcomes. Exercise and task-specific interventions have demonstrated fewer falls after trips but can be costly and often require specialized equipment, making their applicability less practical. Qualified health and fitness practitioners can develop evidence-informed, exercise-based programs focusing on 3 components (balance training, task-specific training, and resistance exercise). Such programs may help to reduce fall risk in older adults based on previously documented studies identifying the biomechanical demands of a successful fall arrest after a trip perturbation. These multicomponent programs should include a safe task-specific training element that does not require specialized equipment.

Knee stability training exercise versus Biodex balance training on dynamic balance indices in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A Randomized clinical trial

Objective. To compare the impacts of Knee stability training exercise versus Biodex balance training on dynamic balance indices in individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis. Methods. This randomized, double-blind, pre-post measurement study included forty patients aged 45 to 65 with knee osteoarthritis. They were classified into 2 groups at random: group A (n = 20), which received knee stability training plus strengthening exercise, and group B (n = 20), which received Biodex balance training plus strengthening exercise. The Biodex Balance System and Visual Analog Scale were utilized to quantify dynamic balance indices as well as pain intensity at baseline and four weeks following therapy. Results. Statistically significant differences were reported in the overall stability index (OASI), anterior-posterior stability index (APSI), medial-lateral stability indices (MLSI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) values before and after treatment for group A (p < 0.05) as well as before and after treatment for group B (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were reported among the two groups (A & B) regarding the post-treatment values of the OASI, APSI, MLSI, and VAS (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Improvement in all dynamic balance indices and pain was reported after knee stability training exercises and after Biodex balance training, with greater improvement after Biodex balance training.

Effects of resistance and balance exercises for athletic ability and quality of life in people with osteoporotic vertebral fracture: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

This study aimed to use meta-analysis to determine the impact of resistance and balance training on athletic ability and quality of life for patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF). This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. The PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane, Embase, and CNKI databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to September 2022. The search strategy was related to the intervention measures, population, and results, and was structured around the search terms: "Exercise," "Osteoporotic vertebral fracture," and "activities of function." Two reviewers strictly implemented the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subgroup analyzes of age and training duration were performed for the main outcomes. We included 12 RCTs (n = 1,289) of resistance and balance training in patients with OVF. Compared with controls, the intervention group showed improvements on the Quality of Life Questionnaire issued by the European Foundation for Osteoporosis, visual analog pain scale, Timed Up and Go, falls efficacy scale international (FES-I), kyphosis, and functional reach. On subgroup analysis, the effect was more significant when training continued >10 weeks. Resistance and balance exercise training improved function and balance, and reduced fall risk in patients with OVF. We recommend resistance and balance training for at least 10 weeks. Future multicenter, large sample trials are needed for more reliable conclusions.

Changes After a Conventional vs. an Alternative Therapy Program on Physical, Psychological, and Injury-Related Parameters in Male Youth Soccer Players With Patellar Tendinopathy During Return to Competition.

Niering, M and Muehlbauer, T. Changes after a conventional vs. an alternative therapy program on physical, psychological and injury-related parameters in male youth soccer players with patellar tendinopathy during return to competition. J Strength Cond Res 37(9): 1834-1843, 2023-Changes after a conventional (CON) vs. alternative (ALT) therapy program on physical, psychological, and injury-related or pain-related parameters in soccer players with patellar tendinopathy (PT) during return to competition were examined. Thirty-four male youth soccer players (15-16 years) with PT were randomly assigned to a CON ( n = 18) or ALT ( n = 16) program. The ALT program consisted of 60 minutes of balance training, eccentric and isometric exercises, static stretching, and a dual-task progression. The CON program consisted of 30 minutes of eccentric and isometric exercises and static stretching. Both programs were conducted until painlessness was reported during full training load. Assessments of muscle power (drop jump, jump and reach), change of direction speed (CODS) (acyclic sprint), speed (tapping, 30-m linear sprint), endurance (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level-1), the Achievement Motives Scale Sport, and injury-related or pain-related correlates were performed immediately, 6 weeks, 16 weeks, and 20 weeks after the respective therapy program. Players in the ALT group required a shorter program duration (ALT: 47.1 ± 15.6 days, CON: 58.2 ± 24.6 days) and achieved the same (muscle power, speed, endurance) or greater (CODS) improvements in physical performances, the same enhancements in psychological measures (achievement motives), and better values for injury-related or pain-related correlates (injury incidence, pain-related training interruptions). Results indicate that both programs effectively improve relevant outcome parameters in players with PT. The ALT therapy is more time efficient than the CON therapy. Therapists should consider this multimodal training program for effective treatment of athletes to shorten their return to competition time and minimize the risk of secondary injuries.

Effects of Home-Based Boxing Training on Trunk Performance, Balance, and Enjoyment of Patients With Chronic Stroke.

To investigate the effect of 6 weeks of home-based boxing training on trunk performance, balance, fear of falling, and level of therapy enjoyment in individuals with chronic stroke. Eighteen participants with chronic stroke were randomly divided into boxing and control groups (9 patients per group). The boxing group received home-based boxing training for 25 minutes plus balance and trunk exercise training for 15 minutes, while the control group received only home-based balance and trunk exercise training for 40 minutes, three days a week for 6 weeks. The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were assessed at baseline, and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-training. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to determine differences between pre- and post-training within and between groups. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The TIS scores significantly increased from 13 to 17 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 15 to 17 points in the control group (p<0.05). The Mini-BESTest scores significantly increased from 14 to 22 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 17 to 20 points in the control group (p<0.05). There were no differences in the TIS, Mini-BESTest, ABC, and PACES scores between the two groups. Home-based boxing training with balance and trunk exercise training had a similar training effect compared to home-based balance and trunk exercise training.

Effect of Hemibridge with Ball and Balloon Exercise on Balance, Gait Speed, Fear of Fall, and Quality of Life in Elderly – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Context: Hemibridge with ball and balloon exercise causes co-contraction of the core, pelvic floor muscles, and lower limb muscles. However, limited data exist about the efficacy of these exercises in elderly individuals. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hemibridge with ball and balloon exercise on balance, gait speed, fear of falls, and quality of life in elderly individuals. Settings and Design: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care center and old age homes. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-six (n = 36) elderly individuals were randomly allocated to the control and experimental groups. The control group received conventional balance training, while the experimental group received hemibridge with ball and balloon exercises with conventional balance training exercises. The outcome measures were the Timed-Up and Go test (TUG), 4-m gait speed (4MGS) test, Short Falls-Efficacy Scale (SFES), and RAND 36-Item Short-Form Survey (SF-36). Both groups received treatment for 3 weeks with three sessions a week. Statistical Analysis: The test used for between-group analysis was the Mann–Whitney U-test and for within-group analysis was the Wilcoxon matched-pair test. Results: The between-group results for TUG, 4MGS test, and SFES for the experimental group showed a statistical significance compared to the control group. However, the results of the RAND SF-36 health survey for the experimental group were not statistically significant compared to the control group. Conclusion: Hemibridge with ball and balloon exercise with conventional balance exercises showed beneficial effects on balance, gait speed, fear of falls, and quality of life for the elderly.

IMPACTOS DO TREINO DE EQUILÍBRIO SOBRE O DESEMPENHO DOS JOGADORES DE TÊNIS

ABSTRACT Introduction Maintaining body balance is a prerequisite for good tennis practice. Therefore, the demands of technical movements for competitive playability are achieved only after players have improved balance. Objective Analyze the impacts of balance training on the performance of tennis players. Methods 24 male tennis college students, 18 to 21 years old, were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The intervention took place under a specific balance training protocol for eight weeks, and data were collected in the experimental group before and after the intervention. Results The test time with eyes closed in unipodal support, Romberg test, eyes closed standing, and walking standing in the experimental group was 37.340 ± 14.382s, 67.250 ± 30.275s, 21.070 ± 7.887s and 4.510 ± 0.540s respectively, showing statistical superiority over the control group. Conclusion After eight weeks of balance training exercise intervention, compared with the subjects without instability training exercise intervention, the subjects’ static and dynamic balance ability after eight weeks of training were significantly improved. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Balance Function after Balance Exercise Assist Robot Therapy in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Pilot Study.

This study compared the balance function in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with their balance function after subsequent training sessions with a Balance Exercise Assist Robot (BEAR). In this prospective observational study, inpatients who underwent allo-HSCT from human leukocyte antigen-mismatched relatives were enrolled from December 2015 to October 2017. Patients were allowed to leave their clean room after allo-HSCT and underwent balance exercise training using the BEAR. Sessions (20-40 min) were performed 5 days per week and consisted of three games that were performed four times each. A total of 15 sessions were performed by each patient. Patient balance function was assessed before BEAR therapy according to the mini-balance evaluation systems test (mini-BESTest), and patients were divided into two groups (Low and High) based on a 70% cut-off value for the total mini-BESTest score. Patient balance was also assessed after BEAR therapy. Fourteen patients providing written informed consent fulfilled the protocol: six patients in the Low group, and eight patients in the High group. In the Low group, there was a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-evaluations in postural response, which a sub-item of the mini-BESTest. In the High group, there was no significant difference between pre- and post-evaluations in the mini-BESTest. BEAR sessions improve balance function in patients undergoing allo-HSCT.

The Effect of Balance and Concentration Exercises on the Shooting Results of Petanque Riau Athletes

This study aimed to determine and analyze the effect of balance training on shooting results in Riau petanque athletes and the effect of concentration training on shooting results in Riau petanque athletes and investigating the effect of balance training and concentration training on shooting results in Riau petanque athletes. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with the research design "Two Group Pretest Posttest Design". The instrument used to test the shooting ability is the number game shooting station 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with a distance of 6 meters, 7 meters, and 8 meters. , and 9 meters. The subjects in this study were Riau Petanque athletes, totalling 32 sons, which were taken from the total sampling results. The results of this study: 1) There is an effect of balance training exercises on the shooting results of the Riau Petanque athletes. 2) there is an effect of concentration training on the shooting results of the Riau Petanque athletes. 3) there is an influence between balance training and concentration training on the shooting results of Riau petanque athletes. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that balance and concentration training significantly affect the shooting results of the Riau Petanque athletes based on the paired samples test. Then from the two exercises, the concentration exercise is better than the balancing exercise, based on the independent samples test. It can be interpreted that balance and concentration training influence the shooting results of the Riau Petanque athletes. Still, concentration exercises have.

COMPARAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE TREINAMENTO ESPORTIVO SOBRE A PLASTICIDADE MUSCULAR

ABSTRACT Introduction: Different loads and volumes in resistance training is the most effective way to muscle hypertrophy stimulation in rehabilitation. Adding different stability planes to balance training will increase the intensity of muscle activation, causing an enhanced exercise load. It is theorized that unstable stimuli in the support environment increased central excitability, improving the ability to mobilize muscle fiber contraction. However, the intensity of this relationship is not clarified. Objective: Investigate how to balance exercise training improves CORE muscle plasticity and the central nervous system. Methods: A total of 36 undergraduate and graduate students were recruited to participate in this experiment. Two movements with bridge exercise were selected for maximal muscle endurance testing. Electromyographic data of the CORE muscles were captured and compared at all execution phases. Results: There was no interaction between the stabilization plane and cognitive tasks. The main effects of the low bridge and high bridge movements on erector spinae muscle activation were 28.88 and 2.06. The main effects of cognitive tasks were 0.33 and 7.88, and the interaction effect was 0.89 0.31. Conclusion: Exercise training can increase capillaries in muscles, increase the cross-sectional area of myofibrils, change the proportion of different types of myofibrils, and increase muscle strength. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

Effect of therapeutic exercise on the balance of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy: A pilot study.

BackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a parkinsonian-like progressive neurodegenerative syndrome. Key clinical features include ocular motor dysfunction, postural instability, and cognitive dysfunction. Maintaining and improving balance function and gait function are very important for patients with PSP with severe postural dysfunction and repeated falls. In addition, patients with PSP have a poor response to pharmacological treatment; hence, rehabilitation is a key approach in dealing with this syndrome. However, no conclusion on the beneficial effects of rehabilitation for patients with PSP have been established in the literature.ObjectivesThe effectiveness of multiple therapeutic exercise program with probable or possible PSP according to the Movement Disorder Society criteria for the clinical diagnosis of PSP was validated.MethodsParticipants underwent multiple therapeutic exercise program customized for each participant, including resistance training, balance training, and walking exercises that were performed for 60–80 minutes a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcomes measured were as follows: pull test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), and gait speed test.ResultsA total of 117 patients with PSP were enrolled and the analysis was performed on 20 patients with probable PSP. Four-week rehabilitation significantly improved pull test (p = 0.034) and BBS scores (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences both TUG (p = 0.502) and gait speed (p = 0.813).ConclusionThe multiple therapeutic exercise program had beneficial effects on balance performance in patients with PSP in 4 weeks and could be an essential element in their rehabilitation. Although this pilot study was conducted without a control group, it provided valuable information for future prospective randomized controlled trials.

Impact Of Balance Training and Coordination Exercises in Post Hemiplegic Stroke Patients

A medical condition that occurs due to interrupted blood supply to the brain leading to restricted oxygen supply to the tissues resulting in cell death is known as “stroke”. It is considered as a second leading cause of death globally and a major cause of disabilities for the patients surviving from its fatality. Monoplegia, Diplegia, Hemiplegia, Quadriplegia, hemiparesis are all the different gifts of the stroke given to multiple patients suffering from it. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the difference between the hemiplegic stroke patients who have undergone physical therapy treatment in contrast to those patients who have not taken any physical therapy treatment. Methods: Cross sectional study design was selected for the performance of the research. Research setting was a Government Sector Hospital. Specific balance and coordination exercises were given to the hemiplegic stroke patients and their effect was observed in the term of their recovery speed. Out of sample of 40 individuals, some have taken physical therapy rehabilitation with varying number of sessions and intensity of exercises while in contrast, some have not taken any physical therapy from scratch following stroke. Brunel Balance Assessment (BBA) scale was measured in relation to the effect of exercises given to the patients. Results: The data analysis has shown significant improvement in balance and different fine motor movements in post training group as compared to those who have not taken physical therapy rehabilitation. Data analysis has clearly shown that percentage of improvement in the condition of patients is directly related to the frequency of exercise given to them in their post stroke period. The BBA scale was having higher values in the patients undergoing physical therapy rehabilitation as compared to the patients who have not undergone any sort of physical therapy rehabilitation. Conclusion: Balance and coordination exercises have impact in the post hemiplegic stroke patients

Injury prevention programs that include balance training exercises reduce ankle injury rates among soccer players: a systematic review.

What is the effect of injury prevention programs that include balance training exercises on the incidence of ankle injuries among soccer players? Systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis. Soccer players of any age, sex or competition level. The experimental intervention was an injury prevention program that included balance training exercises. The control intervention was the soccer team's usual warm-up program. Exposure-based ankle injury rates. Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The pooled results of injury prevention programs that included balance training exercises among 4,959 soccer players showed a 36% reduction in ankle injury per 1,000 hours of exposure compared to the control group with an injury risk ratio (IRR) of 0.64 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.77). The pooled results of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) injury prevention programs caused a 37% reduction in ankle injury (IRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.84) and balance-training exercises alone cause a 42% reduction in ankle injury (IRR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.84). This meta-analysis demonstrates that balance exercises alone or as part of an injury prevention program decrease the risk of ankle injuries. PROSPERO CRD42017054450.

The Effect of Highly Challenging Balance Training on Balance in Parkinson's Sufferers: Critical Review

Parkinson's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by several motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity or stiffness, and postural instability. Balance problems, or postural instability, are one of the main motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease that usually appear in the later stages of the disease. The purpose of this study is the effect of highly challenging balance training on balance in Parkinson's patients based on the existing literature and to find out the highly challenging balance training exercise in Parkinson's patients based on the existing literature. The method of this research is to use a critical review study. From the results of this study, it was found that 7 out of 156 articles matched the inclusion criteria. In this study, 7 articles were used as the basis for further studies for the appraisal stage. The results of the appraisal show that 6 articles have a Quartile 1 (Q1) value and 1 article has a Quartile 3 (Q3) value. Based on the results of studies that have been conducted on the effect of highly challenging balance training on balance in Parkinson's patients as concentration using the Critical Review system, it can be concluded that highly challenging balance training has an effect on improving balance in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Virtual reality balance training versus core stability exercises on balance in patients with unilateral lymphedema

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects between Wii fit balance board and core stability exercises on balance dysfunction in patients with unilateral lymphedema. Method: Sixty patients (women) aged 40-60 years with grade 1 or 2 lymphedema were randomly assigned into the following two groups. Group A received the Wii fit balanced exercises for three times per week for four weeks as total treatment duration in form of (Ski Slalom, Advanced Skiing, Ski Jumping followed by Header and Jump Rope).; Group B received core stability exercises for 4 weeks (3times/week) in form of {1- Abdominal bracing (10 repetitions x10 second holds), 2- Curl up (3 sets x 10 repetitions), 3- Supine bridge (3 sets x 10 repetitions), 4- Supine unilateral bridge (3 sets x 10 repetitions for each leg), 5- Plank (3 sets x 10 repetitions) and 6- Bird dog (3 sets x 10 repetitions for each limb)}. Balance was determined using time up and go (TUG) and Wii fit results by using the Wii fit balance board. Balance was measured before and 4 weeks after the treatment program.

Chronic Ankle Instability - Mechanical vs. Functional.

Chronic ankle instability arises from three interacting contributing factors: mechanical ankle instability, functional ankle instability, and perceived ankle instability. To decide on the most appropriate individual recommendation for therapeutic options, it is necessary to assess which of the two main aetiologies - functional vs. mechanical - is dominant in causing the perceived impairment. It is essential to perform a thorough analysis and diagnosis, even though quantifying mechanical ankle instability is still a challenge in the clinical approach to this common pathology. When diagnosing mechanical instability, the most established procedure is physical examination, although this unfortunately does not allow the deficit to be quantified. Additional options include stress-ultrasound, 3D stress-MRI (3SAM), ankle arthrometry, marker-based 3D motion analysis, and diagnostic ankle arthroscopy. Of these the latter is considered the gold standard, even though it is an invasive procedure, it may not be performed for diagnostic reasons only, and it also does not allow the mechanical instability to be quantified. For diagnosing functional instability there are non-instrumented tests such as the Star Excursion Balance Test or Y-Balance Test, posturography/stabilometry, and gait and running analysis, possibly combined with EMG acquisition and isokinetic strength testing.To date, the standard of care is conservative management of ankle instability, and the therapy should include sensorimotor training, strength training of the periarticular muscles, balance training, and gait and running exercises on different surfaces. However, it is increasingly clear that a certain degree of mechanical instability cannot be compensated for by functional training. Thus, it is the goal of differential diagnostics to identify those patients and guide them to mechanical therapy, including ankle bracing, taping, and surgical ligament reconstruction.

EFFECTS OF BALANCE TRAINING EXERCISES FOR IMPROVING STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE IN DEAF POPULATION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

BACKGROUND AND AIM Physical therapy exercises can play a vital role in improving static and dynamic balance. Our current research aims to determine balance training exercises’ effects on improving static and dynamic balance in the deaf population. METHODOLOGY A randomized controlled trial (IRCT20200625047922N1) with a sample size of 28 deaf children was conducted. Congenitally deaf children aged 6 to 11 years without cochlear implantation and could walk independently were chosen from Special Education School, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Exclusion criteria were those with mental illness, unilateral hearing, Visual, Cognitive, and Physical impairment. After taking the informed consent from parents and students, the participants were divided into a control and a balance training exercises group. Data was collected through the Berg Balance scale (BBS), including static and dynamic balance tests. Statistical analysis was directed by utilizing SPSS version 20. RESULTS The mean value for Pre-treatment BBS in the experimental group is 32.71±4.58, and in the control group is 34.50±3.93. The P-value of Pre-treatment BBS is 0.28 and in post-treatment is 0.00, which shows statistically significant variance among the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that static and dynamic balance training exercises effectively improve the balance of the deaf population. KEYWORDS Deafness, Postural Balance, Hearing Loss, Vestibular Diseases, Persons with Hearing Impairments, Exercise Therapy, Bilateral Vestibulopathy.

Effect of CoDuSe and step square exercises on risk of fall inmultiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial

Objective: Impaired balance and the difficulty to execute dual tasks are common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which are the main causes of risk of fall. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a rehabilitation program composed of CoDuSe balance training and step square exercises (SSE) on the risk of fall in MS. Methods: Fifty-two patients with MS were randomly divided into two equal groups; the study group that received CoDuSe balance training and SSE combined with the selected exercise program for four weeks, while the control group received only the selected exercise program. All patients were assessed pre-and post-rehabilitation program with the Biodex Balance System (BBS) using the fall risk index test, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Morse Fall Scale (MFS). Results: Comparing groups post-treatment revealed significant reductions in MFS and risk of falls scores (p &lt; 0.05) and a significant increase in balance, gait, lower limb strength, and total scores of SPPB of the study group compared with the control group. Conclusions: The combination of CoDuSe balance training and SSE had a significant effect in reducing the risk of fall and improving balance in patients with MS, thus this treatment program should be considered in MS physical rehabilitation.

Balance training in individuals with Parkinson's disease: Biodex Stability System versus supervised exercise program

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of balance training, using the Biodex Stability System (BSS) or supervised exercises, on balance and gait in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).DESIGN: This was a prospective, pilot interventional cohort study.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty individuals with PD at Hoehn and Yahr stages I–III were included in the study.INTERVENTIONS: Ten subjects in the BSS group and 10 subjects in the non-BSS group (supervised balance exercise training without BSS) participated in 55-min exercise sessions 3 times a week for 4 weeks.OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Postural sway measures-sway area, anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) center of pressure path length, and root mean square velocity in AP and ML directions were collected at baseline and postintervention. Secondary outcome measures of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), spatiotemporal gait measures-gait velocity, step length, and stride length, Timed Up and Go, and 6-min walk test data were also collected at baseline and postexercise intervention for both the groups.RESULTS: Improvements in postural sway were seen in the BSS group postintervention (sway area mean change = −435.3 mm2; 95% confidence interval = −818.5, −52.2). Postural sway data from the non-BSS group were unavailable, due to a technical failure. All secondary outcome measures improved in both the groups; however, we did not find any significant between-group differences in any of the secondary measures.CONCLUSIONS: A 4-week exercise training using BSS improved measures of balance and gait in individuals with PD. However, improvements were also seen after an exercise program that did not use BSS. This suggests that at least for the measures used in this study, there were no differences between BSS training and supervised exercise balance training.