Migration Balance Research Articles

Trends in the population of Lviv region in the XIX-XXI centuries

The peculiarities of the population dynamics of the Lviv region from 1857 to the present are characterized. A brief overview of scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign geographers and other scientists on this issue, which have been published in recent years. The statistical materials for this study were the censuses of the Austrian Empire of 1857, the Austro-Hungarian Empire of 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, the Polish censuses of 1921 and 1931, the Soviet censuses of 1859, 1970, 1979, 1989 and the All-Ukrainian census. 2001. The main method of research is historical and geographical. With its help the analysis of the population in modern borders of the Lviv area since the beginning of 1857 is carried out. In changes of the population of the Lviv area it is possible to allocate two stages: long growth before 1993 and the subsequent depopulation after 1993. The basis for the separation of these stages of the seven periods of population change. During the first period (1857-1910) the population of the region increased, for example in 1869 by 102 thousand people compared to 1857. In 1869-1880 the average annual growth rate was more than 2%. The second period (1910-1921) is marked by depopulation processes. This is due to significant demographic losses in the First World War and the national liberation war of the Ukrainian people. The third period (1921-1939) is characterized by population growth. The region was marked by a fairly high growth, as it did not suffer losses due to the Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932-1933. In the fourth period (1939-1946) the highest rates of depopulation were observed, due to the Second World War 1939-1945. at over 4%. In the fifth period (1946-1993) there was an increase in the population of the region. The number of urban population grew rapidly. At that time, as early as 1950, the population began to decline in rural areas. In the sixth period (1994-2009) the highest rates of depopulation are observed. Almost 80% of the total population decline in this period in the region was due to a negative migration balance. Lviv region in the seventh period (2010-2021) shows more favorable demographic trends compared to national ones. The rate of depopulation is slowing down: in 2013-2017, the population of the region decreased by only 0.08% annually, while in Ukraine - by 1.7%. As a result, the main reason for the decrease in the population of the region is the significant migration losses over several decades of the XX-XXI centuries.

From Internal to International Migration in Romania – Continuity and Spatial Differentiation

The study proposes a set of analyses on the evolution of the migration balance of Romania’s population over a wide time interval, fully covering the period dominated by the communist regime (1948-1989) and the last three decades marked by the transition to a market economy. The aim is to differentiate the typology of the time and space distribution of the mentioned indicator and to test a set of explanatory factors, for each of the two distinct periods. The typological and factor analyses applied led to results that largely confirm the hypothesis of a continuity between the massive internal migration during the communist regime and the more complex migration in recent decades. At the same time, the profound changes in the incidence of certain explanatory factors certify a complete restructuring of the migration system in Romania after 1990. The massive migration from rural to urban areas, brought about by positional or socio-economic factors, was gradually replaced after the fall of the communist regime by a strong labour emigration, an effect of deindustrialization. The stimulation of the periurbanization process, by changing the way of life, introduced new variables in the functioning of the migration system, in keeping with the specific evolutions of the contemporary era.

Directions and tendencies of migration of the population into urban areas of the republic of Srpska

This paper covers internal migrations in the Republic of Srpska, in the period 2007-2015 and their impact to urban and peri-urban development of urban areas of the Republic. Migration directions show a continuity of permanent abandonment of rural areas and settlement of urban and peri-urban areas of the Republic, also including the migrations (immigration) from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The scope of migrations has the trend of decrease as result of decrease in the rural population of the Republic of Srpska and its aging. Urban centres of the northern part of the Republic of Srpska (Banja Luka, Doboj, Bijeljina, Prijedor and Gradiška) have the largest scope of immigration, due to a number of attractive factors. In the southern part of the Republic, in the sub-Mediterranean area, the City of Trebinje is the main immigration area for the population of eastern Herzegovina, but also, more and more, for the population of the rest of the Republic of Srpska, as well for the wider regional environment. Spatial scope of research consists of eight cities in the Republic of Srpska, which defined the status of the city in the period from 1995 to 2019. Those cities are: Banjaluka, Bijeljina, Prijedor, Gradiška, Doboj, Istočno Sarajevo, Zvornik and Trebinje. The specificities in the territorial organization of the Republic of Srpska are the result of complex socio-political processes and the formation of the entity line of demarcation in post-war period (1992-1995), between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska. Given the physiognomy of space and developmental processes, the Republic of Srpska has complex settlement function. In four urban areas, Istočno Sarajevo, Doboj, Zvornik and Trebinje, the settlements are divided by the entity line, which caused the migrations. In 2014, population migration was also affected by administrative separation of the municipality of Stanari from the Doboj city area. Due to the above mentioned, compared to other cities of the Republic, Doboj has the highest negative values of the migration balance in the observed period (2007-2016). Statistical data from the Federal Bureau of Statistics of BiH and the Republic Institute of the Republic of Srpska were used in research related to migrations, as well as other relevant statistical material produced in the period from 1991 to 2016. The key demographic indicators, internal migrations, immigration and emigration and migration balance were taken into consideration. In order to compare the research areas, data were prepared on the basis of demographic indicators. Conclusions on spatial integration of migration, as well as its direction, have been drawn based on internal migration, spatial distribution of population and change in number of inhabitants in urban and suburban settlements.

Conditions for High Rate, High Capacity Li-Ion Convection Cells through Dimensional Analysis

Improved performance of Li-ion cells for applications, such as, electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and grid load leveling, calls for both high energy and rate capability. An implied high capacity under high rate cell (dis)charge is presently very difficult or unachievable in closed Li-ion cells. A common limitation under such demands is electrolyte transport and frequently Li-ion salt bulk diffusion in particular. The limitation leads to salt concentration variation and depletion in the cathode. A convection cell with in-operation electrolyte flow can significantly mitigate this limitation under quantitatively defined ranges of conditions, as published recently.1 This finding emerged from the addition of convection to a DUALFOIL-based pseudo 2D Li-ion cell model to create LIONSIMBA+c and dimensional analysis of input electrolyte transport properties, dimensions, and operational parameters. With cell performance output expressed as %capacity accessed, inputs combined into dimensionless groups explain the balance of migration versus diffusion and convection and allow for collapse of myriad output data points into families of curves for analysis.Here, we elaborate on the LIONSIMBA+c result analysis including the dimensionless groups that describe Li-ion cell capacity limitations with and without flow. Full material working capacity is achievable with low current or fast electrolyte transport – diffusion or convection. Notably, flow serves as an operational throttle for obtaining desirable transport. With discharge rate increase or sluggish transport, deliverable capacity drops precipitously and asymptotically approaches reduced levels, particularly when there is low initial Li-ion salt amount. A material balance explains the reduced capacity values at high rate. The accessible discharge time and thus capacity is gated by the time that migration depletes Li-ion salt in the cathode. We also examine the corresponding common electrolyte concentration profile behavior under different parameter combinations with similar dimensionless group values. Reference Gao, M. J. Orella, T. J. Carney, Y Román-Leshkov, J. Drake, and F. R. Brushett, J. Electrochem. Soc. 167 140551 (2020).

Migration attractiveness as a factor in the development of Kazakhstan cities

Territorial development in Kazakhstan is characterized by uneven distribution of resources and population settlement, forming zones of attractiveness and regions that remain undeveloped and unat- tractive for the majority of the country’s population. Large cities with attractive living conditions, where there is a concentration of labor (talented youth and specialists), along with managed urbanization, are seen as a factor in the economic growth of regions and an improvement in the quality of life of the popu- lation. In this context, the ability of a place to attract migrants is essential for enhancing its economic competitiveness and innovative potential. In this work, the authors set the task of studying the migration attractiveness of the largest Kazakhstani cities in order to identify the relationship between the migration balance and indicators of their socio-economic attractiveness. The authors suggest that the migration attractiveness of cities is determined by the state of socio-economic development. To analyze the role of individual factors in the formation of migration processes based on the concept of sustainable devel- opment, a correlation analysis of the country’s cities was carried out according to the main indicators of socio-economic development. Cities are characterized by a stable population inflow over the studied years and migration processes depend on the social and economic indicators of urban development. The identified indicators of urban migration attractiveness can be taken into account when developing a system of regional standards for large cities. Key words: city, urban population, indicators, migration, migration attractiveness, migration growth, urbanization.

Blended cities in Israel

ABSTRACT This article presents a new conceptual and theoretical outlook on the municipal-demographic phenomenon of mixed cities, in which minority groups penetrate homogenous spaces. The findings show that the penetration of Jewish cities by Arab minorities in Israel has become widespread – especially in the periphery of the country. While the State and local authorities view this phenomenon as problematic – from a national, municipal, and demographic point of view, their solutions are limited to programmes that encourage increased Jewish residence in these cities to preserve the existing demographic advantage. Many of these mixed cities are characterised by increased tension between Arabs and Jews, decreased socioeconomic status, negative migration balance, and Arab minorities settling in the outskirts of the city or weaker neighbourhoods.

AKT Signaling Modifies the Balance between Cell Proliferation and Migration in Neural Crest Cells from Patients Affected with Bosma Arhinia and Microphthalmia Syndrome.

Over the recent years, the SMCHD1 (Structural Maintenance of Chromosome flexible Hinge Domain Containing 1) chromatin-associated factor has triggered increasing interest after the identification of variants in three rare and unrelated diseases, type 2 Facio Scapulo Humeral Dystrophy (FSHD2), Bosma Arhinia and Microphthalmia Syndrome (BAMS), and the more recently isolated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH) combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) and septo-optic dysplasia (SOD). However, it remains unclear why certain mutations lead to a specific muscle defect in FSHD while other are associated with severe congenital anomalies. To gain further insights into the specificity of SMCHD1 variants and identify pathways associated with the BAMS phenotype and related neural crest defects, we derived induced pluripotent stem cells from patients carrying a mutation in this gene. We differentiated these cells in neural crest stem cells and analyzed their transcriptome by RNA-Seq. Besides classical differential expression analyses, we analyzed our data using MOGAMUN, an algorithm allowing the extraction of active modules by integrating differential expression data with biological networks. We found that in BAMS neural crest cells, all subnetworks that are associated with differentially expressed genes converge toward a predominant role for AKT signaling in the control of the cell proliferation–migration balance. Our findings provide further insights into the distinct mechanism by which defects in neural crest migration might contribute to the craniofacial anomalies in BAMS.

Small towns (re)growing old. Hidden dynamics of old-age migration in shrinking regions in Germany

ABSTRACT In many regions with long-term structural economic and demographic problems, small towns are shrinking as their urban centres, they are losing population, jobs, vibrancy and infrastructure. Yet, knowledge about their trajectories remains vague as studies on urban shrinkage have so far focused on large cities. When monitoring population change of small towns in Germany, there are ambiguous findings concerning their recent development: On the one hand, natural and migration balances were mostly negative and the population is ageing. On the other, they have become target locations of old-age in-migration. Hidden behind general demographic decline, the towns’ elderly populations are growing in relative and absolute terms. Our paper wants to shed light on these processes. It draws upon explorative empirical research in small towns in Germany. We will present, firstly, elderly’s motivations and actual relocation decisions. Secondly, we will show that these trends remain even largely out of sight of municipal decision makers. By way of conclusion, we argue that urban shrinkage is not a linear but rather a contingent process where overlapping trends, agencies and decisions of various actors together with the more fine-grained unevenness of spatial development can result in unexpected and ambivalent local trajectories.

Environmental risks, demographic dynamic and Life Quality. Argentina at beginning of XXI century

In this work we analyze the relationship among: 1) Certain environmental risks: Flood problems, Earthquakes, Tornadoes and Soil degradation, 2) Demographic dynamics (inter census growth and migratory balances) and 3) Grade of Life Level Quality of Argentinian people. We use a G eographical Information System (GIS ) in which we have done the digitalization of the respective layers of environmental risks. Following, we examine the information on demographic dynamics. At last, we present a synthetic index of the population’s Life Quality, which was elaborated starting from a combination of weighted indicators of environmental and socioeconomic dimensions (education, health and housing). The next step is to study the demographic behaviour and the grade of well-being of Argentina’s people different segments for each one of the environmental risks. We start from an operation of overlapping of different layers (for example: flood risk, growth rate, migration balance, etc). All previous stepladder let us size and compare the obtained Life Quality Index with Demographic Dynamics according to the degree of affectation of each one of the considered physical-environmental events. Finally we can establish the future scenario by projecting these phenomena impacts into the process of global environmental change.

Geographic directions of migration processes influencing the formation of the demographic situation in East Kazakhstan during the years of independence

The article shows the trends and changes in migration processes in the East Kazakhstan region over the years of independence of Kazakhstan, as well as the intensity, volume and geography of migration flows, as well as statistics. The socio-economic prerequisites for the migration flows of the population of the region, their impact on the population, the quality of labor resources and the current conditions in the field of migration, as well as issues in the field of migration policy aimed at stabilizing the demographic situation in the region are presented. Analysis of the modern geography of migration processes in the East Kazakhstan region shows that it corresponds to the historical reality of 30 years of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan, therefore, emigration had a negative impact on the history of the Republic of Kazakhstan at that time. about the demographic situation. The dynamics of changes in the balance of migration from 1992 to the present was characterized by negative indicators, and since 2016 the negative balance has grown again, which is 4.3 times higher than in 2015.Socio-economic consequences of migration flows (their scale, intensity, direction, etc.), Gender and age of migrants, social and ethnic composition and migration in the region. The results of the study showed the migratory movements of repatriates. A map of ethnic settlement in the East Kazakhstan region for 1999-2019 has been developed. Analyzed the political, economic and social factors affecting the demographic situation.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ВІДМІННОСТІ МІГРАЦІЙНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ НАСЕЛЕННЯ КАРПАТСЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ УКРАЇНИ

Analysis of the population’s migration activity in the Carpathian region of Ukraine is necessary to determine the spatial basis for the formation and development of territorial communities, development and implementation of demographic and socio-economic policy measures. The level of immigration to the Carpathian region from 2012 to 2020, annually exceeded the level of emigration. During this period, the urban settlements in the region are characterized by a stable migration increase (25 thousand people), while there was a migration reduction of the rural population of the region (by 4 thousand people). The increase is typical for Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, the negative migration balance is for Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions. The share of international migrants in migration flows in the Carpathian region is small, the population of Transcarpathia and Bukovina is more active in this regard. Interregional migration links are close between Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions. There is a noticeable reduction in the difference between the number of arrivals and departures, but in general the Carpathian region continues to be attractive for migration to residents of other country regions. In general, in 2016-2019, the population of the Carpathian region due to migration increased by 4 people per 10,000 population. The population’s migratory activity in the Carpathian region has a suburbanization character, which indicates the suburban areas attractive for living and working. Along with this, there is a significant leaching of human potential from mountainous areas, northern and north-eastern districts in Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions, industrial cities in the Carpathian region. The main threat to the development of the Carpathian region, caused by internal migration, is primarily the depopulation of some villages in the region, which is now manifested in the aging rural population. In the future, the unfavorable demographic situation in rural areas may lead to the decline of the local economy, social infrastructure and a general decline in the quality of life of residents.

Demographic and socio-economic factors influencing health inequalities in the Czech Republic

Abstract Health inequalities, which could be prevented by appropriate means in various areas, are generally perceived as a consequence of injustice in the society and are mostly the result of inequalities in social determinants. The main goal of this article is to determine health inequalities defined by demographic and socio-economic factors at the level of districts of the Czech Republic in the period 2007–2018(due to the specific differences in data, the Capital City of Prague region was not included). The following statistical methods were used to process the data: correlation analysis, principal component analysis, composite indicator, cluster analysis and multidimensional factor analysis. The value of the composite indicator shows a very favorable situation in the districts of Praha-východ and Praha-západ (especially high proportion of university students, low unemployment, age index, infant mortality, abortion rate and housing subsidies), and the unfavourable situation in the districts of Chomutov, Teplice and Most (especially high housing and unemployment subsidies, low rate of university students, negative migration balance, high rates of infant mortality and abortion). The results specify regional disparities of demographic and socio-economic indicators that can cause health inequalities: negative regional disparities (Most, Teplice, Děčín, Bruntál, Karviná, Ostrava-město and Jeseník districts) and positive regional disparities (Praha-západ, Praha-východ, Mladá Boleslav, Jihlava and Brno-venkov). The study presents the results of analyses based on the example of smaller territorial units (districts) and confirms the existence of regional disparities in accordance with research at the national and international level. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • Demographic factors are connected to socio-economic environmental factors (poverty, education, social exclusion, unemployment, social security, family situation etc.) that lead to regional health inequalities. • The regional disparities of selected demographic and socio-economic indicators of the districts of the Czech Republic that cause health inequalities were specified.

Spatial development of the Russian Far East: demographic and socio-economic factors

The article presents analysis of the trends in the demographic development of the regions of the Russian Far East and the processes that directly and indirectly determine preservation of the human potential of the macroregion. Multidimensional analysis allows us to assess the objective opportunities for successful development of both the macroregion as a whole and its separate territories, including those within the framework of the current State national programs. The dynamics of population in combination with its low density and shortage of labor resources significantly affect the socio-economic development of the regions in the district. Socio-demographic indicators (migration balance, healthy life expectancy, share of citizens adhering to a healthy lifestyle) and socio-economic indicators (dynamics of monetary income / consumer spending and investment in fixed assets per capita) allowed us to identify the main trends of recent years in the development of the Far East regions. It was found out that the majority of regions belong to the most depopulating territories in Russia with critical indicators of the level of self-preservation behavior, with the current dangerous trend of migration losses (primarily in the working-age population), with low values of the life expectancy index. It is necessary to conduct a differentiated economic policy in the macroregion. The characteristics of differentiation of the situation in the macroregion, shown in the article, may contribute to development of a set of tools to deal with the situation in each region of the Far East. Since the main cause of the unfavorable demographic trends is the lag of the real living standards of the population behind the national average, the necessary measures of administrative action are: financing of social infrastructure in the macroregion; ensuring high social standards for families of professionals; providing a competitive level of education and conditions for development of the system of training and retention of personnel; effective functioning of regional economic clusters; development of small and medium-sized businesses.

Issues concerning Romanian demographic school population

The evolution of demographic phenomena of the last two decades is characterised by the need to maintain low fertility, the slight increase in life expectancy at birth, high percentage of infant mortality and negative balance of external migration, all of which have led to the decrease in the population of our country Romania. Between the two censuses (2002 and 2011), Romania’s stable population decreased by 1.6 million. The population of students in all levels of the educational system has been reduced as a result. This paper analyses the main demographic issues facing Romania, its effect on the current school population and its long-term perspective. Using quantitative data that were derived from certified institutions and national documents, this study made a review of the literature of student population between the years 2002 and 2011 and a forecast for the following decades. One of the findings is that there is an increase in the ageing population. Recommendations are made at the end of the study. Keywords: Demography, education, school age.

Tourism Development Options in Marginal and Less-Favored Regions: A Case Study of Slovakia´s Gemer Region

Marginal and less-favored regions are characterized by negative migration balance, lower living standards, aging of the population, a lower number of employment opportunities, lower educational level, and lower investments in the territory. Gemer is one of these regions in Slovakia. On the other hand, the Gemer region has a very interesting history and many cultural monuments, nature protection areas, and UNESCO World Heritage sites that create options for tourism development. The monuments of the Gothic Road have the potential for religious tourism. Karst relief and the sites and monuments related to mining present on the Iron Road provide suitable conditions for geotourism and mining tourism. Local villages contain traditional agricultural landscapes, which create suitable conditions for active rural tourism associated with creative tourism or agrotourism. There is also the promising possibility of cross-border cooperation with Hungary. However, the revenues from tourism do not reach the same level as in other, similar regions of Slovakia. The main failings of tourism development include the insufficient coordination of destination marketing organization stakeholders, lack of care for monuments, and underestimation of the potential of Roma culture and art production. However, analyzed state policy instruments on the promotion of tourism did not mitigate but rather exacerbated regional disparities in Slovakia.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF INVESTMENT AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEPRESSED REGIONS

Social and economic spheres of depressed regions develop unfavorably which, in its turn, leads to the negative pace of the national economy development. “Depressed regions” have a higher growth rate of investments in fixed capital per capita than Russian indicators, but the growth of investment does not cause unambiguous changes in the demographic indicators of development. All “depressed regions” are currently characterized by depopulation and a negative balance of interregional migration. Thus, despite the growth of investment, “depressed regions” are characterized by a reduction in labor and demographic potential. The problem of analyzing the relationship between investment and demographic factors in the development of “depressed regions” is not fully studied today, which undoubtedly affects the quality and effectiveness of decisions made by state authorities to overcome the depressive nature of their economies.

WPŁYW MIGRACJI NA LICZBĘ I STRUKTURĘ LUDNOŚCI WIELKICH MIAST


 
 
 The commencement of the 21st century was marked by a greater intensity of depopulation processes in Poland. From the demographic perspective, a decline in the population number is an outcome of the interaction of two factors: a negative natural increase and a negative balance of migration that may work separately or in tandem. When the level of the natural increase falls, migration, especially its balance, gains importance as a factor influencing the population size. In the early 21st century, population flows played a significant role in the growth of the populations in Warsaw, Krakow, and Wroclaw, whereas Poznań and Łódź saw an accelerated population loss. The purpose of the study was to assess the direct impact of migra- tion on the growth of populations in big Polish cities, as well as its indirect impact revealing itself through increased birth rates from migrants. The analysis spans the years 2002-2017 and uses data from publica- tions of the Central Statistical Office (Demographic Yearbooks) and from the Demografia database (http:// demografia.stat.gov.pl/bazademografia/).
 
 

Картографирование трансформационных процессов в этнодемографическом пространстве Крыма

The article presents and summarizes the results of mapping transformational processes in the demographic and ethno-confessional space of the Crimea. Map plots reflect the options for visualizing data on demographic, ethnic and religious processes in the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol over the past decades. The maps illustrate the dynamics of the population size and density, its natural movement, the balance of migration, marriage and divorce, territorial features of the settlement of large and small ethnic groups of the Crimea, the placement of religious buildings and religious communities on its territory. Maps of rural settlement and the appearance of villages with endangered populations were created and analyzed. The types of dynamics of demographic, ethnic and confessional situations in the Crimea are determined. The analysis of the peculiarities of the dynamics of the ethnodemographic space of the Crimea during the change of its political subjectivity is carried out. The main spatial patterns of the processes that form the modern portrait of the population of the Crimean Peninsula are revealed. The conclusion is made about the possibility of cartographic study of the demographic and ethno-confessional specifics of the territory after preliminary differentiation of socio-cultural processes within its boundaries into large-scale and local ones. This allows us to clarify not only the spatial, but also the essential markers of their occurrence. In modern Crimea, large-scale transformational socio-cultural processes should include all the reproductive and migration changes that are the result of demographic breakdowns that began in the 1990s. The processes of changing its ethnic and confessional spaces should be considered local in Crimea. Their mapping revealed the narrowing nature of such a phenomenon as the polyethnicity of the territory of the Crimean Peninsula. Cartographic study of socio-cultural processes in the Crimea confirmed the author’s hypothesis that the Crimean regional community has not completed the process of post-Soviet transformation and continues to support the development trends established at the end of the twentieth century.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ДЕТЕРМІНАНТ І ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ЗОВНІШНОЇ МІГРАЦІЇ НАСЕЛЕННЯ БІЛОРУСІ

The article considers the absolute and relative indicators of migration in Belarus, in particular the migration balance, migration turnover, the number of persons, who arrived in a certain territory of the country, the number of persons, who left the country, the arrival rate; coefficient of intensity of migration turnover; the coefficient of migratory growth intensity; migration efficiency ratio; relative balance of migration. The article also considers, that population migration significantly affects the socio-economic development of phenomena and processes occurring in the country. In addition, it is described that there are many reasons that motivate the population of a country to migrate, including economic, political, environmental, religious, force majeure circumstances etc. It is also noted that Belarus is one of the agrarian countries of Central and Eastern Europe, a post-Soviet country, which due to political instability in the country is the focus of many media and not only the media but also scientific and analytical publications. The main determinants of emigration and immigration of the population of Belarus are also described in the work. The determinants of emigration from Belarus are the creation of an unfavorable psychological climate for human capital development, political persecution, stable development. The determinants of immigration in Belarus are first of all that fact, that Belarus is industrial and agricultural country, then the fact, that in Belarus the prices for basic necessities are rather lower than in other post-Soviet countries and finally the country has developed industrial and social infrastructure. Absolute and relative indicators of population migration, as well as the average annual population of Belarus were also visualized. The article also analyzes the dynamics of the main indicators of population migration for the period 2001-20019, identifies the highest and lowest values of these indicators. The special attention is given to such indecies as coefficient of intensity of migration turnover; the coefficient of migratory growth intensity. The article also considers that the political crisis in Belarus, which began during the last election campaign in August 2020, will have a negative impact on the situation with a positive dynamics of labor immigration and on the intensity of migration, migration efficiency, etc.

THE ROLE OF POPULATION MIGRATION IN THE FORMATION OF LABOR RESOURCES OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

Based on the materials of state statistics, the article shows the actualization of the problem of replenishing labor resources in connection with the deterioration of the demographic situation in the country and the decline in the population of working age. In this situation, for solving this problem, the migration movement, which is an important source of the number and reproduction of labor resources, acquires an important role. Using the example of the Krasnodar Territory, the dynamics of migration processes from 2010 to 2019 are analyzed and the contribution of population migration to the growth of the labor force is determined. It is shown that during the period under review, the region retained a stable positive dynamics of migration growth and the main contribution to its formation was made by interregional migration, that is, population replacement and replenishment of the human resource occurred mainly due to migrants from other Russian regions. As a result of the migration movement, the Krasnodar Territory receives a significant increase in the number of workers, which, given the reduction in the proportion and absolute number of the working population, is a significant factor in the sustainable development of the region. Due to the long-term migration growth, the decrease in the absolute number of the working-age population began in the Kuban only in 2014, and the rate of its decline is significantly lower than both the national average and in the Southern Federal District as a whole. Over the past ten years, as a result of international and interregional migration exchange, the region has acquired 305 414 people of working age. In the structure of the region’s migration balance, this is the most numerous group, accounting for almost two-thirds of the average annual volume of net migration and being the demographic basis of the labor force.