Balance Condition Research Articles

Effect of capital market on economic growth: An analysis using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach

The limits testing method known as ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) examines Nigerian capital market improvement and monetary development. Relevant indicators about the capital market are taken into account during analysis while considering influencing factors as well. This study aims to explore the relationship between the capital market and financial development in Nigeria. The study’s theoretical framework, which is based on the ARDL framework, includes both short- and long-term dynamics. The data used in this analysis was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the World Bank database, and the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). In this study, the Nigerian All-Share Index, foreign direct investment, currency exchange rates, and inflation rates are the free factors, while the increase in GDP is the dependent factor. Through cointegration analysis using the ARDL framework, it was discovered that in Nigeria there’s a lengthy equilibrium correlation between economic expansion and financial development. The coefficients determined allow for a deeper understanding of how capital market factors affect economic growth over time. Furthermore, utilizing an error correction model derived from the ARDL analysis offers insight into both brief dynamics and modified speed toward reaching a lasting state of balance. By utilizing the ARDL approach, this study adds to the continuing discourse surrounding how capital markets impact growth in Nigeria. Its empirical evidence provides valuable knowledge for policymakers and stakeholders looking to utilize capital markets effectively toward achieving long-lasting economic development within the country.

Pluricanonical cycles and tropical covers

We extract a system of numerical invariants from logarithmic intersection theory on pluricanonical double ramification cycles, and show that these invariants exhibit a number of properties that are enjoyed by double Hurwitz numbers. Among their properties are (i) the numbers can be efficiently calculated by counts of tropical curves with a modified balancing condition, (ii) they are piecewise polynomial in the entries of the ramification vector, and (iii) they are matrix elements of operators on the Fock space. The numbers are extracted from the logarithmic double ramification cycle, which is a lift of the standard double ramification cycle to a blowup of the moduli space of curves. The blowup is determined by tropical geometry. We show that the traditional double Hurwitz numbers are intersections of the refined cycle with the cohomology class of a piecewise polynomial function on the tropical moduli space of curves. This perspective then admits a natural, combinatorially motivated, generalization to the pluricanonical setting. Tropical correspondence results for the new invariants lead immediately to the structural results for these numbers.

Designing Multi-axis Compliant Mechanisms with Lockable Decoupled Inputs: A Tip-tilt Case Study

Abstract This research is about designing multi-degree-of-freedom compliant mechanisms with decoupled inputs that can be independently locked/unlocked using bistable switches to achieve different combinations of Degrees Of Freedom (DOFs). A case study mechanism achieving two decoupled rotational DOFs (tip, tilt) is designed, fabricated, and characterized. It can be triggered using two pairs of bistable switches, achieving drastically different states of torsional stiffness for each DOF in four sets of DOF combinations — no DOFs, a tip DOF, a tilt DOF, and both tip, tilt DOFs. Bistability and stiffness cancellation principles are exploited to achieve the desired changes in stiffness. Two flexure elements can be identified – the switch providing a negative stiffness, and the Cross-Axis-Flexural-Pivot (CAFP) producing a positive stiffness. The mechanism is tuned to achieve static balancing, reaching a near-zero stiffness over much of its range. The pseudo-rigid-body-model and 2-dimensional (2D) Finite-Element-Model (FEM) are combined defining a fast method to dimension the system. The 3D FEM is simulated to validate obtained results. For each DOF, the system is tested in two configurations (stiff, compliant) for three cycles over a ±10° rotation, achieving a stiffness reduction of around 99%. Comparable stiffness values were measured after triggering the switches more than once, repetitively reaching the required two states of stiffness, confirming the system's usability in practical applications. The positive stiffness provided by the CAFP is measured and compared to the device's overall stiffness, highlighting the stiffness cancellation concept.

State-Space Basins for Monopedal Jumping with Stable Landing

Abstract Maintaining stability during jumping remains a challenge due to its hybrid dynamics. Despite recent advancements in the control of jumping robots, existing research lacks an accurate and comprehensive criterion for the stability of jumping. This study proposes a general criterion for jumping that incorporates the system’s nonlinear dynamics and environmental constraints. The stability basins are formulated as a state-space partition based on a rigorous definition extending the balanced state basin (BSB) concept, which has been validated as a stability criterion for biped robots in legged stance. A hybrid approach, using a combination of analytical and optimization methods, solves the flight and stance phases of jumping as independent sub-problems. The basins are computed for a monopedal jumping robot, Salto-1P, and validated with simulations. To demonstrate its general applicability, two distinct flight-to-stance tasks are considered: targeted jumping and cat-like righting. Analysis of each task’s stability basins and the landing BSB reveals the inherent trade-offs between stability and the task requirements for variations in the initial state variables such as speed, orientation, and height. The stability basins represent the system’s fundamental controller-independent stability characteristics and can be applied to the mechanical design, control, and fall prediction of jumping robots.

Motor delay image recognition based on deep learning and human skeleton model

Children with developmental delays often exhibit gross motor delay during their early childhood. Identifying such delay typically requires standardized assessments, but these assessments are susceptible to subjective interpretation. To enhance objectivity and reliability in these assessments, this study proposes a novel method utilizing an AI model for identifying gross motor delay in children. The proposed method divides the assessment of gross motor skills into two components: static balance and dynamic balance. First, the Yolo target detection model and the Mediapipe human posture detection model are employed for preprocessing to determine skeletal joints and body positioning information. Subsequently, dimensionality reduction techniques are applied to extract key features. A sliding window method is then used to extract action features identifying static balance features of the human body (e.g., standing on one foot, standing on the left foot) and dynamic balance features (e.g., lifting the heels while walking, jumping on a mat). The machine learning classifier and LSTM-CNN are then used to categorize the static and dynamic balance feature data. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved accuracy scores of 80 % and 87 % for static and dynamic balancing skills, respectively.

Current Status of Nursing Home Distribution in China: ANational Cross-Sectional Study.

Population aging is a challenge that the whole world is facing, especially in China. This study aims to investigate the current distribution status of nursing homes in China using spatial epidemiology methods. Cross-sectional study in China. The data were obtained from the Integrated Civil Affairs Government Service Platform 'China County Statistical Yearbook' for 2020 and the 'China City Statistical Yearbook' for 2020. Using global Moran's index to test the clustering of nursing homes, inter-group and intra-group Theil index was utilised to differentiate the sources of differences. The coupling coordination analysis was conducted to explore the coordination. Geographically weighted regression was utilised to investigate the impact of economic development and aging on nursing home resources. All analyses were conducted by Arcgis 10.8 and R Studio 4.3.2. Global Moran's index indicated that the distribution of nursing homes in China exhibited clustering. The Theil index values for institutions and beds at the national county were 0.32450 and 0.30675. However, upon comparing provinces and regions, it was found that the differences across the country mainly stem from within provinces (contribution rate: institutions 65.0%; beds 73.0%) and within regions (contribution rate: institutions 99.0%; beds 91.0%). The majority of districts and counties had a coupling coordination index of institutions and bed numbers, both of which were < 0.5. The development of nursing home resources in China has been rapid, generally presenting a balanced state, but further optimisation is needed. This study established a foundation for the targeted distribution of essential public services, focusing on nursing home healthcare resources tailored to the needs of older persons. The study underscored the urgent need for targeted elderly care policies, emphasising the optimisation of resource distribution to enhance the overall quality of care provided to the aging population. The study did not involve humans.

Analysis of the employment structure of ukraine’s population during the war

Structural shifts in employment in the modern Ukrainian economy are caused by factors such as the military situation, technological progress, demographic changes, and economic instability. These changes affect the sectoral, gender, and regional distribution of workers and require adaptation from labor market participants and social policies to ensure the stability and efficiency of employment. Addressing structural shifts in employment in Ukraine requires a comprehensive approach, which includes stimulating the development of new economic sectors, supporting entrepreneurship, modernizing education and training, and providing social protection for workers during reorientation and retraining processes. Such an approach will help achieve a balanced state of supply and demand in the labor market, thereby ensuring long-term societal protection and well-being.

Generalization of Biasing Particle Insertion and Deletion for Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation.

A general formulation of biasing particle insertion/deletion for the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is presented. The proposed formulation unifies the concepts of the conventional cavity- and configurational-type biasing techniques and modifies a cavity biasing method to strictly satisfy the detailed balance condition. Numerical examples of this modified cavity bias method are presented for Lennard-Jones fluid and hydrogen adsorption on a platinum surface. The results obtained using this method are compared with those obtained using various GCMC methods. Furthermore, a rigorous on-the-fly on-lattice GCMC simulation for surface adsorption is formulated and performed for comparison. The numerical examples clearly demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed formulation.

Exploring the effects of naringenin on cell functioning and energy synthesis in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats with chronic tinnitus, by examining genetic indicators such as Bax, Bcl-2, Tfam, and Pgc-1α

BackgroundThe pivotal factors, including neural plasticity, oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and apoptosis, play a significant role in the pathogenesis of tinnitus. The balance between Bax/Bcl-2 genes is an important factor in determining the rate of apoptosis. Pgc-1α and Tfam genes are fundamental regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Naringenin possesses significant antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antiviral properties, and its compounds are effective on cell signaling pathways. AimsIn light of the aforementioned information, we endeavored to evaluate the impact of naringenin on the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Pgc-1α, and Tfam genes in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats with chronic tinnitus. Material and MethodsTo demonstrate the existence of tinnitus, all rats were instructed to complete an “active avoidance test” utilizing a conditioning box. The expression levels of genes mentioned above were assessed using real-time PCR. ResultsThe sodium salicylate at a dosage of 350 mg/kg showed an upregulation in the expression level of Bax and a downregulation in the expression level of the Bcl-2 gene (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the sodium salicylate displayed significantly higher expression levels of Tfam and Pgc-1α (p < 0.001) genes. The naringenin, at a dose of 100 mg/kg, led to a decrease in Bax gene expression (p < 0.05) and an increase in Bcl-2 gene expression (p < 0.05). On the other hand, naringenin restored the expression level of both Tfam (p < 0.001) and Pgc-1α (p < 0.01) genes. ConclusionsOur research findings demonstrate that sodium salicylate-induced tinnitus leads to enhanced apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis within the hippocampus. Additionally, our evidence recommends that naringenin can reduce apoptosis effectively and maintain a balanced mitochondrial state.

Ketogenic diet - A gateway to optimize aerobic and anaerobic athletic performance

This narrative review aims to highlight the effect of the Ketogenic diet on aerobic and anaerobic athletic performance. This paper adopts a narrative approach exposing the results of approximately 40 earlier studies to define the scope of applying the ketogenic diet as a nutritional therapy, aiming to aid recovery from fatigue or muscle damage caused by exercise and to increase aerobic and anaerobic performance. A ketogenic diet appears better suited for lower-intensity physical activities conducted in a balanced or moderate state of energy demand. However, there is a lack of consensus on its compatibility with strength exercises that require maximal bursts of energy. These investigations should explore its effects on performance, health, and body composition compared to other dietary approaches. Ultimately, a better understanding of the ketogenic diet's benefits and limitations will help athletes and individuals make informed decisions about its adoption for optimizing their health and athletic goals. Keywords: Injuries, ketogenic, ketosis, aerobic exercises, anaerobic exercises, muscle damage

Human foot force informs balance control strategies when standing on a narrow beam.

Despite the abundance of studies on the control of standing balance, insights about the roles of biomechanics and neural control have been limited. Previous work introduced an analysis combining the direction and orientation of foot-ground forces. The "intersection point" of the lines of actions of these forces exhibited a consistent pattern across healthy, young subjects when computed for different frequency components of the center of pressure signal. To investigate the control strategy of quiet stance, we applied this intersection point analysis to experimental data of 15 healthy, young subjects balancing in tandem stance on a narrow beam and on the ground. Data from the sagittal and frontal planes were analyzed separately. The task was modeled as a double-inverted pendulum controlled by an optimal controller with torque-actuated ankle and hip joints and additive white noise. To test our prediction that the controller that minimized overall joint effort would yield the best fit across the tested conditions and planes of analyses, experimental results were compared with simulation outcomes. The controller that minimized overall effort produced the best fit in both balance conditions and planes of analyses. For some conditions, the relative penalty on the hip and ankle joints varied in a way relevant to the balance condition or to the plane of analysis. These results suggest that unimpaired quiet balance in a challenging environment can be best described by a controller that maintains minimal effort through the adjustment of relative ankle and hip joint torques. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study explored balance control in humans during a challenging task using the novel intersection point analysis, based on foot-ground force direction and point of application. Experimental data of subjects standing on a narrow beam in tandem stance were compared with modeling results of a double-inverted pendulum. The analysis showed that individuals minimized effort by adjusting ankle and hip torques, shedding light on the interplay of biomechanics and neural control in maintaining balance.

Experimental investigation on the design of a three-phase power factor corrector utilizing a SEPIC converter

A new configuration for a three-phase electric vehicle (EV) charger based on the Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) topology. The proposed charger operates as a power factor correction (PFC) converter, offering both step-up (boost) and step-down (buck) functions, enabling efficient adaptation to different input voltage levels while ensuring a stable DC output. By incorporating closed-loop current control and fast-switching regulation, the system attains unity power factor, which helps to reduce power losses and improve overall power quality. A unique control technique is proposed to regulate input current under unbalanced voltage conditions, ensuring reliable operation and high efficiency even during grid fluctuations. Simulations using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that, in unbalanced voltage scenarios, the control method maintain stable input current shaping, highlighting the system’s resilience. The results validate the SEPIC-based EV charger’s ability to consistently deliver efficient charging performance in both balanced and unbalanced voltage conditions, while achieving unity power factor and stable voltage regulation.

Study on the inlet backflow characteristics and particle deposition of screw mixed-flow deep-sea mining pump under small flow conditions

Abstract When a screw mixed-flow deep-sea mining pump operates under small flow conditions, significant backflow occurs at the impeller inlet and in the inlet pipe, which seriously affects the pump performance. To investigate this backflow characteristic, this paper presents a numerical study of the internal flow field of the mining pump based on the CFD-DEM coupling method. The flow state at the impeller inlet, the velocity distribution law in the inlet pipe, and the particle motion state under the flow rate condition of 0.52Qd are obtained. The results show that, when the pump operates under small flow conditions, the leakage from the tip gap of the impeller head causes a screw high-speed backflow with the same rotation direction as the impeller on the wall of the inlet pipe. The backflow intensity attenuates as it propagates towards the pump inlet. The backflow mixes with the main flow in the middle of the pipe and reaches a balanced state, which causes the particles to deposit here. The deposition process can be divided into a formation stage and a stable stage. When the particles in the middle of the pipe reach the stable stage, their shape and position become stable. The velocity pulsation of the monitoring points near the wall is periodic, and its pulsation frequency is the same as the impeller rotation frequency.

Mechanism for Correcting the Imbalance in the Agricultural Trade Balance and the Relationship with Economic growth in Iraq for the period (2000-2022)

The research touches on one of the most important economic indicators, which is the agricultural trade balance index and its relationship to economic growth in Iraq. Although Iraq has the potential to promote the agricultural sector to be the main economic sector, the reality in Iraq does not reflect this. The agricultural sector has deteriorated significantly in recent decades, reflected in the state of the trade balance, which remained in deficit throughout the period (2000-2020), despite the fact that the total trade balance was in surplus throughout the aforementioned period due to reliance on the export of only one raw material, crude oil. The study found that the trade balance suffers from chronic imbalances that have weakened its impact on economic growth in Iraq.

Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Urgency in Young Adults

This study intended to inspect the relationship of urgency (positive and negative) and social media addiction (SMA) in young adults. The study also explored the gender differences on SMA and urgency. Two of the proposed hypotheses were put into testing, i.e., i) There is a relationship between SMA and urgency among young adults, and ii) There are gender differences in SMA and urgency. This research used a correlational research design and convenience sampling strategy. A sample of 300 university students was collected that included 150 males and 150 females age ranging between 18-25 years (M= 19.03, SD= 3.29). The data was collected in person through a self-constructed demographic questionnaire, Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS), and Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) Impulsive Behavior Scale. The data was analyzed through SPSS software and Pearson correlation along with independent sample t-test were employed to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between urgency and SMA among young adults, however, no significant gender differences were found in urgency, social media addiction, and their subscales. This study urges young adults to limit social media use to prevent psychological dependence that can harm both productivity and mental well-being. It highlights the tendency of individuals to turn to social media as an escape when overwhelmed by emotional states, often sharing more than they would in a more balanced state of mind. This emotional oversharing can lead to unintended consequences, impacting personal and professional lives.

Validation of the Mediating Effect of Parenting Stress in the Relationship between Work-Family Strains and Gains and Marital Satisfaction for Fathers in Korea.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between Korean fathers' work-family strains and gains and marital satisfaction and to validate the mediating effect of parenting stress in the relationship. This study used the 14th-year survey data of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education (KICCE), the latest available data. The PSKC is a longitudinal study of children's growth and development from birth in the Republic of Korea. After excluding datasets containing missing values from the data collected from 2150 respondents, the data were extracted from the survey responses collected from 1130 respondents, and descriptive statistical analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect analysis were conducted. First, Korean fathers' work-family strains had a positive (+) influence on parenting stress (β = 0.658, p < 0.001). Second, Korean fathers' work-family strains had a negative (-) influence on marital satisfaction (β = -0.185, p < 0.001). Third, Korean fathers' work-family gains did not have a statistically significant influence on parenting stress (β = 0.016, p = 0.632). Fourth, Korean fathers' work-family gains had a positive (+) influence on marital satisfaction (β = 0.381, p < 0.001). Fifth, Korean fathers' parenting stress did not have a statistically significant influence on marital satisfaction (β = 0.011, p = 0.783). Sixth, the indirect effect of work-family strains on marital satisfaction via parenting stress (β = 0.013, 95% Bias-corrected CI = -0.042∼0.075) was statistically significant, and specifically, it had a partial mediating effect. Seventh, the indirect effect of work-family gains on marital satisfaction via parenting stress (β = 0.028, 95% Bias-corrected CI = 0.005∼0.051) was statistically significant, and specifically, it had a partial mediating effect. This study aims to provide the basic data for various family support policies for fathers by understanding the current status of work-family balance for fathers in modern society, as well as by examining the effects of parenting stress in the relationship with marital satisfaction.

The role of mice tails in response to external and self-generated balance perturbations on the roll plane.

Chordate tails exhibit considerable morphological and functional diversity, with variations in length, diameter and texture adapted to various ecological roles. While some animals, including humans, have lost or reduced their tails, many vertebrates retain and use their tails for activities such as balancing, climbing, and escaping predators. This study investigates how laboratory mice (Mus musculus) use their tails to maintain balance when dealing with external and self-generated perturbations. Mice crossed platforms of different widths, while responding to roll-plane tilts. Our findings show that mice swing their tails to counteract external roll perturbations, generating angular momentum to stabilize themselves. Mice were also found to use active (dynamic stabilizer) and passive (counterweight) tail movement strategies when locomoting on narrow platforms. The results suggest that the tail is a core component of mouse locomotion, especially in challenging balancing conditions.

The natural law and positivist approaches to legal understanding in the context of revealing the category of legal personality of professional participants in capital markets

This article aims to analyze the main philosophical concepts used in understanding the legal category of legal personality and to conduct a descriptive study of the concepts related to this category that prevail in domestic science. The author of the article substantiates the position that the approaches to the theoretical and legal developments of the category of universal legal personality of legal entities should be based on the natural law type of legal understanding. At the same time, the article analyzes domestic authors’ approaches to understanding the legal category of legal personality and compares these approaches with those prevailing in Western countries. Furthermore, the author attempts to justify the expediency of distinguishing exclusive legal personality, given the positivist approach that underlies the construction of the model of the exclusive type of legal personality of professional participants in capital markets. In our opinion, establishing the exclusive legal personality of legal entities is a state-imposed limitation on their universal legal capacity, such as the ability to participate in certain civil-law relations, considering the social importance of the type of activity carried out by these entities. After all, the proper functioning of capital markets is crucial to the financial stability of the country. Capital markets, along with commodity markets, directly influence the formation of exchange rates by attracting foreign investment into the country’s economy. They can also act as a catalyst for economic growth by accumulating financial resources from the population to create capital-intensive productions with high value-added end products. However, achieving such results depends on the balanced state policy in the field of regulating the activities of professional participants in capital markets. To limit the speculative nature of such entities and ensure sustainable economic development, the scope of their legal capacity is narrowed by directly specifying in the law the types of activities they are permitted to engage in.

Autonomic nervous system activity correlates with peak experiences induced by DMT and predicts increases in well-being.

Non-ordinary states of consciousness induced by psychedelics can be accompanied by so-called "peak experiences," characterized at the emotional level by their intensity and positive valence. These experiences are strong predictors of positive outcomes following psychedelic-assisted therapy, and it is therefore important to better understand their biology. Despite growing evidence that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in mediating emotional experiences, its involvement in the psychedelic experience is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent changes in the relative influence of the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous systems (PNS) over cardiac activity may reflect the subjective experience induced by the short-acting psychedelic N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT). We derived measures of SNS and PNS activity from the electrocardiograms of 17 participants (11 males, mean age = 33.8 years, SD = 8.3) while they received either DMT or placebo. Results show that the joint influence of SNS and PNS ("sympathovagal coactivation") over cardiac activity was positively related to participants' ratings of "Spiritual Experience" and "Insightfulness" during the DMT experience, while also being related to improved well-being scores 2 weeks after the session. In addition, we found that the state of balance between the two ANS branches ("sympathovagal balance") before DMT injection predicted scores of "Insightfulness" during the DMT experience, as well as subsequent sympathovagal coactivation. These findings demonstrate the involvement of the ANS in psychedelic-induced peak experiences and may pave the way to the development of biofeedback-based tools to enhance psychedelic therapy.

Intricate DG and EV Planning Impact Assessment with Seasonal Variation in a Three-Phase Distribution System

Modern power systems present opportunities and challenges when integrating distributed generation and electric vehicle charging stations into unbalanced distribution networks. The performance and efficiency of both Distributed Generation (DG) and Electric Vehicle (EV) infrastructure are significantly affected by global temperature variation characteristics, which are taken into consideration in this study as it investigates the effects of these integrations. This scenario is further complicated by the unbalanced structure of distribution networks, which introduces inequalities that can enhance complexity and adverse effects. This paper analyzes the manner in which temperature changes influence the network operational voltage profile, power quality, energy losses, greenhouse harmful emissions, cost factor, and active and reactive power losses using analytical and heuristic techniques in the IEEE 69 bus network in both three-phase balance and modified unbalanced load conditions. In order to maximize adaptability and efficiency while minimizing the adverse impacts on the unbalanced distribution system, the findings demonstrate significant variables to take into account while locating the optimal location and size of DG and EV charging stations. To figure out the objective, three-phase distribution load flow is utilized by the particle swarm optimization technique. Greenhouse gas emissions dropped by 61.4%, 64.5%, and 60.98% in each of the three temperature case circumstances, while in the modified unbalanced condition, they dropped by 57.55%, 60.39%, and 62.79%. In balanced conditions, energy loss costs are reduced by 95.96%, 96.01%, and 96.05%, but in unbalanced conditions, they are reduced by 91.79%, 92.06%, and 92.46%. The outcomes provide valuable facts that electricity companies, decision-makers, along with other energy sector stakeholders may utilize to formulate strategies that adapt to the fluctuating patterns of electricity distribution during fluctuations in global temperature under balanced and unbalanced conditions of network.