Baker Library Research Articles

Upstairs, downstairs: public service initiatives at Baker Library

Describes the planning and implementation of two concurrent systems reorganizations, undertaken at the Baker Library, Harvard Business School (HBS), Massachusetts. The first initiative involved the merging of the Reference and Circulation functions to create an Information Services Center, with the aim of providing a single point of contact for users and allowing triage by library staff of the most commonly asked questions: directional or reference. The second initiative involved the merging of two interdependent departments separated physically by two floors within the building: Corporate Information and the ‘Cole Room’; with the aim of enabling library staff from the two departments to work together and providing closer proximity of the library collections and the experts who manage them. The change was also seen as a means of creating a ‘laboratory space’ in which to practise a service delivery model and design the optimal space for the new library interior to come.

Not Just Business as Usual: Evolving Trends in Historical Research at Baker Library

Since its founding, Baker Library has collected rare and unique materials to support the curriculum of the Harvard Business School. Today, Baker Library holds one of the preeminent collections of historical materials on business history and economic philosophy in the world. Included in the collections are manuscripts, rare books, pamphlets, broadsides, photographs, prints, trade catalogs, trade cards, and annual reports. The earliest records extend back to the banking and patronage activities of the Medici family in the fifteenth century. Harvard Business School students and faculty as well as leaders in the field have used this resource material to learn from the experiences of the past and to understand the historical development of business functions. More recently, however, the material has also been drawing ever-increasing numbers of international students and scholars from a broad range of disciplines, such as cultural anthropology, ethnic and gender studies, industrial archaeology, sociology, fine and decorative arts, maritime history, and engineering. This essay presents an overview of the Baker Library collection, traces changing uses and users, and reviews current plans for the future of the collection and its place within the Harvard Business School and the wider world of American business history.

Field Theory as a Basis for Scholarly Consulting

Journal of Social IssuesVolume 53, Issue 4 p. 811-827 Kurt Lewin Award Lecture, 1997 Field Theory as a Basis for Scholarly Consulting Chris Argyris, Corresponding Author Chris Argyris Harvard University CHRIS ARGYRIS is the James Bryant Conant Professor of Organizational Behavior and Education, Emeritus, at Harvard University. He is the recipient of the Gold Medal for Lifetime Contributions to the Application of Psychology as well as 10 honorary doctorates. Recently, the “Chris Argyris Chair in the Social Psychology of Organization” was established in his honor in the Department of Psychology, Yale University.Graduate School of Business, Baker Library 260, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02163.Search for more papers by this author Chris Argyris, Corresponding Author Chris Argyris Harvard University CHRIS ARGYRIS is the James Bryant Conant Professor of Organizational Behavior and Education, Emeritus, at Harvard University. He is the recipient of the Gold Medal for Lifetime Contributions to the Application of Psychology as well as 10 honorary doctorates. Recently, the “Chris Argyris Chair in the Social Psychology of Organization” was established in his honor in the Department of Psychology, Yale University.Graduate School of Business, Baker Library 260, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02163.Search for more papers by this author First published: 09 April 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02463.xCitations: 21 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume53, Issue4Winter 1997Pages 811-827 RelatedInformation

Kurt Lewin Award Lecture, 1997 Field Theory as a Basis for Scholarly Consulting

Journal of Social IssuesVolume 53, Issue 4 p. 811-827 Kurt Lewin Award Lecture, 1997 Field Theory as a Basis for Scholarly Consulting Chris Argyris, Corresponding Author Chris Argyris Harvard University CHRIS ARGYRIS is the James Bryant Conant Professor of Organizational Behavior and Education, Emeritus, at Harvard University. He is the recipient of the Gold Medal for Lifetime Contributions to the Application of Psychology as well as 10 honorary doctorates. Recently, the “Chris Argyris Chair in the Social Psychology of Organization” was established in his honor in the Department of Psychology, Yale University.Graduate School of Business, Baker Library 260, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02163.Search for more papers by this author Chris Argyris, Corresponding Author Chris Argyris Harvard University CHRIS ARGYRIS is the James Bryant Conant Professor of Organizational Behavior and Education, Emeritus, at Harvard University. He is the recipient of the Gold Medal for Lifetime Contributions to the Application of Psychology as well as 10 honorary doctorates. Recently, the “Chris Argyris Chair in the Social Psychology of Organization” was established in his honor in the Department of Psychology, Yale University.Graduate School of Business, Baker Library 260, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02163.Search for more papers by this author First published: 09 April 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1997.tb02463.xCitations: 21 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume53, Issue4Winter 1997Pages 811-827 RelatedInformation

The World of Rural Dissenters, 1520-1725 (review)

Book Reviews63 Women in Seventeenth-Century Quakerism." Wilcox's painstaking organization reflects the structure ofher underlying thesis, which is that eschatology (beliefin the imminent fulfillment of history with the Second Coming of Christ) was central to early Quaker belief; and that the eschatological vision justified and encouraged the active participation ofearly Quaker women. Like their Puritan and sectarian contemporaries, the early Quakers were serious readers of the Bible, and were energized by a theology that focused on the history ofCreation, Fall, Redemption, and Restoration. Quakers were set apart, however, by their spiritualized interpretation of biblical scripture and Christian eschatology. Steeped as they were in biblical scriptures, they believed that the revealed Word was of a higher order; and that this revelation of Truth was the key to unlocking the true meaning of scripture. Their beliefin the Second Coming was not a literal expectation that Christ would personally descend from Heaven in a cloud ofglory. Rather, early Quakers considered the Second Coming ofChrist to be fulfilled in the outpouring oflightamong themselves, which they understood to be "the eschatological presence of Christ in the heart." Wilcox argues that early Quakers drew upon their theology, with its spiritualized eschatology, to overturn scriptural and cultural taboos against female participation. Yet the impediments of history were not entirely transcended. Reinterpretations ofPaul's stricture against women speaking in church, for example, make "women" a metaphor for "the flesh," or for the unredeemed among men and women. This revisionist exegesisjustified femaleprophecy, butit also encumbered womenwithnegative associations. Wilcox is sensitive to the radical vision of the early Quakers as well as to the diversity within the movement, and its transformation in the latter half of the seventeenth century. She argues against a traditional school of historiography, which tended to view Quaker theology as monolithic and unchanging over time. Her thesis does in fact support much of modern scholarship in the field of early Quaker history. Wilcox's important contribution to the field of Quaker scholarship is her rediscovery of theology at the heart of the movement. Harvard UniversityBarbara Ritter Dailey Baker Library The World ofRural Dissenters, 1520-1725. Ed. by Margaret Spufford. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. xx + 459 pp. Illustrations, maps, tables, appendixes, notes, and indexes. 64Quaker History This important collection of essays focuses on communities in the Chilterns in south Buckinghamshire and the borderland of southeast Cambridgeshire. It is a welcome addition to the fields oflocal and religious history in which Margaret Spufford has already made significant contributions . Although conclusions are not always supported by sufficient evidence (e.g., that John Raven, d. 1599, was a puritan, p.24), these studies by the editor, Eric Carlson, Michael Frearson, Christopher Marsh, Derek Plumb, Peter Spufford, Tessa Watt, and others provide highly useful quantification and analysis enlivened by well-selected anecdotal materials. Readers of Quaker History will be most interested in Bill Stevenson's essays on the social integration of post-Restoration dissenters and their social and economic status, and inNesta Evans' "The Descent ofDissenters in the Chiltern Hundreds." Stevenson argues that post-Restoration Quakers were more integrated with and accepted by external communities than often thought. His evidence supports similar observations by Craig Horle (The Quaker and the English Legal System 1660-1688, 1988) and Richard Greaves (Albion 24 [1992]: 237-59). Stevenson also proposes useful correctives to the earlier work ofRichard T. Vann (Past andPresent 43 [1969]: 71-91) by arguing that the social-economic status of early Quakers was lower than Vann thought, and that their status improved, rather than declined. However, in contrasting his own results with Vann's and in concluding that dissenters came from all classes "except for the nobility and the vagrant poor" (p.357), the author might have (1) acknowledged that Vann also concluded, "Quakerism at the beginning drew adherents from all classes of society except the very highest and the very lowest." (The Social Development of English Quakerism 1655-1755, 1969, p.73), and (2) taken into account Vann's more recent demographic study of Friends (1992, with David Eversley). In addition, Stevenson and the editor confusingly juxtapose Open Baptists and General Baptists, failing to note the distinction between them and that the former constituted only a tiny minority...

Doing business on the Internet: advertising

Business in cyberspace has become a global reality. This is fuelled by intelligent technology and ever-expanding electronic networks and business processes. One area of business on the Internet that is growing exponentially is marketing of products and services. Below are some selected excerpts of marketing ventures on the Internet taken from TRADEWINDS: a monthly round-up of Internet coverage in trade and industry magazines, published by Baker Library, Harvard Business School.

The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society by James R. Beniger

326 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE sometimes seem to play the same role in intra-RCA rivalries that the Soviets do in contests among AEC laboratories. What is more inter­ esting, however, is that attention to the consumer side fills in our picture of U.S. high technology and that Graham’s delineation of the relations among RCA’s managers and divisions suggests research di­ rections worth carrying over into studies of government R&D. Graham elected to let chapters 4—10 go mainly unfootnoted on the assumption that RCA documents would not be accessible to other historians. She has deposited at the archives of the Baker Library at Harvard Business School an index to the company materials, a few ofthe documents themselves, her set ofinterview tapes (some ofwhich are restricted), and two long manuscripts, also unfootnoted but full of technical and organizational details that complement the book. Joan Bromberg Dr. Bromberg is writing a book on laser and maser R&D in the United States from 1950 to 1970. The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Infor­ mation Society. By James R. Beniger. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. x + 493; illustrations, tables, bibliog­ raphy, index. $25.00. James R. Beniger has written a major synthesis of the history and origins of the information society. Drawing on hundreds of studies in business history, social science, and the history of technology, The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society joins a growing body of research in the history of information technology and computers. Beniger challenges the popular position that the information society emerged with recent developments in computer and telecommunications technologies by arguing that the information society was an outgrowth of a “crisis of control” spawned by the Industrial Revolution in the mid-19th century. The sociological tradition of structural functionalism provides the framework for Beniger’s analysis. For structural functionalists, the central “problem” for complex societies is one of “integration,” “the growing need for coordination of functions that accompanies differ­ entiation and specialization in any system” (p. 11). In The Control Revolution, national economies are understood as material-processing systems engaged in the functions of extraction, reorganization, and distribution of environmental inputs for the purpose of final con­ sumption. Information processing plays a pivotal role in material­ processing systems. Just as is the case with “living systems,” a society’s methods for communicating and processing information provide the central mechanisms for maintaining order. TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 327 Beniger argues that up until the last century, economic functions were carried out essentially at a human pace and individual workers were able to provide the necessary information processing to integrate the production, distribution, and consumption of goods. With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the acceleration of society’s material­ processing system precipitated a crisis of control: the techniques for information processing and communication were no longer capable of integrating the economic functions of society. The problem first emerged in the railroads as a “safety crisis,” fol­ lowed by the railroads’ continuing difficulties controlling their vast systems. It then spread to distribution, where the proliferating net­ works of grain elevators and warehouses precipitated problems with control over the growing commerce in grain. Simultaneously, the crisis emerged in the sphere of production where the rail, iron, copper, zinc, and glass manufacturers struggled to control the increasing pace of production. Finally, in the 1880s, it reached the arena of con­ sumption where firms that adopted continuous-processing technol­ ogies confronted the necessity to stimulate consumption, differentiate products, and build brand loyalty. Resolution of the crisis necessitated radical new means of infor­ mation and communication processing, in short, a control revolution. At the center of the innovations that emerged to contain the crisis were formal bureaucracies—impersonal structures that processed in­ formation according to a predetermined set of rules. The centrali­ zation of bureaucracy, together with technological innovations such as refrigerated railcars, resolved the crisis of control in transportation. Innovations designed to facilitate the flow of inputs and outputs— such as interchangeable parts and continuous-processing technolo­ gies—alleviated the problem in production. Innovations such as the telegraph, the telephone, and the postal system provided solutions in distribution. And developments such...

Toward a National Collecting Policy for Business History: The View from Baker Library

In this article, the curator of manuscripts and archives at the Harvard Business School's Baker Library discusses the opportunities and difficulties confronting present-day archivists as they seek to establish rational collecting policies for their repositories. Ms. Lathrop first describes the past focus of Baker Library's collection decisions and the strengths to which those emphases have led. She then discusses some areas of less comprehensive coverage, as well as the general problems archivists face in dealing with twentieth-century materials. She points out that collecting gaps tend to be replicated among other repositories, a situation leading her to believe that a national collecting policy, developed by both historians and archivists, is necessary to ensure the widest possible documentation of the varieties of American business history.

PAUL STURGES. A bibliography of George Poulett Scrope Geologist, economist and local historian. Kress Library Publication No. 24. 1984. Pp 84. Price $8.00 (£8.50). Available from Publications Office, Baker Library, Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field, Boston, Ma. 02163, USA; or Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Museum, 41 Long Street, Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 INS, UK.

PAUL STURGES. <i>A bibliography of George Poulett Scrope Geologist, economist and local historian.</i> Kress Library Publication No. 24. 1984. Pp 84. Price $8.00 (£8.50). Available from Publications Office, Baker Library, Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field, Boston, Ma. 02163, USA; or Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Museum, 41 Long Street, Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 INS, UK.

Are the Fireflies Ghosts?

flew like banners from the bamboo poles above her balcony. Ursula wrote anecdotal accounts for German newspapers about her language teaching experience. She used to say that if you stayed in China for three weeks you'd write a book, and if you were there for three months you'd turn out an article, but if you stayed for a year, you'd find it hard to write anything. She was right. The truths were too hidden, too intricate, too deep for me to dig them up with my little made-in-the-U.S.A. shovel. Actually I didn't go to excavate truths about China anyway. I went to teach American literature and English composition to students who, as it turned out, thought Jack London's novels were still inciting revolution in the American ghettoes and that Americans charged their parents when they came to dinner. I suppose I also expected, like many another American, to front the essential facts of in the woods of the other side of the world, and see what life to First, however, I myself had to learn how and what to teach. The educational facts of life at Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute were, as I had expected, different from those at Dartmouth, where I teach in the U.S., but I hadn't anticipated how upside-down, how disorienting the changes would be, even the more superficial ones. Dartmouth, for example, has about 4,000 outstanding undergraduates, male and female, whose annual college costs amount to about $14,000. Guangzhou Foreign Language Institute has about 1,000 outstanding un dergraduates, male and female, whose annual college costs amount to about $80. Baker Library has 1.5 million volumes; the Guangzhou library might have had as many as 15,000. I counted 26 sports in the Dartmouth General Information Bulletin; at Guangzhou teachers, staff, students, and anybody else from the political unit who wanted to join in played soccer, basketball, badminton, track, tug-of-war, and ping pong. Dartmouth students live in singles, doubles, suites, or off-campus hous ing. Guangzhou students live six to an 8 x 15-foot room. Dartmouth

Business Records at the Harvard Business School

The preservation and study of unpublished business records has long been one of business history's most distinctive contributions to scholarship. To provide a forum for archivists and historians to share their knowledge of specific archival collections, the Review has commissioned a series of essays on archival history and research opportunities. In this essay, the first in the series, Ms. Florence Bartoshesky, curator of manuscripts and archives at the Harvard Business School's Baker Library, reviews the history of this major collection of business records.

Eyewitness by Proxy: Nelson M. Beckwith's Evaluation of Garibaldi, September 1861

EYEWITNESS BY PROXY: NELSON M. BECKWITH'S EVALUATION OF GARIBALDI, SEPTEMBER 1861 Joseph A. Fry During the late summer of 1861, President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of State William Henry Seward offered Giuseppe Garibaldi a command in the Union army. Henry S. Sanford, the United States minister resident to Belgium, traveled to Italy in August and ultimately proffered the rank of major general to the old Italian hero. Garibaldi, whose ambitions focused on the capture of Rome rather than Richmond , declined, saying he would accept nothing less than the position of commander-in-chief together with the discretionary authority to emancipate the slaves. This bizarre episode has stirred the interest of historians for more than seventy years.1 By editing a September 1861 letter from Nelson M. Beckwith to Paul S. Forbes, Professor Herbert Zettl has provided the most recent scholarly commentary on the incident .2 Beckwith, an American businessman residing in Paris, claimed to have accompanied his friend Sanford to Italy, and he rendered a detailed report of the trip, a penetrating and unflattering evaluation of Garibaldi and avivid description of the famed guerrilla fighter's humble household. The author wishes to thank Richard H. K. Vietor, who helped secure a copy of the original Beckwith correspondence with Forbes, and also Paul E. Burns and Thomas C. Wright for reading and commenting on the manuscript. 1 H. Nelson Gay, "Lincoln's Offer of a Command to Garibaldi: Light on a Disputed Point of History," Century Magazine 75 (Nov. 1907): 63-74; Charles F. Adams, Jr., "Lincoln's Offer to Garibaldi," Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, 3d ser., 1 (1908): 321; Charles C. Tansill, "A Secret Chapter in Civil War History," Thought: Fordham University Quarterly 15 (June 1940): 215-24; Howard R. Marraro, "Lincoln's Offer of a Command to Garibaldi: Further Light on a Disputed Point ofHistory,"Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 36 (Sept. 1943): 237-70; R. J. Amundson, "Sanford and Garibaldi," Civil WarHistory 16 (Mar. 1968) :40-45;JosephA. Fry, "The Messenger to Garibaldi: Henry S. Sanford and the Offer of a Union Command to Giuseppe Garibaldi," Essays in History 17 (1972-73): 37-50; Herbert Mitgang, "Garibaldi and Lincoln," American Heritage 26 (Oct. 1975): 34-39, 98-101; Herbert Zettl, ed., "Garibaldi and the American Civil War," CivU War History 22 (Mar. 1976): 70-76. 2 Zettl, "Garibaldi and the American Civil War," pp. 70-76; the original ofthis letter is in the Forbes Collection, Gl-19, Baker Library, Harvard University. Civil War History, Vol. XXVIII, No. 1 Copyright«1982 by The KentState University Press 0009-8078/82/2801-0004 $01.00/0 66CIVIL WAH HISTORY According to Beckwith, he journeyed with Sanford to Turin and remained there as a close adviser for "3 weeks."3 This stay ostensibly enabled him to influence Sanford's decision to send Garibaldi an exploratory letter before personally visiting the general's rocky isle of Caprera, to discern Garibaldi's attempted use of the potential American offer as leverage for pressuring King Victor Emmanuel II into a more aggressive Roman policy, to recount the king's conversation with Garibaldi's messenger, and to learn of theking's approval for Garibaldi's trip to America. At this point (although Zettl's editing partially obscures Beckwith's actions),4 Beckwith alleged that he returned to Paris while Sanford continued on to Caprera and made the abortive offer to Garibaldi. Beckwith's letter to Forbes also described this portion of Sanford's trip in some detail, including the specifics of Sanford's exchange with Garibaldi, the Italian's unsuitability for service in America, and a vivid portrayal of the stark, barren environment on Caprera. Both Beckwith's authoritative tone and his explicit complaint of having "wasted near a month on this business" convey the impression of an eyewitness account. In verbally relating the episode to John Bigelow, the United States consul general in Paris, Beckwith explicitly confirmed this impression. Omitting the important detail of having returned to Paris after three weeks, he told Bigelow that when the king granted Garibaldi permission to go to America, "Sanford and I went down to Caprera and made the offer he had been authorized to make...

Business Manuscripts at Baker Library, 1969–1979

Last December the Manuscripts Department of Baker Library issued a new edition of its collections guide entitled, Manuscripts in Baker Library, A Guide to Sources for Business, Economic and Social History. Although this is the fourth edition of its List of Business Manuscripts, the changed title reflects what is felt to be the broadened scope of the collections and their more varied use. Earlier editions appeared in 1932 (minus an index), 1951, and 1969. As before, the new volume is a complete listing of holdings, not just a supplement covering additions since 1969. Even with a few removals, additions come to an even 100 collections, for a total of 1403, as compared with 1303 in the previous edition.

The Grenville Clark-Edgar Snow Correspondence

The correspondence, which constitutes part of the large collection of Grenville Clark Papers in Baker Library at Dartmouth College, is valuable for an understanding of many aspects of Sino-American affairs from 1963 to 1967 and provides significant insights into the thinking of the correspondents.' A tireless crusader for world peace through world law, Clark (18821967) had been devoting nearly all of his time since 1944 to a plan for revising drastically the United Nations Charter in order to establish a world federation under which total disarmament could be achieved

Garibaldi and the American Civil War

GARIBALDI AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR Edited by Herbert Zettl In the Forbes Collection at Harvard University's Baker Library there is a substantial and impressive set of letters, account books and invoices dealing with the nineteenth-century China trade and particularly with the activities of the House of Russell & Company and its subsidiaries, the Shanghai Steam Navigation Company and the Yangtze Insurance Association. Russell & Company had long been the source of many New England, and, more especially, Bostonian fortunes. John Murray Forbes, in fact, liked to refer to the House as the "milch cow" or the "golden goose" to which one need only attach himself for a period of time in order to return home a wealthy man. The House was controlled almost continuously by Forbes brothers, sons, nephews and cousins to the extent that they, themselves, liked to style their position in the House as the Forbes dynasty. Fortunately, they all had a sense of history and sedulously collected and saved nearly all their papers. The collection at Harvard is, in fact, only one part of the Forbes Papers, there being a massive companion collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society. One of the letters in the Harvard Collection was written to Paul Sieman Forbes in September, 1861, by N. M. Beckwith, a partner in Russell & Company from 1857-1860.1 After 1860, Beckwith won a position in the American diplomatic establishment in Paris. It may well be said that his training in China had prepared him for diplomacy , for, in addition to keeping the peace among the often fractious partners in Russell & Company, he was also charged with many of the financial affairs of young Houqua. Young Houqua was the son of one of the wealthiest merchants of that day, Wu Ping Ch'ien, better known in New England lore as Houqua, a man whose memory is kept alive at the Forbes Museum in Milton, Massachusetts. During Beckwith's days in China, the attacks of Great Britain's Lord Elgin from without and the T'ai P'ing rebels from within were threatening the stability and straining the fiscal nerves of the Ch'ing dynasty that had ruled in China since 1644. Continuous levies were 1 The author wishes to thank Professor Francis Carpenter, a former colleague, for bringing the letter to his attention. 70 visited upon China's wealthiest subjects, and it became Beckwith's task to save his Chinese client, young Houqua, from as much exploitation as possible. As it was, Houqua was forced to surrender $800,000.00 to the government. By the time he left for Paris, Nelson Marvin Beckwith was prepared for any task requiring political tact. Of course, Beckwith arrived in Paris at the beginning of the American Civil War. At about the same time someone in Washington had conceived the idea of soliciting Garibaldi's assistance in the military operations against the South. Beckwith's reactions to the proposal, his account of the negotiations, and his impressions of Garibaldi are entertaining reading which provides some additional insight into the complex nature of the mercurial Garibaldi. Beckwith's firstblush reactions are best told by himself. Paris, 15 Sept. 1861 My dear Forbes As the papers will talk about Garibaldi I may as well tell you what occurred: He intimated to the Govt at Washington that he would be disposed to take part in the contest if the condition of Italy would permit him to do so whereupon the Govt2 ordered Sanford to go and make him an offer. S. wanted me to go with him and I replied, "I do not wish to go— you will fail; he will be sure to raise the slavery question on which you must split; besides we don't want Garibaldi. He is a noble fellow but if we can't fight our own battles nobody can do it for us; I hope he will refuse to go—nevertheless since the Govt wants him or thinks it does—we ought to do what we can to carry out their plans and not criticize them—it is the only way in war or business—follow your leader and ask no questions—I will go if you say...

THE DUN AND BRADSTREET COLLECTION: A REPORT

Located at the Baker Library of the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, the records of the credit agency, Dun and Bradstreet, represent a relatively unique but unfortunately little-used source for the exploration of Canadian Urban History, To date the records have been used successfully by a number of American urban and business historians. To my knowledge, only one Canadian scholar, Michael Katz of York University, has utilized the material for any published report.

Honor, Commerce and Industry in Eighteenth-Century Spain. By William J. Callahan. Publication Number 22 of the Kress Library of Business and Economics. Boston: Baker Library, Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, 1972. Pp. ix, 79. $4.00.

Honor, Commerce and Industry in Eighteenth-Century Spain. By William J. Callahan. Publication Number 22 of the Kress Library of Business and Economics. Boston: Baker Library, Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, 1972. Pp. ix, 79. $4.00.

HISTORICAL HOLDINGS IN BUSINESS LIBRARIES.

The article focuses on institutions with sizeable collections on business history. It states that six universities had libraries holding more than 1,000 volumes each on topics such as general business history, history of economic thought, and histories of firms. It mentioned that the largest collections of historical literature was held Harvard University's Baker Library, Indiana University's Business Library, and Purdue University's Krannert Library. It mentioned that there were a number of librarians who were unable to give an estimate of various topics, and that sizeable historical collections could be dispersed through the shelves unidentified. It mentioned that a number of libraries accepted historical materials and monitored those collections to keep them from being lost.

Notes on source materials: the L. J. Henderson papers at Harvard.

Lawrence Joseph Henderson (1878-1942) was a man of such diverse interests that his personal papers should prove valuable to others besides historians of biology. Although he was primarily a biochemist and physiologist, his published works include treatises on subjects such as philosophy and sociology (see my article in this issue). He was an influential force at Harvard University during his career there, playing an instrumental role in the founding of the Department of Physical Chemistry in the Medical School, the Fatigue Laboratory, the Society of Fellows, and the history of science program. Jean Mayer commented in 1968 (J. Nutr. 94: 5): "To write of the history of science and its application to man in the United States during the first half of this century without mentioning L. J. Henderson would be to have missed one of the most important elements in the academic atmosphere in which they developed." The L. J. Henderson papers at Harvard University are located primarily in the archives of Widener Library and Baker Library, although the Countway Library also contains a few Henderson manuscript materials. These papers include correspondence, notebooks, unpublished lectures, rough drafts of publications, and similar items. Henderson's wide range of activities brought him into contact with scholars in many different fields. His correspondents included scientists (e.g., Joseph Barcroft, A. V. Hill, J. S. Haldane, Walter Cannon, and Raymond Pearl), philosophers (e.g., Josiah Royce, F. S. C. Northrop, and R. F. A. Hoernle), historians (e.g., George Sarton), sociologists (e.g., Pitrim Sorokin and James Harvey Rogers), and poets and writers (e.g., E. A. Robinson, Henry Mencken, and Bemnard de Voto). He was close to two presidents of Harvard University, A. Lawrence Lowell and

The History of the Söderfors Anchor-Works. By Johan Lundström. Translated by Lars-Erik Hedin with introductory essays by Fritz Redlich and Lars-Erik Hedin. Baker Library, Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. Publication Number 21 of the Kress Library of Business and Economics. Boston, 1970. Pp. ix, 82. $5.00.

The History of the Söderfors Anchor-Works. By Johan Lundström. Translated by Lars-Erik Hedin with introductory essays by Fritz Redlich and Lars-Erik Hedin. Baker Library, Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. Publication Number 21 of the Kress Library of Business and Economics. Boston, 1970. Pp. ix, 82. $5.00.