Bait Trap Research Articles

Efficiency of trap nests in attracting stingless bees in the central Brazilian Amazon

ABSTRACT Obtaining colonies of stingless bees in the wild for the formation or expansion of meliponaries and other purposes is permitted by law in Brazil using bait containers or trap nests, and other non-destructive methods. We tested the efficiency of trap nests made from plastic bottles for attraction and nesting of stingless bees in the central Brazilian Amazon. We used 2-L and 5-L bottles and three types of attractants (cerumen and geopropolis from Melipona seminigra, M. interrupta and a mix of the two). We used 216 trap nests distributed in three experimental areas during 13 months. Visitation by six species of stingless bees in 58 (26.9%) trap nests, and nesting by three species in 12 (5.6%) trap nests in two areas near meliponaries was recorded. There was no significant difference between trap-nest size, nor among attractants for visitation or nesting, suggesting that the availability of cavities or hollows is more important than odor for nesting. Monthly pooled visitation and nesting events were not correlated with monthly rainfall. Based on our results, we can conclude that, despite the low capture rate, the acquisition of swarms through nest traps is a viable alternative to obtain new colonies of stingless bees for meliponaries.

Weather Sensitivity of Sugar Bait Trapping of Nocturnal Moths: A Case Study from Northern Europe.

Assemblages of insects need to be quantitatively sampled in the context of various research questions. Light trapping is the most widely used method for sampling nocturnal Lepidoptera. Attracting moths to sugar baits offers a viable alternative. However, this method is rarely used in professional research despite its popularity among amateur lepidopterists. As the activity of insects is strongly dependent on ambient conditions, the sensitivity of any trapping method to weather parameters needs to be known for the quantitative interpretation of trapping results. In the present paper, we report data on the weather dependence of moth catches obtained by automatic bait traps. The study was performed in Estonia, representing the European hemiboreal forest zone. Portable weather stations set up next to each of the traps were used for collecting weather data. Both abundance and diversity of the moths in the catches depended strongly positively on temperature and negatively on air humidity. Diversity was also negatively correlated with air pressure and positively with the change in pressure during the night. The results show that in situ recording of weather parameters in connection to insect trapping provides useful insights for the study of insect behaviour and the interpretation of the results of monitoring projects.

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at Biology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang

The ants are one of the insects that dominate all ecosystems, it biomass reaching more than 30% in tropical ecosystems. The ants plays positive or negative roles in ecosystem. The negative role of ants is as a household pests that can have a negative impact on humans. The loss caused by pest ants is causing contamination of food as well as contamination of sterile equipment in hospitals and laboratories. The ant stinging will cause allergies and also become disease vectors due they association with several pathogenic microorganisms. This study was conducted at the Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Air Tawar, West Sumatra, from October to November 2021. The ants were collected inside and outside of the laboratory by using the baited trap (peanut butter, honey, and sardines) and hand collection methods. A total of 419 individual ants were found belonging to eight species and three subfamilies. The highest number of individual found in Tapinoma melanocephalum.

DIVERSITY OF ANT FAUNA IN 30 KM RADIUS OF KUDANKULAM NUCLEAR POWER PLANT AREA, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

A detailed study on the ground dwelling ant diversity was carried around 30 km radius of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant area, Tamil Nadu, India during 2011-2012. Pit-fall trap, bait trap and hand-picking methods were used to collect ants from core Zone, buffer Zone I and Buffer zone II and three habitat (sandy area, garden area and plain area), in a sampling sites. A total of 33 species, 18 genera, and 5 subfamilies of ants were recorded. The Formicinae were the most common, with 7 genera and 15 species, followed by the Myrmicinae (6 genera and 10 species), the Ponerinae (4 genera and 5 species) and the Pseudomyrmecinae was represented by only 1 Genera species and 3 species. The six most species rich genera were Camponotus, Paratrechina, Monomorium, Tetraponera, Pheidole and Leptogenys. Higher species abundance is due to the habitat heterogeneity is an important factor to determine the species distribution in the study area. Conservationists should take consider to conserve the ant fauna diversity for there are many direct and indirect contribution on earth.

Longhorn beetles and predatory clerid beetles attracted to a blend of longhorn beetle pheromone compounds in a Central European oak forest (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Cleridae)

A blend of longhorn beetle pheromones was tested as a generic attractant in a Central European oak forest. Overall, 20 cerambycid species totalling 1250 specimens were captured using two trap types. More adults of Phymatodes testaceus and Leiopus nebulosus nebulosus were attracted to pheromone-baited traps compared to solvent controls. Significant numbers of four other species were caught by panel traps but not funnel traps. For the cerambycine Pyrrhidium sanguineum, significantly more beetles were caught in treatment traps than controls. For the cerambycine Anaglyptus mysticus, lepturines Cortodera humeralis and Rhagium sycophanta, the numbers of beetles caught in treatment or control traps were similar, indicating no attraction to the lure blend. Adults of a predatory clerid beetle Clerus mutillarius were caught in significantly larger numbers by both baited trap types in comparison to controls, totalling 1514 specimens. Antennae of both sexes of C. mutillarius showed responses to 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 2-methylbutan-1-ol, and males also responded to syn-2,3-hexanediol. Strong attraction of C. mutillarius suggests eavesdropping on the pheromones of cerambycids and that such attractant baits, without traps, might be used to manipulate the local population density of predators in a push-pull biological control program.

Molecular characterization of necromenic nematode Pristionchus pacificus and associated bacteria: A new record

The vast diversity of nematodes has adapted to endure in different trophic groups as free living and parasites of plants and animals. In search of potential entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), soil samples were collected from, the rhizosphere of Apple orchard in Darima, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India north-western Himalaya in August 2019. The whole experimental activity carried out at ICAR-Vivekanada Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora during 2019–2021. In present study, Pristionchus pacificus was isolated using Corcyra bait trap, identified based on morphological and molecular approaches, studied its host range, evaluated the phylogenetic tree of P. pacificus and isolated and characterized the nematode associated bacteria. The reproduction potential and frequency of emergence of P. pacificus differs significantly among the tested hosts on Corcyra, Spodoptera and Holotrichia larvae. The molecular diagnostics of associated bacteria based on 16S gene displayed the highest homology with Myroides marinus strain. The discovery of P. pacificus VLPP01 represents the first record from India and Himalayan region.

Study on the feeding behaviour of house shrew (Suncus murinus L.) in Bogor to feed and rodenticide

Shrew is an animal belong to small mammals that the existence must be noticed because it has defecation behavior and their droplets often pollutes the house. Shrew can be vectors in the spread of infectious diseases to human. Shrew management has not been conducted well. Information about the most preferred bait and the effective rodenticide as a reference in controlling is not widely known. Chemical control using rodenticides is effective enough and does not take a long time. The objective of this research was to obtain shrew preference to the types of feed that commonly consumed by human and rodenticide to control it. It can be used as bait in trapping and poisoned bait which are effective in shrew management. Baits that used were cooked rice, rice, white bread, Tenebrio larvae, cricket, chicken nugget, fish meatball, and salted fish. Choice tests were used by serving eight feeds in one cage for seven consecutive days in the first test. Then, choose four prefered feeds and tested for seven consecutive days in the second test. Acute poison (zinc phosphide) and chronic poison (coumatetralyl) mixed with the most preferred feed, then served with control feed as comparison for the third test. Result of this research showed that cricket was the most preferred feed therefore it can be used as trap bait or poisoned bait. Moreover, the other most preferred feed is Tenebrio larvae, fish meatball, and cooked rice that can be used as substitution feed if crickets are difficult to find. Zinc phosphide rodenticide is more effective than coumatetralyl to kill shrew with relatively fast on the time of death.

Temporal Variation in Abundance and Distribution of Butterflies in a Southern Nigerian National Park

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the butterfly diversity in Okomu National Park, Nigeria in order to make available information on butterfly species in this protected areas. Background: Butterflies are a taxonomically important group for predicting the health of the environment. Objective: In order to establish butterfly abundance and distribution in Okomu National Park, a temporal variation study was conducted for a period of twenty-four months (July 2012 to June 2014). Methods: Eight transects (Disturbed habitat (DIS), Forest Edge/Plantation (FE/P), Moderately Open Forest (MOF), Forest Along Road/Moist Patches (FAR/MP), Riparian Habitat (RIP), Closed Canopy (CC), Shrub (SHR) and Grassland (GRA) were mapped out from the four ranges (Igwonwan, Arakhuan, Julius Creek and Babui) from visual level of disturbance and degree of canopy closure for transect walk, butterfly net and baited trap methods of butterfly sampling. Environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) were concurrently sampled with butterflies. Results: A total of 143 species and 6,310 individuals of butterflies were obtained from the families; Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperiidae. Nymphalid (3103: 49.2%) and Pieridae (2269: 36.0%) predominated and Hesperiidae was recorded low (8: 0.1%). Significant differences were observed in the abundance of butterflies in the transects (p< 0.05). Rainfall was positively correlated with butterfly abundance. Butterfly abundance was higher in rainy season compared to dry season except in RIP where a reverse trend was observed. Abundance was higher in FAR/MP (1633: 25.9%) and MOF (1251: 19.8%) compared to other transects, and was lowest in SHR (295: 4.7%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that butterfly in Okomu forest is abundant and stable, and as such continuous effort is required to conserve butterfly flora and fauna in this park.

Bio-Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the Souk Naamane and Ain M'lila region (Oum El Bouaghi, High Plain of Eastern Algeria

The present study was carried out in order to assess the quality of groundwater in the western region of Oum El Bouaghi district, (commune of Souk Naamane and commune of Ain M'lila). A total of 9 wells and 2 water springs were tested in the two communes over a period of eight months from October 2017 to May 2018. The fauna were sampled using two methods: the net phreatobiological and the baited trap method. Some physicochemical properties of the wells were measured during each campaign. 1237 individuals belonging to 47 families were recorded during the sampling. From a physical-chemical point of view, the analysis in main components indicates that the water is highly mineralized.

New deep-sea Atlantic and Antarctic species of Abyssorchomene De Broyer, 1984 (Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea, Uristidae) with a redescription of A. abyssorum (Stebbing, 1888)

During the Census of Marine Life Polarstern ANDEEP I-III and Meteor M79/1 DIVA-3 expeditions, autonomous baited trap systems were employed to sample the mobile, necrophagous amphipods from abyssal depths. Within DIVA-3 (July 10–August 26 2009), a free-fall baited trap was used successfully at three stations in the southwest Atlantic, once in the Argentine Basin and twice in the Brazilian Basin. A total of twenty-one stations were sampled by baited traps during the ANDEEP I-III (2002, 2005) cruises in the Southern Ocean. Trap sets recovered large numbers of scavenging lysianassoid and alicelloid amphipods, including specimens of the widespread and commonly considered cosmopolitan uristid species Abyssorchomene abyssorum (Stebbing, 1888). During examinations of these and other North Atlantic collections of A. abyssorum, two similar new species A. patriciae sp. nov. and A. shannonae sp. nov. were discovered. Important morphological characters which differentiate the two new species from their congeners are found in the shape of the head lobe, coxa 1, gnathopod 2, coxa 5, pereopod 7 basis and uropod 3 rami length. The new species are fully figured and an identification key is provided. Abyssorchomene abyssorum is redescribed and for the first time, the female is fully described and illustrated from new material. The Southern Ocean endemic A. scotianensis (Andres, 1983) is also described and illustrated from new collections to complement the original description.

Survey of Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758 (Cephalopoda) from Siquijor Island and Dalaguete–Alcoy in the Philippines Using Baited Traps and Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS)

Survey of Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758 (Cephalopoda) from Siquijor Island and Dalaguete–Alcoy in the Philippines Using Baited Traps and Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS)

Analysis of simulated trap counts arising from correlated and biased random walks

Traps are routinely used in insect ecology, conservation, and pest control, but the understanding of trap counts remains limited. A well developed theory only exists for non-baited traps (e.g. pitfall traps) and the simplest animal movement modes, such as Brownian motion, but not for more complex or realistic situations. In particular, important questions as to how the trap counts may differ in case of a baited trap and what its effect can be on the population distribution in the domain where the trap is installed are largely open. In order to bridge this gap in our knowledge, here we use straightforward yet powerful simulation framework of individual-based modelling. A baited trap has a strong effect on the animal movement pattern changing it from the Correlated Random Walk to the Biased Random Walk. This, in turn, is shown to have a dramatic effect on the trap counts. We show that a baited trap can introduce strong heterogeneity into the spatial population distribution, hence resulting in spatiotemporal pattern formation. We also consider a system of multiple traps and show that the trap efficiency can decrease if the traps are installed close to each other.

Taxonomy and distribution of deep benthos collected in and around the Southern Ocean during the 30th Anniversary expeditions of R/V Hakuho Maru: Annelida, Mollusca, Ostracoda, Decapoda, and Echinodermata

The Southern Ocean is widely recognized for its unique benthic ecosystems, but benthic sampling has been largely restricted to shallower continental zones and much remains to be learned about the biodiversity in the bathyal and abyssal zones. In this study, we collected and investigated the deep-sea benthic habitat using geological dredges, a multiple corer, and a bait trap on-board the R/V Hakuho Maru in bathyal to abyssal depths between the latitude of 39°38.16′S–66°36.03′S and the longitude of 62°19.55′W–67°37.95′E in the Southern Ocean and the surrounding subantarctic region, focusing on West Antarctica. We carried out 20 geological dredges, 14 multiple corers, and a bait trap survey. Here, we present the taxonomic and distributional records of 180 species of Annelida, Mollusca, Ostracoda, Decapoda, and Echinodermata identified from our samples, including species-level identifications and detailed occurrence information where possible. Although West Antarctica is a highly investigated area for benthic biodiversity around Antarctica, our collection includes the annelid Flabelligena hakuhoae Jimi et al. 2020 which was new to science at the time of collection, and other potentially undescribed species of Annelida, Ostracoda, Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea. Several specimens collected updated the distribution ranges of their species.

Does trapping catch sociable, exploratory and innovative mynas preferentially? No, but perhaps less fearful ones

Humans prey on animals with often dramatic effects on abundances, but also alterations to the phenotypical composition of prey populations. Instances of lethal management provide an opportunity to explore proximate mechanisms of phenotypical change. While there is evidence from exploitative predation (e.g. fisheries) that prey can change via evolutionary mechanisms, we present one of the first studies to explore this effect in an invasive vertebrate species that is being lethally controlled. Using an avian species that is known to be changing its behaviour in areas where it is heavily trapped, this study explored whether trapping of specific behavioural phenotypes might underpin observed changes. The behaviour of common mynas, Acridotheres tristis , captured using a large walk-in baited trap was compared with that of mynas captured using a cryptic whoosh net. All tests revealed significant inter-individual variation in ecologically meaningful aspects of myna temperament. Contrary to our predictions, however, we found no evidence that mynas captured in traps were more exploratory, more sociable, less fearful or better problem-solvers than those captured with the cryptic net. We present various interpretations of this finding, including the possibility learning might underpin behavioural changes in free-ranging mynas from heavily trapped populations, complemented by some selection against sociability and low fearfulness. As such, our findings and their interpretation will serve to guide future research on prey responses to human predation and inform animal management practices. • Animal populations change when predated upon by humans. • Invasive common mynas are known to change behaviour where they are trapped. • There was no evidence that trapping only captures more exploratory and social birds. • Trapping may not exert a selective evolutionary pressure on myna behaviour.

SURVEI IDENTIFIKASI KONDISI KERUSAKAN BIJI KOPI LIBERIKA TUNGKAL KOMPOSIT DAN PENYEBABNYA DI SIMPANAN

Damage to coffee beans which is stored in storehouse due to insect pests can reduce its quality through a decrease in coffee weight and its quality, consequently causing the price of coffee beans decrease because they have low quality. The purpose of the study was to identify the damaged condition of the Libtukom coffee and to find out the cause of the damage to the stored coffee been. This research was carried out in Mekar Jaya Village, Betara District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Batanghari University Laboratory and BPTP Pest Laboratory Jambi since August to October 2021. This research was carried out at 4 locations where farmers' coffee beans storehouse using the light and bait trap method. and handpicking. This research was conducted by taking samples of coffee beans that were attacked by insect pests as much as 4 kg each sample so that 16 kg was obtained. The observed parameters were the characteristics of coffee damage, the number of insects caught, characteristics of the storehouse of Libtukom coffee beans and the moisture content of the stored coffee beans. The data were analyzed descriptively using the mean/mean value, standard deviation and presented in tabular form. The results showed that the highest characteristics of the damage to coffee beans in the four storage locations were the hollo seed more than one hole, followed by spoted bean and then one hole in hollo bean. The amount obtained on the insect catching method in the warehouse of Libtukom coffee bean using bait traps was Araecerus fasciculatus that obtained more, while light traps showed more the other insect.

Evaluation of Standardized Bait Trapping Approaches and Climatic Factors That Influence Wireworm Catch in the Canadian Prairies.

Wireworms are significant pests of a variety of economically important crops grown in the Canadian Prairies. These soil-dwelling larvae of click beetles feed on and burrow into the accessible underground plant tissues, which can result in cosmetic injury, stunting, wilting, and plant death. Successful management of wireworms relies on accurate estimations of their abundance and activity in infested fields. Bait trapping is the most commonly used method for sampling wireworms and standardized approaches have been developed; however, little work has been done to optimize trapping efficacy in different geographical regions. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bait trapping duration, seed formulation, and the causal relationship with CO2 production and soil temperature on the wireworm catch in three fields located in Manitoba, Canada. As expected, wireworm catch increased with trapping duration and placing traps in ground for 8 d is adequate in most cases. Both barley and wheat were more effective baits than soybean; however, barley released more CO2 (i.e., an attractant for wireworms) and performed better at elevated soil temperatures. Overall, the results of this study will serve as valuable guidelines to improve current wireworm sampling methods, and can be integrated into strategies aimed at managing these important pests to crop production.

Diversity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Several Types of Plantations in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province

Ant diversity in the plantation ecosystem has an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and the continuity of crop production. It aims to find out ant diversity and the role of ants present in oil palm, rubber, and cocoa plantation ecosystems in Dharmasraya District. The research location is Kecamatan Pulau Punjung, Sitiung, and Koto Besar. The method used in this research is Systematic Random Sampling (Random Design Selected). Sampling using the Qudran Protocol method is Soil And Leaf Litter Sieving, Pitfall trap, Bait Trap, and Hand Collecting. Identification is done at the Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University. The diversity and evenness of ants in some types of plantations in Dharmasraya Regency were moderate (H '<1) and (E <0.63). There were 16 species of ants; the most abundant species were Aneplolephis graciliphes and Odontoponera denticulate.

Communities of Lepidoptera along an elevational gradient in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)

The diversity and composition of Lepidoptera communities vary along an elevational gradient, with richness and abundance generally decreasing as elevation increases. In Brazil, however, there is a lack of data on the topic and many elevation zones remain unexplored. This study aimed to examine the effect of elevation variation on the richness, frequency, abundance, and composition of Lepidoptera in an Atlantic Forest region in southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and we also present the first species list of Lepidoptera of the Fernão Dias Environmental Protection Area. The study was conducted between October 2019 and March 2020, and sampling was performed with the same sampling effort at three elevation levels by active (nets) and passive (bait trap) methods. A total of 622 Lepidoptera individuals, belonging to 154 species, were sampled. The family Nymphalidae exhibited thehighest richness and abundance. The highest elevation zone showed the greatest number of exclusive species. Richness and abundance were highest at middle elevation, but differences between elevation zones were not statistically significant. Richness estimators indicated a mean sampling efficiency of 64.97%. In contrast to the expected pattern, species richness was highest in middle and high elevation zones, which might reflect the greater degree of conservation of these areas. The findings reported here contribute to a better understanding of the diversity of Lepidoptera in higher elevation zones of Atlantic Forest regions in Brazil.

Ant diversity (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in two districts in the municipality of Barreiras-BA

In recent years, attention has focused on studies about myrmecofauna in urban environments, due to its high possibility of causing damage to food storage and household structures. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the genera of ants and analyze their frequency and diversity in two neighborhoods in the municipality of Barreiras-BA. The study was conducted in Riachinho neighborhood, located on the edge of the urban perimeter and in Renato Gonçalves neighborhood in the central area of the city. The ants were collected weekly, using trap baits, in 180 houses, from November 2016 to April 2017. The collected ants were transported to the Zoology and Entomology Laboratory (LaZooEn) in the Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Campus IX. For identification, stereomicroscope and dichotomous key were used. A group of 14,846 ants were collected, of which 9,686 were collected in Renato Gonçalves neighborhood, and 5,160 in Riachinho neighborhood. Three subfamilies were identified, which included ten genera, being Paratrechina, Brachymyrmex and Tapinoma were among the most frequent. Paratrechina was the most representative (85.32%) in Riachinho, and Brachymyrmex, the most frequent in Renato Gonçalves (54.40%). The accumulation curves obtained were satisfactory in both areas, higher than 80%. Regarding Shannon index, it was found that Riachinho presented a lower diversity (H'= 0.663) than in Renato Gonçalves neighborhood (H'= 0.875). Studies addressing the occurrence of myrmecofauna may be paramount to collaborate with conservation practices both in the case of threatened species and for pest control practices.

Demographic response of brown treesnakes to extended population suppression

AbstractFrom a management perspective, reptiles are relatively novel invasive taxa. Few methods for reptile control have been developed and very little is known about their effectiveness for reducing reptile populations, particularly when the goal is eradication. Many reptiles, and especially snakes, are cryptic, secretive, and undergo extended periods of inactivity, traits that decrease detection probabilities and create challenges in estimating population size or evaluating management effects. The brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) is a notorious invasive species that continues to cause major ecological and economic harm following their introduction to the island of Guam after World War II. They have been the subject of intensive research on the effectiveness of various techniques to control snakes, including the first ever aerial system for the distribution of toxic acetaminophen baits for reptile control. We provide a cohort‐based life table for a cryptic and invasive reptile undergoing extended population control using toxic baits from March 2017–2020. We also evaluated the effects of single (toxic bait) versus multi‐tool (toxic bait and live trapping) management efforts on population trajectories, and estimated which population vital rates are most important for influencing population growth or decline in a treated landscape. Treatment of the population with acetaminophen‐laced baits resulted in an immediate reduction followed by a gradual population decline that suggested that eradication was the probable outcome given sufficient treatment time but that the period of treatment was decades in magnitude. Inclusion of live trapping reduced the predicted time required to achieve eradication by more than half. Preventing the transition of 1,000‐mm snout‐vent length (SVL) females to larger sizes was predicted to have the greatest effect on population reduction based on integral projection modeling. Our results suggest that toxic baits are capable of eradicating brown treesnakes in an enclosure, although inclusion of trapping reduced overall treatment time required. Tools that effectively target females >1,000 mm SVL may have the greatest effect on reducing overall treatment timelines.