Baise City Research Articles

Risk analysis for earth dam overtopping

In this paper, a model of overtopping risk under the joint effects of floods and wind waves, which is based on risk analysis theory and takes into account the uncertainties of floods, wind waves, reservoir capacity and discharge capacity of the spillway, is proposed and applied to the Chengbihe Reservoir in Baise City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The simulated results indicate that the flood control limiting level can be raised by 0.40 m under the condition that the reservoir overtopping risk is controlled within a mean variance of 5×10−6. As a result, the reservoir storage will increase to 16 million m3 and electrical energy generation and other functions of the reservoir will also increase greatly.

The efficacy of antiviral therapy and drug resistance analysis among HIV/AIDS patients with heroin addiction in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

To investigate the impact of heroin for antiviral treatment, drug resistance, mutation types and frequency in HIV/AIDS patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinics, HIV/AIDS Clinic and HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center Liuzhou and Baise city from April 2008 to October 2009. The patients were grouped by the situation of antiviral treatment and use of heroin. A total of 435 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited, among which 108 cases in antiviral treatment and heroin group, 93 cases in antiviral treatment and never using drug group, 105 cases in no antiviral treatment and using heroin group, 129 cases in no antiviral treatment and never using drug group. The effect of antiviral treatment was evaluated by questionnaire survey, viral load measurement and CD4(+) T lymphocyte count. HIV-1 RNA from plasma was extracted, and then the pol genes were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were analyzed for HIV-1 genotype drug-resistance. For the patients who received antiviral treatment, the viral load in heroin group was higher than that in never using drug group (lg (2.61 ± 1.24) vs lg (2.08 ± 0.80), t = 3.54, P < 0.05) , and the percentage of viral load lower than 1 000 copies/ml in heroin group was significantly less than that in never using drug group (63.9% vs 86.0%,χ(2) = 12.76, P < 0.05). For the patients who received antiviral treatment, the difference has no significance in CD4(+) T lymphocyte count between heroin group and never using drug group ((337.92 ± 181.66) vs (326.14 ± 254.98), t = 0.38, P = 0.703). For the patients who didn't receive antiviral treatment, the difference also has no significance in CD4(+) T lymphocyte count between heroin group and never using drug group ((373.73 ± 155.97) vs (337.53 ± 209.26), t = 1.47, P = 0.143). For the patients who received antiviral treatment, there was no difference in the percentage of the CD4(+) T lymphocyte count more than 350/ml between heroin group and never using drug group (48.1% vs 43.0%, χ(2) = 0.53, P = 0.466). 319 HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained. Among the patients who received antiviral treatment, the mutation frequency of M184V/I, T215Y/F, L210W and T69N/S in heroin abuser group were significantly higher than that in never using drug group (14.9% (11/74) vs 4.4% (3/68), 12.2% (9/74) vs 1.5% (1/68), 12.2% (9/74) vs 1.5% (1/68) and 10.8% (8/74) vs 1.5% (1/68) respectively) (P < 0.05). Using heroin may promote HIV replication, reducing the virological response to antiviral treatment and increasing the frequencies of drug resistance loci among HIV/AIDS patients.Heroin rehabilitation may benefit from the antiviral treatment and obtain better antiviral effect.

GW25-e4340 Baise city new characteristics of the different subtypes of hypertension illness diagnosis and the analysis of the relationship between metabolic syndrome

GW25-e4340 Baise city new characteristics of the different subtypes of hypertension illness diagnosis and the analysis of the relationship between metabolic syndrome

Grey Predicting Model: Rice Output of Baise City

By using rice output data of Baise statistical yearbook from 1989 to 2010, based on the Grey theory and Grey forecast models, which are GM(1,1), have been adopted to predict the rice output of Baise city in this paper. So we get the GM(1,1) prediction model and predict the rice production of Baise city from 2011 to 2020. The results show that the Grey theory model in predicting rice output is feasibility and reasonable.

Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits in Sugarcane Varieties (Lines) with GGE-Biplot

采用GGE双标图分析7个甘蔗参试品种（系）在7个试点的产量和品质性状。结果表明，云蔗05—51fYZ05—51）为单茎产量高且稳定性强的品种，福农39（FN39）和柳城03—1137（LC03—1137）的单茎产量较高，但稳定性较差；福农38（FN38）、粤甘35（YG35）和新台糖22（ROC22）有效茎数较高，但稳定性较差；福农39（FN39）和云蔗05．51（YZ05。51）为蔗茎产量较高且稳定性强的品种，福农38（FN38）和柳城03—1137（LC03—1137）蔗茎产量高，但稳定性较差；福农39（FN39）和赣南02—70（GN02—70）为甘蔗蔗糖分较高且稳定性强的品种，云蔗05—51（YZ05—51）和福农38（FN38）甘蔗蔗糖分较高，但稳定性较差；福农39（FN39）为产糖量较高且稳定性较强的品种，福农38（FN38）、云蔗05—51（YZ05—51）和柳城03—1137（LC03—1137）的产糖量较高、但稳定性较差。云南瑞丽和云南临沧2个试点单茎产量的代表性和区分力较强；云南保山和广西来宾2个试点有效茎数的代表性和区分力较强；广西崇左和云南临沧2个试点蔗茎产量的区分力较强；广西百色和柳州2个试点甘蔗蔗糖分的区分力较强；广西百色和云南临沧2个试点产糖量的区分力较强。

A new record of the bird subspecies Black-crested Bulbul ( Pycnonotus flaviventris johnsoni ) in China

Several Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus flaviventris) with red throats were observed and photographed in December 2010 and April 2011 in the Youjiang District (N23(o)54', E06(o)36', altitude 179 m) and Jingxi County(N22(o)59', E1 06(o)40', altitude 354 m) of Baise city, northwestern Guangxi, in southern China. These individuals belong to subspecies johnsoni, recorded previously in central and southeastern Thailand as well as the southern Indochina Region. This sighting provides a new record of the subspecies within China, warranting a discussion on the classification and distribution of Pycnonotus flaviventris.

Relationship between factors as sensation seeking, general self-efficacy and deviant peers with refusal skills among middle school students

To explore the relationship of sensation seeking, self-efficacy, deviant peers and refusal skills related to strategy on drugs among middle school students. A total of 502 students from two high schools and two vocational schools in Baise city were recruited with age distribution between 14 and 20 years. The study objects were asked to fill the sensation seeking scale, the general self-efficacy scale questionnaire on drug refusal strategies and behavior among peers. (1) Adolescents were more likely to use the Refuse (78.29%) and Leave strategy (77.89%) for initial drug offers and follow-up drug offers; (2) The general self-efficacy was negatively associated with the Explain and Leave strategies for initial drug offers and Explain strategy for follow-up drug offers. Sensation seeking was negatively related to the strategies on Explain and Leave for initial drug offers and follow-up drug offers. Peer influence was positively associated with both Refuse and Leave strategies for initial drug offers and follow-up drug offers; (3) from the logistic regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and sensation seeking were significant variables that could predict the results from the use of Explain strategy (β = -0.055 and -0.029) for both initial drug refusals and follow-up drug refusals and the use of Leave strategy (β = -0.057 and -0.041) for initial drug refusals. There were significant effects of sensation seeking and self-efficacy in predicting Explain or Leave strategies for drug refusals among middle students.

Relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome in minority populations of Baise, Guangxi province

There were 3 000 Zhuangs,1 102 Miaos, and 1 283 Yaos in Baise City of Guangxi,who were enrolled in this population sampling stratfying survey. Height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipids were determined, and compared with those of 2 000 Hans of the same town. The prevalence of hypertension and metablic syndrome in Zhuang inhabitants was high, so were the disorders of glycemia and lipidemia, while in Miao and Yao minorities, the prevalences were comparatively lower. The awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in these minorities were insufficient. Key words: Minority; Hypertension; Metabolic syndrome; Prevalence

Mode of recycle eco-agriculture of "plant-methane-breeding + pest-killer lamp" in Baise City of Guangxi

在总结各地生态型循环农业模式的基础上，探讨了“种植-沼气-养殖+灯”模式的概念、生产流程与循环路径。该模式以种养业为龙头，以沼气为纽带，串联种、养、加工等产业，建立沼气肥全程利用的综合性生态农业生产方式。生产流程包括养猪、养鱼、沼气、果树、诱虫灯、果实套袋等6个环节，循环路径体现了生物链间的联动协调，六位一体，每个环节在空间上互相链接。以百色市右江区四塘镇保安村那利屯作为案例，剖析了这种模式的具体实践与成效，提出了相应的政策启示与建议。

Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Forms 08_BC and 07_BC in Asia

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CRF08_BC and CRF07_BC are two major recombinants descended from subtypes B' and C. Despite their massive epidemic impact in China, their migration patterns and divergence times remain unknown. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed on 228 HIV-1 sequences representing CRF08_BC, CRF07_BC, and subtype C strains from different locations across China, India, and Myanmar. Genome-specific rates of evolution and divergence times were estimated using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo framework under various evolutionary models. CRF08_BC originated in 1990.3 (95% credible region [CR], 1988.6 to 1991.9) in Yunnan province before spreading to Guangxi (south) and Liaoning (northeast) around 1995. Inside Guangxi region, the eastward expansion of CRF08_BC continued from Baise city (west) to Binyang (central) between 1997 and 1998 and later spread into Pingxiang around 1999 in the south, mainly through injecting drug users. Additionally, CRF07_BC diverged from its common ancestor in 1993.3 (95% CR, 1991.2 to 1995.2) before crossing the border into southern Taiwan in late 1990s. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that both CRF08_BC and CRF07_BC can trace their origins to Yunnan. The parental Indian subtype C lineage likely entered China around 1981.2 (95% CR, 1976.7 to 1985.9). Using a multiple unlinked locus model, we also showed that the dates of divergence calculated in this study may not be significantly affected by intrasubtype recombination among different lineages. This is the first phylodynamic study depicting the spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV/AIDS in East Asia.

Current status of thalassemia in minority populations in Guangxi, China

Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic disorders in the world. In order to develop a community-based prevention program, we screened 12,900 individuals for alpha- and beta-thalassemia in Baise City, Guangxi, China, with hematological methods and molecular assays. We found that the frequency of carriers in this area for alpha-thalassemia is 15%. Beta-thalassemia carriers comprise 4.8% of the populations. Five mutations account for 98% of alpha-thalassemia [--SEA 46.7%; -alpha/4.2, 23.9%; -alpha/3.7, 21.7%; hemoglobin (Hb) Constant Spring, 6.5%; Hb Quong Sze, 1.1%]. Seven mutations in the beta-globin gene account for 99% of the mutations [codon (CD) 41/42 (-TCTT) (39.4%), CD 17(A-->T) (32%), CD 71/72 (+A) (7.4%), -28 (A-->G) (5.8%), IVS-2-654 (C-->T) (5.8%), CD26 (Hb E) (4%), IVS-1 (G-->A) (3.7%), and CD 43(G-->T) (1.9%)]. Most individuals with alpha-thalassemia major die in the uterus or shortly after birth. Among 106 patients with beta-thalassemia major followed by our clinic, the majority died before 5 years of age. Knowledge surveys about thalassemia were conducted. Our results show a severe lack of knowledge about thalassemia in both medical professionals and in the general populations. This study shows that thalassemia is a very severe public health issue in minority populations in Baise City, China. Identification of the common mutations will allow us to design cost-effective molecular tests. There is an urgent need to educate the general population and the medical community for a successful community-based prevention program.

Psychological symptoms and nonfatal unintentional injuries among Chinese adolescents: a prospective study

Purpose To describe patterns of nonfatal unintentional injuries and investigate the association of psychological symptoms with injury risk among adolescents in Guangxi, China. Methods Adolescents were selected from middle and high school students in Baise City, Guangxi, China. Psychological symptoms at baseline were measured using SCL-90-R and nonfatal unintentional injuries that occurred among participants were recorded using a standardized injury surveillance questionnaire. Annual injury rates per 100 adolescents by adolescents’ demographic and family characteristics were calculated. Student’s t-test and the Chi-square test were used to test differences in mean raw scores of SCL-90-R subscales and injury rates. Relative risks and odds ratios of injury with 95% confidence intervals were calculated in univariate analyses and multivariate logistic models. Results A total of 1474 middle and high school students finished the study. Of them, 442 reported nonfatal unintentional injuries during the study period, resulting in an annual injury rate of 30.3 per 100 adolescents. Boys had a significantly higher injury rate than girls (32.6% vs. 27.4%). Injury rate decreased as the adolescents’ age increased. Compared with adolescents who were not injured, the injured adolescents had higher average raw scores of all subscales of SCL-90-R, with an exception of the subscale for hostility. All SCL-90-R subscales factors, except those for hostility and phobia, were associated with injury risk. After confounding effects of age, gender, and ethnicity were controlled using logistic regression models, SCL-90-R subscales for somatization (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.52–2.63), obsessive-compulsiveness (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.71–2.58), interpersonal-sensitivity (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.34–2.06), depression (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.59–2.51), anxiety (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.62–2.66), and psychoticism (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.26–2.03) were significantly associated with an elevated injury risk. Conclusion Psychological symptoms are associated with an elevated risk of nonfatal unintentional injury among middle and high school students. Mental health services, such as psychological counseling, may help reduce the risk of nonfatal unintentional injuries among Chinese adolescents.

Maintaining low HIV type 1 env genetic diversity among injection drug users infected with a B/C recombinant and CRF01_AE HIV type 1 in southern China.

HIV-1 outbreaks in Guangxi Province, southern China were initiated from two separate border cities in 1996 and 1997. Drug users in Pingxiang City, which borders Vietnam, were infected with CRF01_AE HIV-1, and drug users in Baise City, which borders Yunan Province, were infected with a novel B/C recombinant HIV-1. Since 1997, HIV-1 has been rapidly spreading in Guangxi, including its capital city Nanning. Survey data indicated that HIV-1 prevalence among IDUs in new outbreak regions increased 8 to 42% within 1 year. The B/C recombinants obtained from five separate regions in Guangxi, which span a 4-year time frame, were remarkable for their low intersubject env V3 diversity, less than 0.2%. Similarly, the CRF01_AE from IDUs over a 3-year time frame had low intersubject env V3 diversity of less than 1.6%. Different patterns of sequence variations in the V3 and V4 regions were observed for the B/C recombinant and the CRF01_AE HIV1. The rapid spreading of homogeneous HIV-1 strains in Guangxi may have important implications for HIV transmission as well as vaccine development and evaluation.

The Potential for Rapid Sexual Transmission of HIV in China: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Condom Failure Highly Prevalent Among Female Sex Workers

Commercial sex is believed to play a role in the steadily increasing heterosexual transmission of HIV in China, but little attention has been paid to female sex workers working in the entertainment industry. From October to December 2000, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 482 women in Baise City, Guangxi Autonomous Region, bordering Yunnan Province. Although no participants had antibodies to HIV infection, 4% of study participants tested positive for markers for syphilis and 21% reported being diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases in the past year. Women reported low rates of consistent condom use with customers (17%), a spouse or fiance (9%), and casual partners (13%). A substantial proportion experienced condom failure (20% slippage and 13% breakage). Multivariate analyses found that consistent condom use with customers was related to multiple sexual partnerships, higher condom knowledge, and higher condom-use negotiation skills. Multiple sexual partnerships and higher condom-use negotiation skills predicted consistent condom use with casual partners, whereas higher condom-use negotiation skills did so for consistent condom use with a spouse or fiance. Our data suggest the need for condom education, condom skills training, and the distribution of reliable condoms among female sex workers. HIV prevention efforts must target these women as well as their clients and sex partners to prevent the further spread of HIV to the general population in China.

A recent outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in southern China was initiated by two highly homogeneous, geographically separated strains, circulating recombinant form AE and a novel BC recombinant.

New outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among injecting drug users (IDUs) are spreading in China along heroin trafficking routes. Recently, two separate HIV-1 epidemics among IDUs were reported in Guangxi, Southern China, where partial sequencing of the env gene showed subtype C and circulating recombinant form (CRF) AE. We evaluated five virtually full-length HIV-1 genome sequences from IDUs in Guangxi to determine the genetic diversity and the presence of intersubtype recombinants. Sequence analysis showed two geographically separated, highly homogeneous HIV-1 strains. B/C intersubtype recombinants were found in three IDUs from Baise City, in a mountainous region near the Yunnan-Guangxi border. These were mostly subtype C, with portions of the capsid and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes from subtype B. The subtype B portion of the capsid was located in the N-terminal domain, which has been shown to influence virus core maturation, virus infectivity, and binding to cyclophilin A, whereas the subtype B portion of RT was located in the palm subdomain, which is the active site of the enzyme. These BC recombinants differed from a BC recombinant found in Xinjiang Province in northwestern China. CRF AE strains were found in IDUs from Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, and in IDUs from Pingxiang City near the China-Vietnam border. The AE and BC recombinants were both remarkable for their low interpatient diversity, less than 1% for the full genome. Rapid spread of HIV-1 among IDUs may foster the emergence of highly homogeneous strains, including novel recombinants in regions with multiple subtypes.

Two subtypes of HIV-1 among injection-drug users in southern China

The rate of HIV-1 infection has increased steadily in China by about 80% annually and by the end of September 1997, 8277 HIV-1 cases had been reported, of whom more than 75% were IV drug users (IVDUs). UNAIDS, however, has estimated that up to 200,000 people could actually be infected with HIV-1 in China. Guangxi Province borders Yunnan province in the west and Vietnam to the south, and is a major transit area for heroin trafficking from the opium-growing region of Laos and Myanmar. Phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 env sequences (C2-V3) obtained from 14 IVDUs found that 9 subjects from Pingxiang City were infected with subtype E and 5 from Baise City with subtype C. The 9 subtype E and 5 subtype C HIV-1 sequences were clustered together within each group, with significant bootstrap values of 100% and 95%, respectively. The subtype E sequences were more closely related to HIV-1 subtype E from Thailand than to those from Africa, and the subtype C sequences were clustered more closely to those from India than to those from Africa. Study results suggest 2 epidemiologically unrelated epidemics and 2 different sources; subtype C probably transmitted from Yunnan to Baise City through drug trafficking and IVDU interaction, and subtype E coming into China from Vietnam.