Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Research Articles

The Impact of Action Control and Dispositional Hope on Self-Regulated Learning among University Students in Pakistan

This study was focused on examining the impact of action control and dispositional hope on self-regulated learning strategies and course achievement among university students. The data were collected from different Departments of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. Their age range was 18 to 33. After collecting the data statistical analysis was done. The study was carried out with a sample of 350 students from different Departments of the University. A booklet consisting of three questionnaires; Action Control Scale (ACS-90), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale and Self-regulated Learning Strategies Questionnaire. Age, gender, qualification and CGPA were included as demographic variables. Results indicate that action control is negatively correlated with dispositional hope and learning strategies. Whereas dispositional hope is positively correlated to all learning strategies. Results also show that action control does not predict student’s performance but has an indirect effect through learning strategies. Action control predicts learning strategies. So, learning strategies are working as a mediating variable between action control and students' performance. On the other hand, dispositional hope predicts student performance; it also predicts learning strategies. The results of the Sobel test show that learning strategies are working as a mediating variable.

Unravelling the impact of Perceived Parental Styles on Curiosity and Exploration

This study was aimed at investigating the role of perceived parenting styles in predicting curiosity and exploration among university students. It is obvious that personality, behavioral and cognitive characteristics of human are affected by parents and it seems that parenting styles that parents use in rearing their children affect their personality and cognitive characteristics. Data were collected from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Sample of 171 students were selected through convenient sampling. Two research instruments were used to measure the variables. Findings of the study reveal that permissive and authoritative parenting styles are the significant positive predictors of curiosity and exploration among students. Moreover, there is positive correlation among these constructs. Furthermore, results indicate that there is no significant impact of authoritarian parental style in predicting curiosity and exploration. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference of curiosity and exploration between male and female students. In the light of study, parents need to practice the health parenting styles to nourish their children.

POST-OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS ENCOUNTERED BY THE STUDENTS DURING CANINE SURGERY: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

A retrospective study was conducted on analysis of procedures performed in small animal operation theatre at the Department of clinical sciences, Faculty of veterinary sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan, from 2009 to 2016. During this study period, 800 surgical complications were noted. The most frequent consequences seen were wound infection (21.25%), wound dehiscence (18.75%), septicemia (15.25%), and haemorrhage (15%). A slipped ligature, edema, myiasis, intestinal obstruction, and mortality were among the other problems. Laparotomy, Cystotomy, Gastrotomy, and Entrotomy had higher complication rates. Through questionnaire interviews with students, it was discovered that septic surgical procedures, inadequate use of surgical tools, and animals with low nutritional and health status were some of the factors that contributed to a high frequency of problems. The use of systemic antibiotics was necessary to treat the surgical site as an open wound to manage the post-operative problems. Recommendations are made to stop the emergence of post-operative problems when students are practicing surgery on dogs.

CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT: OBSERVING KEY COMPONENTS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHER DURING LESSON PLAN PRACTICAL

The classroom is the focal point of any educational environment since it is an essential aspect of schools where both students and teachers engage to transmit information in accordance with the aims and objectives of societal education policy. Additionally, effective teaching and learning are the focus of the classroom management. Therefore, it is crucial for teachers to be aware about classroom management techniques. The objective of the study was to investigate key components of classroom management by pre-service during lesson plan practical. The data in this research were collected by using interviews. This study involved 15 pre-service teachers of Women University Multan, University of Education Lahore Multan Campus and Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan who experienced teaching during their teaching practice in the school. A semi-structured interview form consisting of two closed ended questions and three open-ended questions had been used as the data collection tool. The results of the study indicated different classroom management strategies such as making lesson Plan, classroom management planning, discipline, enforcing rules, proactive classroom and use verbal and nonverbal communication are among the factors considered in this respect are key components of classroom management during lesson plan practical that impact both pre-service teachers’ and students’ performance during teaching practicum. Finally, the study recommends that pre-service teachers should be given access to in-service training, conferences, and events to familiarize themselves with important classroom management techniques.

Biochar Integrated Nutrient Application Improves Crop Productivity, Sustainability and Profitability of Maize–Wheat Cropping System

Enhancing cereal crop production to feed the largely growing population is an important approach towards maintaining food security. Fertilizer management is the major component of crop production requiring special attention for sustainable application. Integrated nutrient management (INM) is an evolving idea, which appears to contribute to sustainable nutrient management. A field study was designed to see the impact of INM on a maize–wheat cropping system during winter (wheat) and summer (maize) season at Agronomic Research Farm, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. Both wheat and maize crops were grown consecutively along with full inorganic fertilizer (NPK) as well as with partial dose of fertilizer (25%, 50%, 75% NPK) supplemented with or without the addition of biochar (5 ton/ha). Data were collected regarding crop growth, yield and quality and further analyzed using MSTAT-C statistics software. Results revealed that the INM approach (75% of NPK + Biochar) enabled crops to improve dry matter production and its translocation towards sink which in turn boosted the crop productivity. This treatment improved dry matter (19%, 57%), grain weight (44%, 54%), grain yield (60%, 63%) and harvest index (30%, 29%) over the control in maize and wheat crops. It also improved the nutrient uptake in the plants which in turn improved the nutrient contents in the grains. Similarly, crops recorded higher system productivity (USD 790, USD 830) in both years and were found to be economically sustainable under INM. It was concluded that an INM strategy (75% of NPK + Biochar) can improve the productivity and sustainability of a maize–wheat cropping system to maintain the food security.

Knowledge of Principles of Teaching and Learning and their Practices at Higher Education Level

Conveying information and skills from one person to another is called teaching. In order to make teaching effective, the Principles of teaching and learning are comprehensive which provide support to teachers for analyzing their practices and upgrade their teaching (Julianne, 2006).The major aim of the research was to examine the perceptions of university teachers about the knowledge and practices of  Principles of teaching and learning . To accomplish this aim all the teachers coaching at Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan was the population of the research study, which were 619 teachers (currently teaching at that time). Eight faculties were merged in to four strata by the researcher. Forty five departments were selected from these four strata by using Simple random sampling technique. Sample of 395 was selected from these 45 strata through using lottery method of simple random sampling. For data collection researcher used questionnaire. Reliability of the tool was also calculated using Cronbach's Alpha Model and the value of 0.96 was abstracted which indicated that the scale was steady and reliable. Collected data was tabulated, analysis and interpreted in the light of objectives of study. Descriptive statistics (i.e., Mean and SD) and inferential statistics t-test and analysis of variance were applied to obtain the answers of research question. The results of the research study revealed that most of the Principles of teaching and learning were esteemed high on the measure by teachers responding to the questionnaire. The top ranked principle was " Teacher identifies that differences among single students exist.” and the lowest rated principle was “Teacher organizes different ways for students to interact with native and wider communities.”.

Relationship Between Urobilinogen and Singing

Singing may cause urobilinogen in a person by releasing some sort of chemicals from brain. The standard average of students that took part in this experiment was 90 students. They were from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. They were mostly of age 18 to 22. The aim of this study was to find whether there is any tie-up between singing and urobilinogen level. The student’s opinions were noted after examining their urobilinogen level. We found out that most of the students have 0.1 mg/dL urobilinogen in their urine which is normal.

Comparison of Glucose in Urine with Likening of Pigeons as Pets

If someone is liking pigeons as pets, this may be due to their intelligent, effortless, and loving nature. The chief objectives of this study were to relate pigeon lovers as a pet with the level of glucose in their urine. Around 100 students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan were participants of this study. Pee has glucose that is measured for measuring the glucose in urine. If glucose is not present in the urine it shows the kidney is working well. There is no major effect of glucose in urine with the love of a pigeon as a pet.

EXPLORING THE ROLE OF TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING CLASSROOM

This study examines the nature of the teacher-student relationship and its possible effect on student achievement at undergraduate level. The basic purpose of this research paper was to analyze the factors influencing teacher student interaction at undergraduate level and the perception of teachers about effects of positive and negative interaction. For this study, qualitative method was used with close ended questionnaire. The data was analyzed using through excel graphs or statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS). This research was consisted 10 teachers and 20 students of department of English at Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and these make a sample of population. The focus on teacher-student interaction is important in the teaching process. The results show that teacher-student should know about the art of communication which involves cultural knowledge, needs of student, importance of a conducive environment that helps their learning styles. Teacher should also solve the problems of the students. The objective of this study is to analyze teacher-student interaction with respect to student’s achievement. Keywords: Behavior, Interaction, Learning, Students’ achievement.

Learner Autonomy in BS English Classrooms of Southern Punjab: A Learner's Perspective

Learner autonomy is a modern approach to language learning that requires maximum involvement of students in all the second language learning activities. This innovative concept has been successfully applied in the second language learning environment in Europe and many countries of Asia. This participation by language learners builds motivation and improves language proficiency. In this research, the researcher has endeavoured to measure the level of learner autonomy among BS English students of Southern Punjab. For this purpose, the researcher has accessed public and private sector universities of Southern Punjab as his population. These universities are Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, BZU Layyah sub-campus, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Ghazi University DG khan, Emerson University Multan, and Institute of Southern Punjab Multan. The learner autonomy questionnaire by I.P Egel (2003) was adopted to collect data from 600 learners from six universities in Southern Punjab. Data so collected was analyzed with the help of SPSS files version 22. Results have been presented in the form of graphs and tables.

Work-Family Role Conflict and its Impact on Job Performance of Academicians: A Case Study of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan

The purpose of this study was to explain how work-family role conflict impacted the lecturers, assistant professors, associate professors, professors differently and how much it affected their job performance. Following the simple random sampling technique, 160 academicians were selected from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, and the final data analysis was based on the data of 120 academicians. The data was collected using two adopted tools, i. e., the work-family role conflict scale and the individual work performance scale. SPSS was used for data analysis. The study used Independent Sample t-Test and One-Way analysis of the variance to measure the impact of work-family role conflict on academicians and their work performance. The results showed that work-family role conflict affected female academicians more than male academicians, and lecturers were more impacted by work-family role conflict than assistant professors, associate professors, and professors. Furthermore, results indicated that work-family role conflict impacted female job performance more than male academicians, and lecturers’ job performance affected more than assistant professors, associate professors, and professors.

Students of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs): Viability of Digital Media Literacy in Pakistan

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the dynamics of higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide. The dependency of students on ICTs increased significantly and it considered requisite for modern higher education. Adverse impacts of ICTs studied by scholars on students of higher education that reflect ICTs are influencing social interaction pattern, cognition, academics and bring addiction. However, little work is done in HEIs to create curricula of digital media literacy which may reflect the demography of students and direct training and utility of ICTs that may mitigate adverse effect. This article argues that how students of HEIs use ICTs and what are the plausible actors that can contribute in the digital media literacy in Pakistan. For this purpose, a structured questionnaire is designed to collect the data from 640 respondents of two major public sector universities of Pakistan i.e. University of Sargodha and Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan through online survey on google form by distributing it to various online WhatsApp groups by convenience sampling technique. Actor Network Theory (ANT) is the conceptual framework of this study. The findings of the study reveal that significant respondents spent their large amount of time on ICTs for pleasure instead of necessity drive. However, findings reflect that ICTs are using by youth for various purposes that are education, political and religious information, and entertainment. Moreover, the significant respondents use ICTs for connect themselves with Internet, gaming consoles, movies, audio/video players and sharing of documents. The gender is also significant factor that contributes in the utility of ICTs. This article argues on digital media curriculum development in the universities of Pakistan..

Difference between Traditional and Non-traditional Learning Methods in Virtual and Real-world Environment

The advancement of information and communication technology in 21st century is introducing new way of learning. The physical classroom learning method is very effective and a prevailing type learning. The main objective of the study was to explore the impact of non-traditional method of education in undergraduates. The main objective was to study the general impact of traditional learning method among students. The researcher had used the social survey method of research for data collection and researcher had used simple random sampling. The researcher had selected 60 respondents from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and 40 respondents from Virtual university Multan campus. Online learning saves time 88.3% real class students said that yes it saves time and 92.5% virtual learners agree that it saves time. The online learning reduced the dependency of place 70% traditional students were agreed this and 80% virtual students said that it reduced the dependency of place. Virtual learning is beneficial for both learning and job together 80% traditional students said yes, it is beneficial for both and 90% virtual students had also same views.Recently, use of information communication technology has been increased in our educational institutions. Due to this advancement in technology has made physical and virtual learning more effective for learners.

Awareness About Sickle Cell Anemia, its Causes and Impact on Health in University- Girls-Hostel Residents: A Questionnaire-Based Study

A survey was conducted to provide awareness about sickle cell anemia, reasons and its effect on health. A research was done to provide awareness about sickle cell anemia. Total 80 students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Girls hostel Khadija hall were involved in that study in which they were asked about sickle cell anemia disease type and its diagnose and how it can be controlled either by surgery or medicines or no need of its treatment and how it spreads and family friends history of this disease A survey was done to conduct information about sickle cell anemia disease type it’s diagnose, family history, its prevention and its control by medicines.MS word was used for statistical analysis. Present study estimated that majority of students are aware of the fact that it is a fungal disease rather than viral the percentage of students who said that it is a genetically transmitted are 41.4% and it is not an inherited disease. 50% of students are affected by this disease.

Cognizance of Color Blindness in University-Girls-Hostel Residents

The main purpose of the study was awareness about color blindness, its causes and impact on health in university-girls-hostel residents. Eighty students joined in this study. All the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Khadija hall girl’s hostel were involved in that study in which they were asked about color blindness it provides answers like is color blindness a viral infection or a bacterial disease, metabolic disease. Any one of you your family and friends have ever suffered from this disease? How can we treat it with the use of medicines or surgery? It is shifted genetically or by blood transfusion contact. Which they were asked about color blindness disease type and it’s diagnose and how it can be controlled either by surgery or medicines or no need of its treatment and how it spreads and family friends history of this disease. A survey was done by the awareness about color blindness its reasons and effect on health. A survey was done by the awareness about color blindness its reasons and effect on health. The statistical analysis was done by using MS word. Above study showed that majority of students said that AIDS is a bacterial disease rather than fungal disease. 67.5% of students claimed it as a bacterial disease but 36.25% said that it is not a genetically transferred disease. 53.75% of students had this disease.

Relationship Between Singing and Blood Urine Level

If someone is too much addicted to singing their brain may release some sort of chemicals that may cause urine in blood (hematuria). The examination was done among 90 students belonging to Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. It involves testing each and every student and then noting their opinions on singing in a separate form. From the data collected, various results and the relation between singing and blood in urine was derived. Although no link between these two can be seen but hematuria can be regarded as an uncommon disease. It can be due to various causes and can be examined by performing urinalysis test.

Information Seeking Behavior of Law Students in Pakistan

The major goal of this empirical study is to determine how undergraduate law students obtain legal knowledge. A survey research design was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was distributed through convenient sampling among the law students (n=257) of two participating public universities, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur and Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan. The questionnaire was first per-tested by two experts and then pilot-tested among the 15 respondents. The statistical package SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science V 23) is used to evaluate data, which is then displayed in tables with frequencies,means, modes, and percentages. Respondents frequently encountered Content, efficacy, and availability barriers, such as 'no access to full text once references are identified' (M= 3.67, SD= 3.388), 'doubt about the existence of relevant information (M=3.54, SD=2.451), 'it takes too long to find the answers' (M=3.66,SD=1.617), and 'it is easier to ask a colleague' (M=3.63, SD=1.221). The study concluded that the use of university law libraries among students is not popular. Only 4.6 Percent of students consider the law library as the first source of information when they face a difficult legal question.

Neuroticism and Introversion: The Personality Predispositions to develop Depression

The previous research studies claimed that there is a relationship between personality predispositions and affective disorders like depression. Personality traits like neuroticism and introversion are considered as a vulnerable factors for the development of depression. Therefore, the aim of this research study was to investigate that whether personality traits like introversion and neuroticisms are linked to depression. The researcher recruited a sample size of 200 university students who were studying in Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, and Women University Bahawalpur. Beck depression inventory (BDI), Introversion scale and Neuroticism dimension included in an inventory which was used to measure depression, introversion and neuroticism respectively. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, regression analysis and an independent sample t-tests. The results revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between neuroticism, introversion personality traits and depression. The introversion and neuroticism personality traits significantly predicted depression.

Analysis of Impact on Mental Health and Motivation Levels of Higher-Levels Students Due to Novel Virus COVID-19

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the impact on Mental Health and Motivation levels of university students because of nCOV-19. This study analyzed the perception of students’ mental health and Motivation level due to nCOV-19. The population comprised 25000 students of the University of Education Multan, Baha Uddin Zakariya University Multan, and MNS University of Agriculture Multan. They selected a sample of 250 students through the cluster and stratified sampling technique. A survey was conducted for the quantitative components of the study amongst students using a self-made questionnaire based on the factors of mental health and motivation level. Three factors of mental health are stress, anxiety, and depression. The researcher distributed and administered the questionnaires himself. The study reviewed relevant literature regarding nCOV-19, character and higher educational institutions, and other factors influencing these variables. The received information was broken down using illustrative and inferential measurements. Descriptive statistics included mean, median, mode, and standard deviation. The results show that students receive a high level of data collected about the motivational level of students. Both anxiety and depression at a low level, and stress at moderate level amongst university students during the nCOV-19 Pandemic. Inferential statistics included t-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. The commonness of stress and depression in females is greater than males with a minimum margin, which shows females face a slightly higher level of stress and depression than males. But the commonness of anxiety in females is greater than males with a moderate margin, which shows females face a higher level of anxiety than males. Pearson coefficient correlation indicates a negative low degree of correlation between the impact of motivational levels and students' academic achievement.

ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION WITH THE APPLICATION OF SUGARCANE INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS

Sugarcane industries generate a variety of by-products, which create disposal and environmental problems. The aim of current study was to find out the ways for utilization of these by-products in rice production. To elucidate this, a field trial was conducted at the research area (30.2°E; 71.5N°) of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. The calcareous soil with high pH (8.6) and low organic matter (0.5%) was used with following treatments: no input control (CK), only chemical fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK; CF), NPK+ Sugarcane Bagasse (SB), NPK+ Press Mud (PM), NPK+ Sugarcane Vinasse (SV), NPK+SB+PM (SB+PM), NPK+SB+SV (SB+SV), NPK+PM+SV (PM+SV), NPK+SB+PM+SV (SB+PM+SV). The results showed that SB significantly increased the plant height (16.3%), panicle length (9.3%), paddy yield (213.1%), and straw yield (189. 9%). Nutrient uptake was also improved, SB enhanced TN (324.6%), while the SB+PM increased the total phosphorus (318.2%), and total potassium (163.7%) contents in grains. Likewise, agronomic nutrient use efficiency was enhanced in SB treatment for N (274.2%), P (81.4%), and K (378.5%). Maximum net profit and benefit-cost ratio was observed in SB (93925 rupees; 0.54), followed by PM (91150; 0.53), SB+PM (85338; 0.51), and minimum was in control (12400; 0.22), respectively. The study concludes, application of organic by-products (SB+PM) can increase rice productivity and farm income with environmental safety.