Indonesian Language Research Articles

HSK TEST ANXIETY OF CHINESE LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Anxiety can affect the foreign language learning process negatively. Chinese language as one of the developed foreign languages in Indonesia faces this problem too. In the Chinese language, there is language testing called HSK or Hanyu Shuping Kaoshi. Test Anxiety is one of the students’ problems. Test anxiety in the Chinese language influence in student's learning process and achievement. This research aims to find and analyze students’ Chinese language test anxiety of HSK. The research method is descriptive quantitative and the procedure will be using a questionnaire that gives to the students—the anxiety measurement using Sarason TAS (Test Anxiety Scale). The result is anxiety level belongs to TAS moderate level with data mean 20, 43 points.

Indonesian WAIS-IV Cultural Research.

This study examined regional differences between Indonesians on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Indonesia (WAIS-IV ID) and, in comparison, to the US. Three hypotheses were examined: a) Java will demonstrate stronger WAIS-IV ID performances than non-Java (NJ) samples. b) WAIS-IV ID performances will be correlated with educational attainment. c) Indonesians with higher levels of education will perform comparably to US samples. The WAIS-IV was translated into Bahasa Indonesia and administered to a convenience sample representative of the Indonesian population breakdown by island. Comparisons between Java and NJ samples were analyzed by analyses of covariance controlling for education attainment. Comparisons between the Indonesian and US samples were analyzed by one sample t-tests. The Java sample performed significantly higher than the NJ sample. Performances for the Java but not the NJ sample significantly correlated with educational attainment. Indonesians performed significantly lower than the US on 19/20 WAIS-IV ID subtests measures. However, the Java sample demonstrated comparable performances with the US with both countries scoring significantly higher than the other on select subtests and indexes. The Java sample demonstrated lower performances for older age cohorts with increasingly stronger scores across younger age cohorts. This pattern was paralleled by increases in educational attainment. All hypotheses were supported except for correlations between educational attainment and WAIS-IV ID performances which was significant for the Java sample but not the NJ sample. Findings were interpreted within the context of economics and educational attainment and quality.

Self-esteem, Islamic Behavior, and Writing Assessment for Indonesian Language Madrasa Teachers: An Empirical Phenomenological Investigation

Improving students' academic achievement in Indonesian language studies at madrasas requires effective writing evaluations. This study explores how Islamic behavior and self-esteem attribution among Indonesian language teachers at Madrasas influence their approach to creating writing assessments using a phenomenological method. Through in-depth interviews with twenty teachers, the thematic analysis revealed that teachers' Islamic values provide a religious framework that shapes their understanding and application of assessment development. Teachers' evaluations incorporate moral and religious principles, reflecting on their self-worth and the intrinsic value of students' written work. Islamic behavior and the attribution of self-esteem enhance teachers' commitment to fair, reflective assessments, which ultimately support students' literacy and academic growth. The study suggests that embedding Islamic behavior and self-esteem attribution in writing assessments strengthens teacher development and student success in Indonesian language studies. Future studies could further explore the role of these factors in teacher preparation and assessment practices in Indonesian madrasas.

Exploring the Lexical Influence of Arabic on Bahasa Indonesia: Phonetically Transcribed

The influence of one language on another is a common phenomenon, and given that Arabic is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, it is not surprising that it has influenced other languages. One such language is Bahasa Indonesia, which is spoken in Indonesia, one of the most populous nations in the world. There appears to be a lack of comprehensive analyses on the lexical influence of Arabic on Bahasa Indonesia. Such an analysis is an essential linguistic aspect that needs to be highlighted. Thus, this study aims to investigate the extent of the linguistic impact of Arabic on Bahasa Indonesia, specifically focusing on the lexicon. This research gathered data from twelve native speakers of Bahasa Indonesia, aged between 19 and 34, who were asked to produce Arabic lexical items. All Arabic loanwords in the data were identified and phonetically transcribed using International Phonetic Alphabet symbols. The findings revealed that Arabic has significantly impacted Bahasa Indonesia, enriching its lexicon in various domains, particularly in the religious domain, as well as in academic, political, and everyday language. The study concludes that Arabic has notably contributed to the development of Bahasa Indonesia’s vocabulary and recommends further research on other linguistic aspects such as semantics, phonology, or morphology.

Automatic Semantic Annotation of Indonesian Language Phrase Using N-Gram Language Model

Building semantic data populations in unstructured data or text is challenging. In this type of data, several problems can be raised, some of which are difficult to analyze. Some groups of words or expressions cannot be defined according to their meaning and can be a source of ambiguity. It can have a different meaning depending on the context of its use. This work aims to automatically annotate Indonesian Language text, especially phrases, with the existing knowledge base. The result is text with semantic markup. Machines can automatically process this type of text because it describes its meaning. This work applies an n-gram language model to identify meaningful phrases and defines them as a unit so that every existing word or phrase is automatically semantically tagged. This work uses the DBpedia and schema.org knowledge base. The percentage of successfully labeled data in this job was 78% with 84.95% accuracy using DBpedia and 5.9% with 97.46% accuracy using schema .org. Some factors affect the accuracy score, including the availability of the required data with the data contained in the knowledge base, the system's ability in the POS tagging process, and many new terminology and local cultures that have not yet been contained in the knowledge bases, especially schema.org that is utilized as a standard for all search engines. This work will help the machine understand the semantics of text data. All pages obtained will be semantically tagged and, therefore, will be understood by machines. This ability will support the following processes.

Increasing Slow Learner Reading Abilities Through Functional Reading : A Single-Case Study on An Elementary School Student

This study explored the effectiveness of teaching functional literacy to a 12-year-old slow learner in Indonesia. The participant struggles read words longer than two syllables and struggles to meet academic expectations. This research uses a qualitative approach with the single-subject design using the reversal method or the ABA research design. Data was collected through three phases: baseline, intervention, and evaluation phases. This study utilizes two sets of flashcards as instruments. The first set consists of pictorial cards displaying twelve common street signs, while the second set contains word cards with the matching names of the signs in Bahasa Indonesia. Each card is printed on a 13 cm by 7 cm flashcard. Over the intervention sessions, the participant demonstrated significant progress in functional reading skills. The data collected was then analyzed using visual analysis. The results indicates that slow learners benefit from frequent, concrete, and visually based learning abilities that aligns for their need for repetition. This study highlights the importance of functional literacy in enhancing independent living skills among slow learners, providing the students with the tool to better navigate their surroundings.

A Learning Model for Explanation Text Literacy Using Flipbook Applications in SMP/MTS

This research aims to develop an explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application as media in SMP/MTS. The background to this problem 1) How is the planning for an explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application as a medium in class VIII SMP/MTS? 2) How to implement an explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application as a medium in class VIII SMP/MTS? 3) What is the effectiveness of the explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application as a medium in class VIII SMP/MTS? This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) research and development method with the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The steps of this research consist of, needs analysis, learning model design, learning model development, implementation of learning model products, evaluation of learning model products. Data collection in this research was by collecting data from the results of expert validation questionnaires and questionnaires from student assessments. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively using a Likert scale. The results of the validation test by media experts obtained a score of 77.94%, the validation test by language experts obtained a score of 81.25%, the Indonesian language teacher's response score obtained a score of 97.33%, and the average student response obtained a score of 82.13%. The conclusion of this research is that the explanatory text literacy learning model using the flipbook application media in SMP/MTS meets the appropriate criteria to be used as a learning model by students or teachers in Indonesian language subjects with explanatory text material in class VIII SMP/ MTS students.

Digital Teaching Materials for Historical Narrative Texts Oriented to Character Education for SD/MI Students

This research aims to develop digital teaching materials for historical narrative texts oriented towards character education for SD/MI students. Background to the problem of this research 1) What is the need for digital teaching materials for historical narrative texts oriented towards character education for SD/MI? 2) How are digital teaching materials for historical narrative texts oriented towards character education for SD/MI? 3) What is the feasibility of digital teaching materials for historical narrative texts oriented towards character education for SD/MI? This research uses research and development methods with the ADDIE (Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluate) model. The steps in this research consist of needs analysis, designing digital teaching materials, developing digital teaching materials, implementing digital teaching material products, and product evaluation (digital teaching materials). Data collection in this research was by collecting data from the results of expert validation questionnaires and student assessment questionnaires. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively using a Likert scale. The results of the validation test by material experts obtained a value of 2.93, the validation test by media experts obtained a value of 3.00. The validation test by the Indonesian language teacher received a value of 3.03. The results of implementing e-module teaching materials in schools received a positive response from students with a score of 3.2. The conclusion of this research is that digital historical narrative text teaching materials oriented towards character education for SD/MI students meet the appropriate criteria for use as teaching materials by students or teachers in Indonesian language subjects. Narrative text materials for fifth grade SD/MI students.

Translation and Validation of the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire in Indonesian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

The purpose of the study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the 24-item Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) for Indonesian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Forward-backward translation, adaptation involving 7 experts, and pretesting to develop the Indonesian version of DKQ were conducted. Psychometric analysis was carried out among T2D patients from 40 primary health care centers in Indonesia. Known-group, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed. Additionally, a descriptive item analysis was conducted. In total, 39 patients participated in the pretesting and 304 patients in the validation process and descriptive analysis. Of the 24 items, 2 were adjusted during the adaptation process, and 1 item was deleted because it did not adequately reflect the original item. Known-group validity was demonstrated because patients with younger ages, higher educational levels, and longer diabetes duration had significantly higher DKQ scores. Convergent validity was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation of the DKQ scores with overall treatment satisfaction. The 23-item DKQ Bahasa Indonesia showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.73; omega total = 0.72) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.87 in a sample of 27 patients). No floor and ceiling effects were found in the item analysis. The study demonstrates adequate validity and reliability of the 23-item DKQ Bahasa Indonesia for assessing diabetes knowledge in Indonesian primary care patients with T2D. This instrument can be used to identify room for improvement and develop diabetes education programs.

OKE STAR: Supporting the success of lesson study in high school

The first aim of our study is to document how the SBLS implementation process works. The second aim is to analyze teacher and student responses to implementing a School Based Lesson Study (SBLS). This research is survey research. The survey was conducted at one of the state high schools in Malang. The data collection process was carried out through observation, interviews, and the administration of questionnaires. Data collection was carried out in May 2024. Participants in this study were 33 students. They are 1 school principal, three Indonesian language subject teachers, and 29 class XI science students. A total of 16 male students and 13 female students. The students' ages range from 15 to 16 years. Observation, interviews, and student and teacher response questionnaires collected data. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The survey results show that implementing Lesson Study (LS) in schools has gone well. Students no longer look awkward when observed; teachers are skilled at planning and reflecting on learning outcomes. The school principal actively participates in LS activities by implementing the OKE STAR method. The response of teachers and students to learning that uses LS activities is very good.

Harmonizing Languages: The Impact of Multilingual Classroom Dynamics on Teaching Indonesian in Taiwan

This case study investigates the intricate interplay of multilingualism, specifically in Chinese and English, and its consequential impact on the language of instruction in the context of teaching Indonesian as a foreign language in Taiwan. This research delves into the nuances of language pedagogy within a multicultural and multilingual educational setting. This study employs case study methodology, gathering data through classroom observations and openended student questionnaires. Additionally, students' progress, as evidenced by assignments and feedback, serves as a quantitative indicator to measure the influence of multilingualism on their language learning journey. Key objectives include examining student preferences and perceptions on the use of Chinese and English in Indonesian language course instruction. The research explores instances of code-switching and code-mixing, shedding light on the dynamic language choices of instructors and learners. Through an analysis of student progress, the study aims to discern tangible outcomes associated with the multilingual approach. The results show that students found the classroom dynamics positive and motivating, enhancing their learning experience. Local students benefited from using Chinese, while international students appreciated the multilingual approach, though some noted occasional delays in translation. Overall, the study provides insights into the benefits and challenges of multilingualism in Indonesian language instruction in Taiwan, contributing to discussions on effective practices in multilingual education.

Analysis of Learning Styles Based on Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes in Elementary School Students

Understanding students' learning styles is a key factor in effective learning, as it helps teachers optimize the teaching and learning process and improve student success. This study aims to examine the relationship between students' learning styles and learning outcomes in the Indonesian language subject. The research uses a survey method with a sample of 46 fifth-grade elementary school students using saturated sampling techniques. The results indicate that the majority of students have a kinesthetic learning style (43.5%), followed by visual learning styles (30.4%) and auditory styles (26.1%). The learning outcomes of visual learners are higher compared to the others, with an average score of 84.3 in the good category, while auditory learners perform better than kinesthetic learners but lower than visual learners, with an average score of 81.4 in the fair category, whereas kinesthetic learners have lower results compared to the others, with an average score of 79.5 in the fair category. This suggests that a teaching process that does not consider the diversity of learning styles can negatively impact students' learning outcomes. Therefore, teachers need to pay attention to students' learning styles to enhance learning effectiveness so that students' learning outcomes can be optimal.

The Application of Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) Approach In Learning The Indonesian Language

This research was conducted to reflect on teachers' performance and analyze the improvement of the quality of student learning in Indonesian language subjects. This research aims to explore the use of poetry learning strategies through CRT. The focus is on improving the quality of Indonesian language learning by implementing CRT in the students' environment. This research design uses a case study. Based on the implementation of Field Experience Practices, it was found that students looked sleepy and easily bored while learning the Indonesian language. This case was because Indonesian learning displays too much long text. So, the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach was implemented to solve the problem. Teaching using the CRT approach in the Indonesian language subject was carried out for eight weeks with two sessions of meetings in class X.1 of State Senior High School 1 Jember. The results showed that students actively participate in the learning process. Besides, learners' learning activities support the existence of learning products. The Indonesian language learning product produced is a musicalization video of poetry. The product also received feedback from the teacher in the form of appreciation, enthusiasm, and motivation for students. The findings of this research show that improving the quality of learning can be achieved by utilizing CRT as a context in the development of texts and their instruction. The meaningfulness of the learning can be seen from the students' deep understanding, enabling them to grasp the benefits and functions of studying texts in Indonesian. This study recommends implementing Culturally Responsive Teaching in Indonesian language learning subjects to increase student learning activities. One of the activities of Culturally Responsive Teaching is creating appropriate activities for students' cultural backgrounds in the form of musicalization poetry.

Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi terhadap Motivasi Belajar

The learning process involves interaction between teachers and students to achieve effective and efficient educational goals. Learning media plays an important role in improving students' understanding and attracting their interest and attention to the material being taught. In today's digital era, the development of information and communication technology has made it possible to use various types of learning media, such as videos, animations, and interactive applications, which makes the learning process more interesting and enjoyable. This study aims to analyze internal and external factors that affect the effectiveness of the use of technology-based learning media on student learning motivation. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach, involving students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education study program. The results of the study show that the use of interactive learning media, especially videos, is very effective in improving students' understanding of concepts and stimulating their active involvement in the learning process. The availability of media that suits the needs of students and learning goals is essential to create a fun and productive learning atmosphere. The selection of the right learning media, based on student needs and learning objectives, can significantly improve the quality of education. The use of technology in education, especially technology-based media, provides opportunities to create a better learning experience, encourage student motivation, and achieve more optimal learning outcomes.

A Novel Fusion of Machine Learning Methods for Enhancing Named Entity Recognition in Indonesian Language Text

One of the important implementations in machine learning is Named Entity Recognition (NER), which is used to process text and extract entities such as people, organizations, laws, religions, and locations. NER for the Indonesian language still faces significant challenges due to the lack of high-quality labelled datasets, which limits the development of more advanced models. To address this issue, we utilized several pre-trained BERT models (bert-base-uncased, indobenchmark/indobert-base-p1, indolem/indobert-base-uncased) and datasets (NERGRIT-IndoNLU, NERGRIT-Corpus, NERUGM, and NERUI). This study proposes a novel fusion approach by integrating deep learning architectures such as CNN, Bi-LSTM, Bi-GRU, and CRF to detect 19 entities. This approach enhances BERT’s sequence modelling and feature extraction capabilities, while CRF improves entity prediction by enforcing global word-sequence constraints. Experimental results demonstrate that the fusion approach outperforms previous methods. On the bert-base-uncased dataset, accuracy reached 94.75%, while indobenchmark/indobert-base-p1 achieved 95.75%, and indolem/indobert-base-uncased achieved 95.85%. This study emphasizes the effectiveness of combining deep learning architectures with pre-trained transformers to improve NER performance in the Indonesian language. The proposed methodology offers significant advancements in entity extraction for languages with limited datasets, such as Indonesian.

Digital Teaching Materials of Logical Thinking - Oriented Exposition Text for X Graders of SMA/MA/SMK

This research aims to develop a logical thinking-oriented exposition digital teaching material product that is feasible and effective for Indonesian Language learning in grade X students of SMA/MA/SMK. This research uses a research and development method (Research and Development) with the ADDIE (Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation) model. Data collection in the study was carried out and analyzed descriptively, both quantitative and qualitative. The result of the design and development of this digital teaching material is a digital module in the form of pdf and a Flipbook consisting of a cover, concept map, learning objectives, until author biodata. It also contains materials in videos to practice listening, reading and writing that can be accessed in youtube by scanning the link. The results of product validation by language, material and media validators and practitioners stated that the digital teaching materials of logical thinking-oriented exposition texts for SMA/MA/SMK with a result of 80.79% mean "Feasible" to use. The results of the implementation of digital teaching materials for logical thinking-oriented exposition texts for 63 grade X students at SMAN 1 Gantar, SMAN 1 Gantar and MA Ma'had al-Zaytun, showed that there was a significant development between student learning outcomes before and after the use of digital teaching materials after being assessed using the T-Test (Paired sample Test), meaning "effective" for learning exposition text materials. Thus, digital teaching materials for logical thinking-oriented exposition texts for teachers and students of class X SMA/MA/SMK are feasible and effective in learning.

Grammatical Relations of German and Indonesian language in Criminal Texts Der Spiegel and Kompas

This study aims to analyze the types of grammatical relations that appear in Germany in the German criminal text Der Spiegel and Indonesian in the Indonesian criminal text Kompas. The data in this study are 127 clauses in German and 90 clauses in Indonesia. The data sources in this study are 3 German crime texts in the German (online) magazine Der Spiegel and 3 Indonesia newspapers Kompas in the May 2024 issue. The research design used is Qualitative Descriptive. Data collection was carried out using critical reading and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the approach used in this study is the Typology approach of Comrie (1981) and Farrel (2005). The results of this study show that there are: (1) 4 types of grammatical relations, namely Nominative with 13 findings (10%), Nominative-Acoussative with 48 findings (38%), Active language with 44 findings (35%) and Passive language with 22 findings (17%) appear as types of grammatical relations that occur in German in the online criminal text Der Spiegel; (2) 4 types of grammatical relations found in Indonesian criminal texts in Kompas, that is Nominative with 7 findings (8%), Nominative-Accusative with 38 findings (42%), Active language with 32 findings (36%) and Passive language with 13 findings (14%); (3) the Nominative-Accusative grammatical relationship type with 48 findings (38%) is the dominant one found in the German criminal text in the May 2024 edition of Der Spiegel online; and (4) the Nominative-Accusative grammatical relationship type with 38 findings (42%) is the most dominant in the Indonesian crime text in the May 2024 issue of the Kompas newspaper.

Development of a communicative BIPA digital dictionary featuring Central Javanese cuisine for American students

This study aims to develop a communicative BIPA (Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers) digital dictionary featuring traditional Central Javanese cuisine for students in the United States. The dictionary is expected to introduce Indonesian local culture through Indonesian language learning. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The data collection phase involved 32 BIPA students in the United States, using instruments such as open-ended questionnaires, validation sheets, and observations. The results of the study showed that 87.5% of students experienced a significant improvement in their culinary vocabulary mastery after using the developed digital dictionary. Expert validation indicated that the digital dictionary has a validity level of 93% in terms of content, 91% in terms of media, and 95% in terms of pedagogy. In conclusion, this communicative BIPA digital dictionary featuring traditional Central Javanese cuisine is effective in enhancing vocabulary mastery and understanding of local culture for BIPA students in the United States. The use of this dictionary can support a more interactive and contextual learning process and reduce cultural barriers for students who will interact with communities in Central Java.

Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals and People with a Spinal Cord Injury on Resistance Exercise Intensity in Japan, Indonesia, Korea and Thailand

(1) Background: This study aims to investigate differences in the perspectives of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) on resistance exercise intensity in Asian countries in association with knowledge translation (KT). Also, it verifies the appropriateness of the conventional indicators for resistance exercise intensity in an Asian context. (2) Methods: 121 certified HCPs and 107 adults with SCI participated in a survey conducted in Indonesian, Japanese, Korean and Thai languages. The survey asked what principles are important for prescribing resistance exercise, and if ‘moderate’ and ‘vigorous’ were appropriate terms for indicating an intensity level. Perspective differences were examined between both groups and, further, between countries from a psychosocial perspective. (3) Results: Of the HCPs, 92% perceived that resistance exercise intensity was far more important than frequency, time or type of exercise while frequency (61%) followed by intensity (58%) was perceived as important by respondents with SCI. Only Japanese respondents with SCI agreed with the HCPs’ perception of intensity. Both HCPs and respondents with SCI showed unfavorable responses to the usage of ‘moderate’ and ‘vigorous’ for describing resistance exercise intensity, especially Japanese HCPs and respondents with SCI from Indonesia. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that non-HCPs must improve their perceptions of exercise intensity. Our findings also suggest the need for more explicit and user-friendly terms or expressions indicating the level of intensity in a local (Asian) context.

Pengaruh Penguasaan Bahasa Indonesia terhadap Pemahaman Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan Jasmani pada Mahasiswa

The mental and physical health of students is greatly influenced by physical education, especially in the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PJKR) study program at Medan State University. One of the languages ​​that can be used in PJKR learning to understand the Theory and Practice of Education and to communicate with lecturers and friends during lectures is Indonesian. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Indonesian language proficiency on students' understanding of physical education theory and practice. This is because language is an important communication tool in learning, including in physical education lessons. The results of the study showed that increasing Indonesian language proficiency has an effect on contributing to improving student achievement in the field of Physics education.