Baggage Transportation Research Articles

Lease as an Element of Legal Relations to Ensure the Implementation of Passenger and Baggage Transportation Activities by Passenger Taxis

Lease as an Element of Legal Relations to Ensure the Implementation of Passenger and Baggage Transportation Activities by Passenger Taxis

Modular vehicles can reduce greenhouse gas emissions for departure flight baggage transportation

Rapid and on-time baggage transportation plays a crucial role in ensuring customer satisfaction and is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the aviation sector. Modular Vehicle (MV) is an emerging transportation technology that allows vehicles to adjust their capacity flexibly by assembling or disassembling identical detachable units. This innovative technology offers a new perspective to decarbonize the aviation sector, as it holds promise for reducing GHG emissions in flight baggage transportation. To investigate this possibility, this study proposes an MV operation paradigm and a corresponding “greenest” MV scheduling problem that aims to minimize MV-relevant GHG emissions while transporting baggage from the terminal to the aircraft without delay. To solve the problem efficiently, a fast construction-merging heuristic is proposed based on the theoretical properties of the problem. A series of case studies at the Tampa International Airport were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed MV operation and the construction-merging heuristic. The results indicate that the proposed MV operation effectively reduces GHG emissions, and the heuristic solves near-optimal solutions to the investigated problem much faster than Gurobi, a state-of-the-art commercial solver for integer programs, without much loss of the optimality of the solutions. Results from this study provide important managerial and operational insights into decarbonizing baggage transportation for airport operators.

ПОДАТКОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ І СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ АВІАЦІЙНО-КОСМІЧНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article summarizes the institutional features of taxation of the aviation and space complex by its sub-sectors and individual types of economic activity. The principles of building a tax system for aircraft manufacturing entities, the content of their benefits from VAT, corporate income tax, and land tax are highlighted. The list of their transactions, which are exempt from VAT taxation and taxed at a zero rate, has been systematized. The conditions for exemption from the payment of income tax for aircraft manufacturing entities, the requirements for the targeted use of the released funds and the principles of state control over its legality have been determined. The tax system for aviation transport enterprises has been formalized, which includes benefits from VAT, excise taxes, as well as income tax under contracts of compulsory insurance of passenger transportation of civil aviation. Differences in VAT taxation of international and domestic transportation of passengers and baggage by air transport have been established. The list of its services, which are taxed at zero VAT rate, are exempt from VAT taxation and are not subject to VAT taxation, is defined. The reasons for the application of the excise tax rate without the application of the increasing coefficient for the import and production of aviation gasoline and fuel for jet engines have been clarified. The requirements for registration of tax benefits for transactions with excise goods in terms of the use of tax invoices, excise invoices, sales contracts, etc. are highlighted. Considered possible options for paying off a tax bill for a certain amount of excise tax. The experience of tax incentives for the implementation of the national infrastructural and transport project “Air Express” through the provision of VAT benefits has been systematized. It is substantiated by directions for improving the taxation of the aviation and space complex in terms of: equalization of the tax status of aircraft construction entities and manufacturers of space equipment, the application of a reduced VAT rate for all domestic air transportation, changes in the principles of state financial control of tax benefits based on an audit of the effectiveness of their use.

Cyber security in marine transport

In recent years, the number of cyber attacks, virus carriers, and cybercrime on maritime transport facilities has increased significantly. The emergence of new types of maritime vessels, such as autonomous vessels, dependent entirely on information and communication technologies used for passengers, cargo and baggage transportation, requires legal regulation of relations in this area. Therefore, ensuring cybersecurity in maritime transport and the need to adopt appropriate legal norms, standards and measures at both the international and national levels to manage maritime cyber risks are considered one of the most relevant topics for maritime transport. There is no single, systematic integrated approach, unification of requirements and rules in cybersecurity’s sphere of maritime transport [15]. In this regard, the authors analyze the issues of ensuring cybersecurity in maritime transport, the legal basis of security: some international documents and national legal acts, regulating cybersecurity in maritime transport, will be considered, as well as the main question of how they are able to meet modern requirements for ensuring cybersecurity in maritime transport.

Development of Automatic Chair Transport System - Chair Recognition and Approach Strategy –

In schools and other educational institutions, there are many instances that require the arrangement of chairs depending on the required purpose, such as a class or event. Some chairs are on casters; however, educational institutions typically use stacking or folding chairs. Although effective in terms of storage, these must be lifted by hand during transportation, increasing the burden on the workforce. While automation of baggage transport in warehouses has improved significantly, little attention has been paid to the automation of chair transport. Despite the demand and the fact that self-propelled chairs have already been developed, automatic transport of chairs without casters has never been reported. In this study, we constructed an automatic chair-transport system using an omnidirectional mobile robot and focused on a stacking chair that allowed the robot to position itself underneath. The developed system utilizes the image of the seat and frame pipe of the stacking chair to estimate the chair’s position and direction with respect to the robot. Once the robot has positioned itself under the chair, the chair is lifted and transported using a lifter device attached to the robot.

Jurisdiction and termination of the international air carriage in the context of countering COVID-19

The article examines the issues of private law consequences of countering the global viral pandemic COVID-19 in the sphere of jurisdiction and termination of the international air transportation agreement. It is established that the jurisdictional mechanism of consideration of claims from contracts of international air transportation of passengers and baggage requires coordination of the procedure of the claim procedure and court pro-ceedings carried out carried out under the provisions on the protection of consumer rights. In international law and national regulation, the tendency of differentiation of approaches to various types of claims of passengers in case of violation of the obligations of carriers under contracts for interna-tional air carriage is highlighted. Attention is drawn to the difference in the legal regulation of international and domestic air transportation, the use of conflict-of-law mechanisms and norms of international law having priority over national legislation. The study compares the provisions of procedural and private international law, examines the provisions of judicial practice and analyzes international legal norms. It is concluded that in relation to emer-gency conditions like the COVID-19 virus pandemic, the current law needs to be improved. Attention is drawn to the need to strengthen the leading role of law in the context of the increasing technical and informational development of society and the globalization of information links and communications.

A New Design of Sydney’s Frontport Check-in System

This paper proposed a scheme design for Sydney’s frontport check-in system, which completes check-in and baggage drop-off at Sydney’s Circular Quay, and transports the baggage to Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport by waterway, and provided a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of Sydney’s frontport check-in system. Using the process method of quality management, the frontport check-in process was divided into three sub-processes: baggage consignment, baggage packing and transportation, and airport baggage handling. The eight key elements of each sub-process such as input, output, resources, and methods, etc. were discussed, the key factors influencing the cost of baggage transportation were analyzed, and the cost control measures such as adopting economic speed, reducing fuel consumption of the main engine, improving the ship loading rate, and raising loading and unloading efficiency were proposed. At the same time, two different types of baggage transportation ships and other parameters that affect the cost such as the number of berths, ships, lifting machineries, and the yard area were analyzed and calculated through calculation cases. This scheme is a beneficial addition to the existing in-town check-in system.

Estimation of body direction based on gait for service robot applications

Recently, there have been several studies on the research and development of service robots, such as reception or waiter robots for facilities and companion robots for support of baggage transportation or guidance in public spaces. Several experimental results in real environments have been reported. To realize socially acceptable human–robot interaction for service robots, human recognition, including not only position but also body direction, around the robot is important. Using an RGB-D camera, it is possible to detect the posture of a person. However, because the viewing angle of the camera is narrow, it is difficult to recognize the environment around the robot with a single device. This study proposes the estimation of the body direction based on the gait, that is, not only the position and velocity, but also the state of the legs (stance or swing phase), using laser range sensors installed at shin height. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed method for several patterns of movement, which are seen when a person interacts with the service robot and evaluate measurement accuracy.

Принцип добросовестности в судебной практике разрешения споров, связанных с перевозкой грузов, пассажиров и багажа

Принцип добросовестности в судебной практике разрешения споров, связанных с перевозкой грузов, пассажиров и багажа

Cluster Analysis of the Routes of the New Management Model for Surface Urban Passenger Mass Transit

The city of Moscow has implemented a new management model for surface urban passenger transportation (NMM). To consistently monitor the quality of transportation services it is suggested to introduce a methodology of its assessment. The methodology for assessing quality of public transport services is supposed to be tested on routes serviced by commercial enterprises under state contracts for provision of public transportation services by public transport on the routes of regular passenger and baggage transportation by road in urban traffic. The objective of the research was to select objects in order to test the methodology for assessing quality of public transportation services provided by surface urban public mass transit (SUPMT) on routes serviced in the framework of NMM. A scientifically substantiated partition of a given sample of routes has been performed. The routes have been classified using the classical method of hierarchical cluster analysis, where the Euclidean distance with a single rule of cluster joining was used as a measure of proximity. The clustering procedure was performed using the Ward method. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, ten routes were selected that are subject to further analysis.

Statistical prediction models of impact damage of airport conveyor belts

In the systems under the impact load such as airport conveyor belts used for the baggage transportation, the load is changed quickly in the short time intervals and the arising stresses are several times higher than related static stresses. The detailed stress analysis during the impact is theoretically a complex task and therefore the simplified solutions and related models have to be defined. They are based on the law of conservation and transfer of energy in assumption that during the impact the kinetic energy of the impacting object - baggage is very quickly changed into the potential energy of the stress of the elastic system - of the conveyor belt and particularly into the heat energy, which is often for the purpose of the approximate solution neglected. This process results after the certain operation time into the mechanical damage followed by the necessity to replace these segments, from which the conveyor belt consists. The article deals with the impact damage of these segments and describes methodology for the evaluation of the probability of their damage during the operation applying available statistical models, based on which it is possible to create a proposal for the optimization of the maintenance processes for the practical operation of the conveyor belt.

Problem of Location of Taxi Ranks and Taxi Dispatch Service Operations in Moscow

The article considers the technological aspects of organization of passenger and baggage transportation by taxi cabs in megacities, referring particularly to the practices of a number of countries.The authors analyze l e g a l regulation and technological development of taxi services in Moscow metropolitan area, including the current system for organizing the work of passenger taxi dispatch services taking into account centralization of information flows in a single city system.An analysis of methods for planning placement of taxi ranks shows that outdated approaches are used to solve that problem without using modern information and communication technologies. In this regard, the methodological foundations of planning the organization of taxi ranks based on geoinformation data in the city of Moscow are proposed.The studies and analysis made it possible to determine relevance and feasibility of existing and justification for planning of new taxi ranks, taking into account the requirements for rationality of location of taxi ranks from the point of view of ensuring a small walking distance for passengers, as well as reducing time of car delivery. The proposed method using accurate coordinates transmitted by the largest taxi dispatch service companies into the Unified Regional Navigation and Information System of the city of Moscow allows to implement these requirements.

Approbation of Methods for Assessing Transport Services Quality

The article presents the results of approbation of the methodology for assessing the quality of public service by urban passenger transport of municipal routes, which are assigned to commercial enterprises under the new management model, regarding the city ofMoscow. The model provides for provision of services of regular transportation of passengers and baggage on the basis of public contracts with city administration. According to the results of a previously performed hierarchical cluster analysis, where the Euclidean distance with a single rule for cluster unification was used as a measure of proximity using the Ward method, ten routes were selected for assessment. Key parameters for assessment the quality of provided services comprised accessibility of stopping points, of social facilities, of transport facilities for people with disabilities, information facilities, price affordability, comfort, optimal passenger capacities of vehicle, and ecological friendliness. Conclusions have been drawn that the level of quality of transport services for passengers inMoscowis high.

Research on Air Passenger Baggage Tracking Based on Consortium Chain

Air passenger baggage transportation has such a long time and space span that it is difficult to track. Aiming at baggage transportation process of air passenger check-in with baggage, blockchain technology was combined with baggage handling system to study whole process tracking and real-time monitoring methods. Consortium chain architecture model applied to baggage tracking system is constructed. Baggage tracking mode based on the model and connection method of data space and physical space are designed. Change of baggage in physical space can be sensed on blockchain data space. Simulation experiment verifies traceability and safety of the method, which can improve normal rate of baggage transportation.

МЕТОД ЗАГАЛЬНОГО ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ЛІТАКІВ

A method of general design of regional passenger planes for transportation of passengers, baggage, mail and cargo on domestic and international airlines with the possibility of operating on airfields with concrete and prepared unpaved runways is proposed. Airplane is designed to replace the outdated Tu-134 passenger aircraft in the fleet of airlines of the CIS and other countries. The concept of creating an aircraft using integrated design systems has been developed. The effect of the aircraft parameters on the aerodynamic and mass characteristics was taken into account, subject to the requirements for layout and flight safety. The range of variation of the aircraft modifications parameters has been determined. The method has been tested by comparing the obtained parameters with the regional passenger aircraft of the Antonov State Enterprise.The aircraft features a modern aerodynamic configuration and efficient engines. Modern flight and navigation equipment and radio communication equipment, the use of multifunctional indicators, electrical distant flight control system allowing them to be used on any airways, in simple and complex meteorological conditions, day and night, and on routes with high flight intensity at high comfort level of passengers and crew.Passenger comfort is provided at the average level of long-haul aircraft, and is achieved by a rational layout and composition of service rooms, deep ergonomic optimization of the overall and individual space of the passenger compartment. The aircraft fully complies with the AP-25 airworthiness standards.The main technical characteristics of the aircraft are comparable to the characteristics of the analogue aircraft of Embraer and Bombardier companies. In addition, the aircraft has several advantages, such as the ability to operate on aerodromes with poorly prepared and unpaved runways, the presence of a door-ramp, high engine safety from damage by foreign objects, a high level of passenger comfort and large luggage racks, high efficiency of operation; high level of competitiveness in the global market

Air transport of lithium batteries

Lithium batteries turned out to be a true discovery of the 20th century. They are used in almost all models of mobile phones, tablets, handheld computers and cameras. There are many electronic devices equipped with internal energy sources such as a battery or accumulator in the air trans-port of cargo (cargo), hand luggage and registered luggage. Few travelers are aware, however, that these elements often pose a huge threat. Paper discussed the transport of lithium batteries in airplanes. The presentation and analysis of regulations regarding the transport of lithium batteries in hand luggage, checked baggage and cargo transportation were focused on. The first part presented the characteristics of lithium batteries. Regulations regarding the transport of lithium batteries by air transport are presented in the second part. The statistics of aviation events with the participation of lithium batteries were presented. The rules for the transport of lithium batteries in passenger and cargo luggage are also discussed.

Analysis of sanitary and irretrievable losses depending on the nature and conditions of emergency situations on the railway

Relevance. The relevance of the problem is determined by the importance of rail transport in Russia for supporting a diversified economy and implementing socially important services for transportation of goods, baggage and passengers. A system of rapid response and medical assistance to victims in large-scale emergencies on the railway also exists due to large numbers of victims and remoteness of emergency areas from large settlements.Intention. To develop an algorithm for predicting irretrievable and sanitary losses depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents.Methods. A comprehensive analysis of the 200 most significant railway accidents in the world from 1960 to 2018. Using statistical procedures, the determinants of the number of victims were assessed.Results and discussion. The average data, the dispersion of the number of victims in emergency situations on the railway were determined depending on the nature of accidents. The factors influencing the number of sanitary and irretrievable losses are identified. A predictive algorithm to determine the number of victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents. The structure of injuries in victims depending on the nature and conditions of railway accidents is described.Conclusion. The data obtained in the study will help in making decisions on the elimination of emergency situations on the railway.

Understanding price elasticity for airline ancillary services

Recently, the general trend in the airline industry has been to generate ancillary revenue by offering additional services. Instead of completely separating ancillary services from tickets as optional components, most of the traditional airlines offer the so-called branded fares which bundle some of the ancillary components to an inclusive fare preventing a possible negative impact on the customers’ perception and brand image (mixed bundling). For instance, seat reservation and baggage transportation are often already included in the default fare. In this study, we analyse data to evaluate different bundle-pricing policies within the mixed bundling context. We use statistical regression methods to infer individual behaviour by analysing aggregated data on market level from a major European airline. We tackle the question of how to optimally price bundled fares. With the General Data Protection Regulation in place today, such high-level models which only require aggregated market data and no individual personal data are becoming more relevant for business analytics. We demonstrate how aggregate data still allow to investigate individual behaviour and our data analysis reveals the existence and variability of price elasticity. The results can help companies to segment their markets based on price elasticity and optimise their ancillary offerings accordingly.

Scheduling for airport baggage transport vehicles based on diversity enhancement genetic algorithm

The scheduling problems for airport baggage transport vehicles are much influential to the quality of airport service. An optimal scheduling is very helpful to provide an efficient and safe airport operation and improve customers’ experience. To address the issue, in this paper, a novel genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for the vehicles scheduling. To enhance the exploitation ability of GA, the algorithm is improved by considering both population diversity and population fitness simultaneously. In the proposed GA, a cooperative mechanism is employed to design the selection operation for genetic algorithm where both exploitation ability and exploration ability can be considered. Numerical experiments are conducted on widely used benchmarks, and several peer meta-heuristic algorithms are also used in performance comparison. To address the airport baggage transport vehicle scheduling problem, real data is adopted in the proposed algorithm for simulation. According to simulation results, the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective to obtain competitive performance and the airport baggage transport vehicles scheduling problem in is well addressed.

Intellectual risk management in projects of transportation of large vehicles by the game theory

It has been shown that the transport of large-sized cargoes is a project in which the latter team constantly faces the intellectual risks of counteracting the environment in the form of subcontractors (roadmakers, electricians, road inspectors, etc.) for the implementation of individual stages of the project. Managing these risks involves various forms of cooperation with subcontractors, from the merger (SCRUM-technology) to the game with the "opponent". The adaptive complex structure of the project activity on transportation of large-sized luggage is offered, which provides at the beginning of each stage the identification of the form of cooperation with the subcontractor and the flexible technology of work with it. The aim of the work is to reduce the time and cost of implementing large baggage transportation projects by managing the intellectual risks of counteraction from subcontractors of the project through the development and implementation of an adaptive integrated structure of the project activity technology, which foresees, at the beginning of each phase of the project, the identification of the form of cooperation with the next subcontractors and the flexible working technology with them. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: analyzed problems of transportation of large-sized cargoes and revealed design features of such activity; Estimated intellectual risks of counteraction to project activity from "subcontractors" of the project; proposed adaptive complex structure of technology project activity, which combines SCRUM technology and game; the industrial tests of the results of the research with a positive technical and economic effect have been carried out. The results of the work were used in the system of support for the adoption of design decisions in the context of intellectual risks "SOLINTR". The system "SOLINTR" was involved in the PEO "ECHO" when planning and equipping the project of transportation of large-sized cargo at a distance of 235 km with a positive technical and economic effect.