Bagasse Pulp Research Articles

Potential of pineapple wastes for Pectin recovery: A path towards waste valorization

Majority of agricultural wastes and crop residues like cereal brans, sugarcane bagasse, peels, pomace and sugar beet pulp act as the vital sources for natural production of biochemicals. The production of natural pectin from various agro-wastes can be focused as the major biotechnological tool taking much demand against the chemical production processes. Investigation was carried out for conversion of pineapple wastes towards isolation of pectin as a part of waste management. About 60% of total pineapple fruit is regards as waste in form of peel, core, pomace and crown. Maximum pectin was detected from pomace part of the pineapple.

Statistical Optimization of Biobleaching Efficacy of endo-β-1,4-xylanase from an Actinobacterium Streptomyces olivaceus (MSU3) in Comparison with Zinc Oxide Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse Pulp Using Box–Behnken Design

ABSTRACT The bio-bleaching efficacy of endo-β-1,4-xylanase from an actinobacterium Streptomyces olivaceus (MSU3) was studied by using sugarcane bagasse pulp in comparison with chemical-mediated bleaching. Before that, the sugarcane bagasse pulp was processed with various concentrations of xylanase (20–100IU) and zinc oxide (0.2–1.0 g) individually through laboratory conditions. Simultaneously, both enzyme- and chemical-mediated bleaching process were optimized through response surface methodology by using the reaction condition containing pH 6.6, temperature 47°C with the incubation time of 3 h. The analysis of variance of the parameters expressed the maximum level of coefficient (R 2 = 0.963–0.996) with more significant (P < 0.0001). In bleaching process under-optimized conditions, the highest level of reducing sugar (110.02 mg/g), reduction of kappa number (14.69 k), degree of brightness (43.62%ISO), level of residual lignin (2.20%) with the discharge of phenolic (λ 237 = 0.119 OD), and hydrophobic (λ 465 = 0.046 OD) groups were attained in xylanase (80.0 IU) mediated bleaching than zinc oxide bleaching. Further, the effect of bleaching on processed pulp samples with loosening and changes of surface cell fiber was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopic analysis. The efficient fibrillation and porosity of pulp fiber were seen in xylanase bleached pulp than chemical-bleached pulp. These results clearly indicated that the endo-β-1,4-xylanase of the chosen actinobacterium could able to bleach the bagasse pulp effectively than the zinc oxide-mediated bleaching.

Polyacrylamide stabilized alkenyl succinic anhydride emulsion as sizing agent for various cellulosic pulps and fillers

Cellulosic fiber is hydrophilic in nature and making it hydrophobic represents a process called sizing in papermaking. Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) sizing is dominating over other sizing processes due to its high reactivity and economy. The shelf life of conventionally used cationic starch (CS) stabilized ASA emulsion is 20−25 min. In our previous study, the ASA emulsion was found to be stable up to 4 h using anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) as stabilizer. Present communication was aimed to utilize, the APAM stabilized ASA emulsion with most commonly utilized cellulosic pulps (mixed hardwood, bagasse and recycled) and fillers to assist its commercial utilization in papermaking. APAM stabilized ASA emulsion facilitated back water utilization with improved sizing degree unlike CS based ASA emulsion. Lower amount of ASA sizing was required in bagasse pulp compared to other pulps which might be attributed to low crystallinity ratios and hydrogen bond energy.

The Changing Structure of Residual Lignin in the Unbleached Bagasse Pulp During Chlorine Dioxide Delignification

The Changing Structure of Residual Lignin in the Unbleached Bagasse Pulp During Chlorine Dioxide Delignification

Photocatalytic degradation of bagasse pulp wastewater with La-TiO2/Al2O3 as a catalyst

Photocatalytic degradation of bagasse pulp wastewater with La-TiO2/Al2O3 as a catalyst

INFLUENCE OF USING SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND SUGAR BEET PULP WITH OR WITHOUT ENZYMES IN RABBIT DIETS: 1- ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GROWING RABBITS

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using different levels of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) with or without enzyme in diets of growing APRI line rabbits on the productive performance. One hundred and forty-four APRI rabbits were divided randomly into nine experimental groups of 16 rabbits each (8 males + 8 females) of 5 weeks of age with an average live body weight of (723 ± 2 gm.), were used in this study. The following 9 diets were obtained: control (0% Sugarcane Bagasse and Sugar Beet Pulp), SCB50 diet (Sugarcane Bagasse replace to 50% Berseem hay), SCB100 diet (Sugarcane Bagasse replace to 100% Berseem hay), SCB50E diet (Sugarcane Bagasse replace to 50% Berseem hay with Kemzyme), SCB100E diet (Sugarcane Bagasse replace to 100% Berseem hay with Kemzyme), SBP50 diet (Sugar Beet Pulp replace to 50% Berseem hay), SBP100 diet (Sugar Beet Pulp replace to 100% Berseem hay), SBP50E diet (Sugar Beet Pulp replace to 50% Berseem hay with Kemzyme) and SBP100E diet (Sugar Beet Pulp replace to 100% Berseem hay with Kemzyme). All diets were nearly isonitrogenous, iso-caloric and contained similar levels of crude fiber and micro elements. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in body weight between rabbits fed SBP diet and rabbits fed control diet, while those fed SCB diet had the lowest body weight. Using Kemzyme increased the body weight insignificantly, except in weeks 10, 11 and 12, which Kemzyme significantly (P<0.05) increased body weight. During the whole experimental period (5-13 weeks of age), rabbits fed SCB diets recorded significantly the lower daily weight gain, as compared with those fed SBP and control diet (23.56 vs. 25.43 and 25.41 g, P<0.001, respectively). Supplementing Kemzyme in diets had no significant differences on daily weight gain in all experimental periods. Feed intake in the whole period (5-13 weeks of age) significantly decreased by 3.5 and 5.1% for rabbits fed SBP and SCB diets, respectively, as compared with those fed control diet. Moreover, feed intake was decreased by 1.95% with adding Kemzyme during the whole experimental period. Feed conversion ratio was significantly improved with rabbits fed SBP diets, as compared with those fed control diet. Moreover, rabbits fed diets supplemented with Kemzyme improved the feed conversion ratio by 3.36%, as compared with those fed diets without Kemzyme. No significant differences could be observed in mortality percentage due to fiber source (AL, SCB and SBP) or enzyme supplementation in diets.

Micro/Nanostructured Papers from Bagasse Pulp Reinforced by Nanofibrillated Cellulose from different Agro-Waste Sources

Micro/Nanostructured Papers from Bagasse Pulp Reinforced by Nanofibrillated Cellulose from different Agro-Waste Sources

Production and Characterization of Paper from Pineapple Leaves and Sugarcane Bagasse Pulp

Paper is the final product resulted from compression of fiber suspension of cellulose pulp, which is derived from wood or non-woody material. In this study, paper was made from mixture of pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse pulp (P:S, 100:0%, 80:20%, 60:40%, 40:60%, 20:80%, and 0:100%) at varying cooking liquor or NaOH concentration (1.5% and 3%) using semi-mechanical soda pulping method. Pulp characterisation (kappa number, tensile and tearing strength) was further carried out to ensure a stable pulp and paper quality. Results showed that the highest tensile strength of 6,709 kN was obtained at pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse pulp composition of 100:0% and NaOH 3%, whereas the highest tearing strength (1730,13 mN) was observed at the P:S of 40:60% with similar concentration of NaOH. The lowest kappa number (6,182) was also obtained at P:S of 0:100% and 3% NaOH. The pulp characterisation values have fullfil SNI No. 6519:2016 quality standard for plastic laminated paper.

Two-step delignification of peracetic acid and alkali from sugar cane bagasse

Sugar cane bagasse was delignified in a two-step process with peracetic acid and alkali. Peracetic acid pre-treatment with concentration of 25% based on oven-dry fiber at 60 min, with a liquor to wood (L/W) ratio of 9:1 and a temperature of 50 °C improved the second stage delignification, compared with soda pulping. The second stage was carried out at three levels of temperatures, times, and 20% sodium hydroxide based on oven-dry fiber. Soda pulping at 165 °C, 120 min, 20% sodium hydroxide based on oven-dry fiber, and L/W 10:1 was selected to compare with two-step delignification. The two-step delignification reduces the severity of pulping conditions, including temperature and pressure, and subsequent imposes less risks compared with the soda pulping at 165 °C. The advantages of this method are high delignification and reduction of kappa number with respect to lower temperature and pressure compared with soda pulping. The total time in two-step was increased from soda pulping. Two optimum conditions for alkali step were obtained at 120 °C and 140 °C and 90 min for pretreated bagasse pulping, and similar properties were achieved with soda pulping at 165 °C and 120 min. The yield of fibers, Kappa number, and data analysis using Duncan method were measured and recorded.

Kinetic model of a carboxymethylcellulose-agar hydrogel for long-acting and slow-release of chlorine dioxide with a modification of Fick’s diffusion law

A long-acting and slow-release material for chlorine dioxide, based on bagasse pulp (BP) was prepared with a superabsorbent resin as the slow-release substrate and agar as the cross-linking agent. The stable ClO2 solution and the acidic activator were locked into the network structure of the superabsorbent resin, which was prepared with a carboxymethyl cellulose made from bagasse pulp. Because of the network structure of the resin, the diffusion resistance was greatly increased, and the effective release time was up to 2 months. The mechanism for the release process of the ClO2 was explored, and a kinetic model was established based on modified Fick’s diffusion law. The results showed that the release process was a diffusion-controlled process. When compared with a zero-order kinetic model and a Higuchi model, the new established model had better fitting results, and it more fully reflected the release patterns and characteristics of the ClO2.

Ethanol production by Aspergillus niger US4MTCC9931 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC174 using different lignocellulosic biomass feed stocks

To investigate the production of cellulases and hemicellulases from Aspergillus niger MTCC9931, solid state fermentation (SSF) was performed using 10 different lignocellulosic materials derived from agrowastes, i.e., rice straw, rice husk, wheat straw, corn cob, sugar cane bagasse, saw dust, banana stalk, Eichhornia, Parthenium stalk, and residual fruit pulp. Among these agrowastes, the maximum yield of reducing sugars (116.46 ± 2.56 g/mL) was observed with residual fruit pulp. Further, the same substrate showed the highest endoglucanase (389.1 ± 0.44 IU/g), MCC-adsorbable endoglucanase (3.4 ± 0.14 IU/g), cellulase (12.0 ± 0.13 IU/g), and FPase (4.9 ± 0.64 IU/g) activities. Sawdust showed the maximum xylanase activity (7478.0 ± 6.51 IU/g), and corncob showed maximum β-glucosidase activity (79.87 ± 1.15 IU/g). The maximum activities of all enzymes were observed at 72 h of SSF under shaking conditions. A. niger MTCC9931 can be concluded to be an important strain for potential applications in saccharification. The enzymatic hydrolysates of the agrowastes were used as substrates for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC174. The maximum yield (35.34 g/L) of ethanol was obtained when residual fruit pulp was used as a substrate. This study has further demonstrated the feasible biotechnological conversion of agrowastes to produce ethanol using both A. niger and S. cerevisiae.

Chemical-free thermomechanical pulping of empty fruit bunch and sugarcane bagasse

The biomass resources oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and sugarcane bagasse, which are residues from the palm oil and sugar industries, continue to be investigated for more applications. With increasing concern for the environment, cleaner production has been a worldwide aim of researchers. In this study, thermomechanical pulp (TMP) from EFB and sugarcane bagasse was prepared with disc refining after steam pretreatment of the raw materials. Afterwards, refining and handsheet properties of TMP using various percentages of unbleached soda bagasse pulp (USBP) were studied. Fiber characterizations and handsheet properties showed that pulp of acceptable quality was obtained via thermomechanical pulping. Moreover, energy consumption during PFI refining of EFB TMP was higher than that of bagasse TMP. Physical properties were further enhanced through introduction of USBP. The results firmly support the feasibility of cleaner thermomechanical pulping of EFB and sugarcane bagasse.

Using Oxone and TAED activator in non-chlorine bleaching of soda bagasse pulp

Abstract Bagasse fiber has been used in the production of bleached chemical pulp by the Pars Paper Company. In this company, a conventional three-stage sequence of hypochlorite, alkaline extraction and second hypochlorite (HEH) is applied in pulp bleaching. Pulp bleaching is one of the most important environmental pollutant stages in the pulp and paper industry. In this research, the bleaching of soda bagasse pulp by applying Oxone and TAED-activator in non-chlorine bleaching sequences has been investigated. The unbleached pulp, with kappa number of 20, 955 ml/g viscosity and 37 % brightness, was prepared from Pars Paper Company. Results indicated that, the TAED at the first and second stages were more effective than in the Oxone stages. Moreover, the sequences, which contained TAED- and Oxone-second-stage, could reach the minimum level of kappa (1.7), but the highest brightness (80 %) was attained by using only TAED with a comparatively high level of pulp viscosity (752).

Cadmium oxide/TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanocomposites produced by pulsed laser ablation in liquid environment: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity

The TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) was prepared from bagasse pulp, followed by embedding with cadmium oxide nanostructure via pulsed infrared laser ablation of cadmium sheets immersed in TOCN solution in just one step. The TOCN before and after embedding was studied via different characterization techniques as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–visible spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). These techniques confirmed that TOCN were successfully prepared and the CdO nanostructure is well embedded with nanofiber structure of the prepared TOCN with dimension equaled about 59 nm. Then the prepared sample were studied their antibacterial activity againstmany pathogenic microorganisms. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) is emphasized that the prepared nanocomposite has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with low MIC values which recorded 1.56 μg/ml for gram negative bacteria, less than 1.56 for gram positive bacterial and 0.19 μg/ml for Candida albican.

Effect of lignin on the thermal stability of cellulose nanofibrils produced from bagasse pulp

In this work, the effects of lignin on the thermal stability of bagasse cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were investigated. The CNFs were prepared with different lignin content bagasse pulp using ultrafine grinding combined with high-pressure homogenization. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to study the influence mechanisms of lignin content on the thermal stability of the CNFs. The thermal stability of cellulose was tested by thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates, and the activation energy of bagasse cellulose nanofibrils was calculated by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The results showed that the average width of CNFs prepared by the mechanical method was approximately 20 nm. The higher the lignin contents in the CNFs, the lower the crystallinity and the better the thermal stability. The thermal decomposition activation energy of CNF fluctuates with the change of conversion rate. Under the same conversion rate, the higher the lignin contents in the CNFs, the larger the activation energy value. The average activation energies of NO-LCNF, L-LCNF, ML-LCNF, MH-LCNF, and H-LCNF were 208.14, 254.49, 412.95, 530.54 and 652.10 kJ/mol, respectively, during the conversion rate of 20% to 90%. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the pyrolysis mechanism and high value utilization of CNFs and have a profound impact on promoting the application and development of CNFs in emerging nanocomposites.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposite Films Containing Nano-Aluminum Nitride and Cellulose Nanofibrils.

Nanocomposites consisting of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nano-aluminum nitride (AlN) were prepared using a simple vacuum-assisted filtration process. Bleached sugarcane bagasse pulp was treated with potassium hydroxide and sodium chlorite, and was subsequently ultra-finely ground and homogenized to obtain CNFs. Film nanocomposites were prepared by mixing CNFs with various AlN amounts (0–20 wt.%). X-ray diffraction revealed that the crystal form of CNF-AlN nanocomposites was different to those of pure CNFs and AlN. The mechanical performance and thermal stability of the CNF-AlN nanocomposites were evaluated through mechanical tests and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results showed that the CNF-AlN nanocomposites exhibited excellent mechanical and thermal stability, and represented a green renewable substrate material. This type of nanocomposite could present great potential for replacing traditional polymer substrates, and could provide creative opportunities for designing and fabricating high-performance portable electronics in the near future.

Investigation of deposit problem during sugarcane bagasse pulp molded tableware production

Abstract Formation of brown deposit is quite a common problem in hot pressing stage of cellulosic pulp molded tableware production, especially using bleached sugarcane bagasse pulp as raw material which blocks the pipes, corrodes and damages the equipment, increases the cleaning frequency and correspondingly increases the costs as well as reduces the quality of the products. In this work, the composition of the deposit was analyzed, and the effects of fines to the drainage and drying process of cellulosic pulp molded tableware production was studied by thermogravimetric analysis to investigate the cause of this problem. It was found that high contents of fines containing waterproofing agent and oilproofing agent was the main cause of this problem. Compared to the pulps without fines, pulp composed of 100% fines had lower absolute value of zeta-potential and higher adsorption ability of waterproofing agent and oilproofing agent. Besides, fines could increase the water retention capacity and prolong drainage time of pulp, which would result in higher drying intensity and generated strong vapor during drying. During hot pressing process of cellulosic pulp molded tableware production, the strong vapor could bring the small and light fines containing waterproofing agent and oilproofing agent into the air vents and the deposit was formed. The finding of this work would give supports for cleaner production of cellulosic pulp molded tableware by understanding the mechanisms of deposit formation which would be helpful to reduce the deposit problem to some extent.

The influence of bio-fibers from different pulping processes on the pulp-polylactic acid composites (PPCs) properties from sugarcane bagasse

Abstract Pulp-polylactic acid composites (PPCs) with monoethanolamine, alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone, unbleached and bleached soda bagasse pulps and polylactic acid (PLA) were successfully fabricated using twin-screw extrusion. The results were compared with bagasse flour-PLA composites (WPCs) as reference. The results indicated that the mechanical strengths of produced composites with pulp fibers were increased compared to the neat PLA and bagasse flour-PLA composites. Monoethanolamine and alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone fibers due to their surface chemical structure had a superior compatibility with PLA compared with other used bio-fibers which has been confirmed by SEM micrographs too. FTIR was used to investigate the effect of different chemical treatments on the bio-fibers. The results of XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of PPCs was substantially improved by incorporation with pulp fibers compared to WPCs composites. The water absorption of the PPCs is different due to using the diverse bio-fibers. According to DMA analysis, the tan delta was substantially decreased when PLA was reinforced by different bio-fibers. The biodegradation of green composites were characterized and the results showed that the biodegradability of the PLA was increased due to addition of bagasse pulp biofibers.

Effect of enzymatic treatment on the thermal stability of cellulose nanofibrils

In this work, bagasse pulp was used to prepare cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) by enzymatic assisted mechanical treatment. A xylanase pretreatment was applied for varying the hemicellulose content in the pulp fibers, and the contribution of this pretreatment to the post-mechanical treatment was investigated. The results showed that CNFs prepared after xylanase pretreatment exhibited enhanced thermal stability with an increase in crystallinity. However, the overall thermal stability of the CNFs decreased significantly after xylanase was applied directly to the mechanical treated CNFs. The results indicate that the presence of hemicellulose in the fiber could affect the thermal stability of CNFs. The direct application of xylanase to CNFs could affect both the hydrogen bond between the hemicellulose and the cellulose and the covalent bond between the hemicellulose molecules, which partially destroys the internal network structure and reduces of thermal stability of CNFs.

The research of rheological properties of bagasse based paste

In the horticultural industry, upon main products obtaining, the formation of the following secondary raw materials and production wastes: pulping,bagasse, tomato seeds, fruit seeds, vegetable peelings, etc. is concomitant. At the same time, the amount of secondary raw materials formed during fruit and vegetable raw materials processing varies from 5 to 85% of the initial raw materials mass going for processing, of which an average of 30% is sent to food products for food processing. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of bagasse using of direct extraction beet juice production in vegetable paste technology. To facilitate the process of bagasse pulping, pretreated with microwave heating, starch syrup, allowing to reduce the vegetable mass viscosity was proposed to use. As a result of research, it was found that the introduction of starch syrup in the bagasse in the amount of 10, 20 and 30%, along with an increase in the heating temperature, varying from 25 to 60, reduces the effective viscosity obtained after bagasse paste pulping. With an increase in the starch syrup dosage, an increase in the mass fraction of dry substances in beet paste and its liquefaction degree was observed as well. So, at a dosage of 10%, the liquefaction degree was 24.7%, at 20% - 45.1%, at 30% - 60.7%. Thus, the use of starch syrup in the production of beet paste from the bagasse of direct-pressed juice production makes it possible to adjust the vegetable mass viscosity purposefully, creating better conditions for subsequent technological operations. .