Bagalkot District Research Articles

Use of RS and GIS for Land Use/Land Cover of Historical Badami Town, Bagalkot District, India

India is one of the biggest countries and is 7th largest nation in the world; also India is 2nd country in population next to China. The Towns are like trees, both of them grow under natural limits. One of the objectives of any master plan is to guide town development by studying the natural properties of the town border and to determine a suitable direction of town growth. It should include general information for understanding the effective factors on the town’s form. This report is mainly concentrated towards the historic Badami town development to prepare an accurate land use/land cover map on 1:21,000 scale appropriate allocation of land resources of the Badami A need for GIS driven analysis of factors such as urban planning, which in turn create various types of geo-referenced data, GIS was carried out to create, store, edit, visualise, analysis, and to present the data needed for carrying out the allocation of land for meeting various needs of the smart city.After the implementation of the Smart concepts desirable results have obtained and these outputs have the potential to fulfil the need of all the inhabitants without causing any pollution. The outputs of this project would help in sustainable planning to existing town.

Impact of Developmental Interventions in Upper Krishna Project (UKP) Area

The Upper Krishna Project (UKP) is one of the biggest projects in India and was started as multipurpose irrigation project in the drought prone northern part of Karnataka. The UKP consists of two dams across the river at Alamatti village and Narayanpur village. The implementation of Krishna Water Tribunal Award passed on 30.11.2010 resulted in increase of storage level of Almatti Dam from FRL 519.60 to FRL 524.256 m. 4.656 m increases in the storage level, an area of 76357 acres of land is expected to submerge in the back waters of Almatti reservoir, though, 22 villages with 32427 families may get effected in this event. The present research was undertaken in UKP area of Bagalkot district, Karnataka state during the year 2012-13. From Bagalkot district, three Rehabilitation Centres (RC) were selected from each of Bagalkot, Biligi and Hungund taluk to form a sample size of 180 by using random sampling technique. In this context, it was indeed necessary to study the developmental interventions in Upper Krishna Project area of Bagalkot district, in order to plan appropriate developmental programmes. During the survey it was learnt that, Government had given top priority for construction of houses. Therefore, 100 percent of the rehabilitant farmers had availed benefit of the HCG. 90.56 per cent of the rehabilitant farmers availed benefit of Income Generating Schemes (IGS) in case of training programmes followed by horticulture development, IGA and new SHG formation. Higher proportions of the rehabilitant farmers (41.67% and 36.67%) were found in high asset acquisition category in case of financial and physical capitals, respectively. Majority of the rehabilitant farmers (80.56%) suggested for extend free household electricity. The findings of the study provide valuable information to administrators, planners, policy makers and extension workers in order to plan appropriate developmental programmes for Project Displaced Families (PDF).

Mass drug administration programme against lymphatic filariasis-an evaluation of coverage and compliance in a northern Karnataka district, India

Background and objectivesLymphatic Filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease causing chronic damage to the lymphatic system. The disease, due to its peculiar morphological manifestations and disfigurations, is associated with severe social stigma and results in severe economic and mental stress for the affected. India's National Health Policy (2002) was aiming at the elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in the country by 2015 which was extended to 2017. Preventive chemotherapy using yearly one dose of DEC and albendazole through mass drug administration is the key strategy adopted for this. This study aims at assessing the coverage, compliance, and causes for noncompliance towards MDA in Bagalkot district and assessing the rates of directly observed treatment, the source of information on MDA and incidence of side effects related to MDA Programme. MethodsA cross-sectional study was done in four randomly selected clusters in endemic Talukas of Bagalkot district of Karnataka. A total of 240 households with 1110 beneficiaries were evaluated during the study. The information was collected by directly interviewing one responsible adult member from each house using a structured proforma. The data obtained was then entered to Microsoft Excel 2013 spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS version 22. ResultsAmong the 1110 persons evaluated the coverage was found to be 93.9% and effective coverage rate (compliance) was 83.2%. The coverage compliance gap was 10.7%. The most common reason quoted by the beneficiaries for not consuming the tablet was lack of faith in the tablets. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was 14.68%. ConclusionThe effective coverage rate of MDA programme in Bagalkot was well below the national target of 85%, recommended by the government of India. The major reason for the high coverage-compliance gap was the failure of effective IEC activities. Intensive IEC activities are needed for educating the beneficiaries against the misconceptions of filariasis and MDA programme.

FTIR Spectroscopic study of dolomite from the central part of Kaladgi-Badami basin, Bagalkot District, Karnataka, India

FTIR Spectroscopic study of dolomite from the central part of Kaladgi-Badami basin, Bagalkot District, Karnataka, India

Impact of Cement Dust on Physico-chemical Properties of Soils around a Cement Factory in Bagalkot, Karnataka, India

Aims: To study the physicochemical properties of soil around the cement factory, to examine the effect of the industrial dust on the soil properties and to analyse the relation between the proportion of pollutants and the distance from the cement factory.
 Study Design: Were used to analyse the relationship between soil samples at four different locations within the study area. Statistical methods such as; percentage, graph and Pearson correlation method.
 Place and Duration of Study: For this study soil samples were collected around J k cement factory near Muddhapura of Mudhol Taluk of Bagalkot district in the pre monsoon period at four directions. Samples were analysed using titrant method, flame photometer method, oslen method to determine physicochemical properties. Pearson correlation method was used to analyse the relation between concentration of different elements in the soil samples and distances in four directions.
 Results: From detailed analysis it was observed that there was increase in concentration of major elements, such as P, Ca, and Mg. However, there are some exceptions such as OC, N, S, Na, Zn, and Fe whose concentration in the soil samples increase with increase in distances in all directions. Since their correlation with distance is positive and significant since the P-value is less than 0.05. 
 Conclusion: In the present study, it has been established that the physicochemical properties of the soils around the factory have been changed due to the dust deposition as it is adversely affecting the composition soils. This in turn affected the concentration of nutrients required for plants growth. Furthermore, it may become hazardous to soil, flora and fauna.

Women, Displacement and Exclusion: Narratives of Women Affected by Development-Induced Displacement

Development Induced displacements are usually accompanied by a „downward spiral of impoverishments‟. They result in widespread psychological and socio-cultural impacts. The worst hits are women and children who are counted among the marginalised segments in these situations. The present paper brings out the narratives of five women displaced during the building of a dam at Almatti in Bagalkot district of northern Karnataka. The thematic analysis reflects the theoretical formulations of risks to which displaced people are exposed and the narratives bring out the deterioration of their living conditions.

Forest flora of Badami Hills of Bagalkot district, Karnataka, India

Badami is a place of historical importance, once ruled by Chalukyas, and contains many religious monuments. The study site is a World Heritage Site for ‘Evolution of Temple Architecture at, Aihole, Badami and Pattadakal’ by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). A detailed inventory of the angiosperms from the dry deciduous forests of Badami, Bagalkot District of Karnataka is presented which includes details on the distribution and occurrence of 558 species from 359 genera and 99 families. Fabaceae Lindl., Poaceae Berhart., Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl., Apocynaceae Juss., Cyperaceae Juss., Euphorbiaceae Juss. and Malvaceae Juss. are the dominant families. Fabaceae Lindl. contributes 15 % of total flora. In eudicots, Euphorbia L. (Rosids), Crotalaria L. (Rosids), Ipomoea L. (Asterids) and Alysicarpus Desv. (Rosids) are the dominant genera with 13, 9, 8 & 8 species respectively; while in monocots Cyperus L. (Commelinids), and Fimbristylis Vahl (Commelinids) each having 8 taxa and Eragrostis Nees. with 5 taxa are the dominant genera. The timing of flowering and fruiting, vegetation type and herbarium details are provided. These dry forests are a potential source of medicine, fruits, gum, fuel, food, fodder and oil yielding plants but are ignored by local people and are in decline due to high anthropogenic pressure, high grazing, high fuel wood exploration and tourism. Some of the plants are very rare, Barleria stocksii T.Anderson, Ceropegia spiralis Wight, Vahlia digyna (Retz.) Kuntze, Drimia raogibeikii (Hemadri) Hemadri, Iphigenia mysorensis Arekal & S.N.Ramaswamy, Uticularia caerulia L. and Drosera burmanni Vahl. The present article is an inventory of the flowering plants of the Badami Hills is based on a synthesis of literature review, herbarium visits and field collection undertaken during the last decade.

Falciparum predominant malaria outbreak in Hunkund taluk, Bagalkote District, Karnataka, India, 2015 to 2016

Falciparum predominant malaria outbreak in Hunkund taluk, Bagalkote District, Karnataka, India, 2015 to 2016

Efficacy of Psychosocial Intervention on Self-Esteem among Marginalized Children with Special Reference to Devadasis’Children

Background: The unique cultural context of Southern India gives rise children of unwed mothers due to the practice of devadasi system - a practice that was followed in various parts of the globe during the barbaric era of dedicating girls to temples. Thousands of children without parental care and children of devadasis in Northern Karnataka were reported psychosocial problems such as poverty, dropout, dedication of girls, poor health & vulnerability for HIV/AIDS etc. This increases the chances of developing poor self esteem among children of devadasis. Aim: To assess and compare the efficacy of a psychosocial intervention to improve the self esteem among children of unwed mothers (devadasis), a single parents children and children having both parents. Methodology : Psychosocial care program consisting of life skills and student enrichment were incorporated with educational services for children attending after school program carried out by the NGO. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 184 children of 10 – 16 years, (62 - children of devadasis, 60- single parent and 62- children with both parents) attending the program in 36 villages of Bagalkot District, Karnataka, India through simple random sampling. Results: The results of the study showed a higher mean for self esteem among children of devadasis, single parents and dual parents with no significant difference between the three groups (df = 2, P>.05). The results confirm a significant increase in the self esteem among children due to psychosocial interventions when compared with the result of a study conducted in a larger geographic area in 2008 of which the current population was a part. Conclusion: The results confirm the efficacy of psychosocial interventions through after-school programs in improving self esteem among children especially among the children of an unwed mother who's vulnerability to develop poor self esteem is higher. Findings of the present study have significance in the implications for social work and social development practice. Keywords: Psychosocial intervention, self esteem, unwed mothers, devadasis

Groundwater Quality Analysis in Part of Bagalkot and Bilagi Area

Groundwater is one of the major source of water supply in the Bagalkot district which is reflected by regular extraction of groundwater through ever increasing number of bore wells. Monitoring groundwater quality is useful to understand impact of uncontrolled drilling of bore wells, point and non point sources of pollutants. A total of 62 bore wells were selected for the study. These samples were analyzed in the laboratory. Out of 62 bore well samples 29 samples are not potable. Out of 29 bore well samples, 1 samples is not potable due to alkalinity, 3 samples are not potable due to chloride, total hardness, sulphate and TDS contents, 1 sample is not potable due to sulphates, total hardness and TDS content and 2 samples are not potable due to total hardness, chloride and TDS content, 7 bore well samples are not potable due to total hardness, 16 samples of bore well are not potable due sulphate content..

Studies on Toxicity of Fluoride and Impact of Endemic Fluorosis from Groundwater Resources of Bagalkot District, Karnataka – Geospatial Information System Approach

Abstract Fluorine is most electronegative element, never occurs in free state due to its high reactivity. In most of the places of the world drinking water from underground sources is invariably contaminated with fluoride. The concentration of fluoride according to the WHO standard allowed upper limit is 1.5 ppm whereas as per Indian standard, the allowed upper limit is 1.0 mg/litre. Fluoride ion gets contaminated in drinking water due to weathering of the soil and rocks and the groundwater sources of granite belt of Bagalkot district, contain much higher concentration of fluoride (up to 6 or 7 ppm). In this survey it is found that the concentration of fluoride even at 1.34 ppm has caused tooth decay with the permanent brown scales on the teeth.

Performance Analysis of Life Insurance Industry in India: West Bagalkot District

Indian economy and industry has undergone significant transformation since 1991-moving away from state controlled to a competitive market economy. The most remarkable of this transformation has been noted in the financial sector, particularly, in the Indian Insurance Industry which has opened up to all competitors-integrating financial services to the global economy. IRDA was established in 1999 to protect the interest of policyholders for promoting and ensuring orderly growth of the insurance industry and for matters connected therewith and also to amend the Insurance Act 1938, LIC Act 1956 and G.I. Business Act 1972. Under IRDA Act, 1999, Indian Insurance company means, any insurer being a company which is formed and registered under the companies Act, 1956, in which the aggregate holding of equity shares by a foreign company do not exceed 26% paid up equity capital of such Indian Insurance company and whose sole purpose is to carry on life or general or re-insurance business. Enhancement of this 26% to 49% is at higher level discussion stage.

A Study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Brucellosis and its Prevention among animal handlers residing in selected rural area of Bagalkot District

A Study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Brucellosis and its Prevention among animal handlers residing in selected rural area of Bagalkot District

Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among primigravida, in Karnataka

Background: Karnataka is one of the six high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalent states in India. We estimated prevalence among primigravida attending antenatal clinics in Karnataka, assuming this as a proxy for HIV incidence level in the general population.Methods: We tried estimating prevalence among primigravida using cross sectional samples. Data was collected in structured data extraction sheet for the month of September 2011, from all Integrated and Counselling tested Centres (ICTCs) of Karnataka. All the pregnant women were tested as per national protocol. We analysed the basic demographic data, geographical distribution including HIV status of spouse of primigravida.Results: In September 2011, 87580, pregnant women were tested and 238 (0.26%) were found HIV positive of which, 95 (40%) were primigravida. Prevalence among primigravida, was 0.3%. The prevalence among primigravida was highest in Bagalkot (1.6%) district. In Yadgir, Kodagu and Udupi the prevalence was zero. The high prevalent blocks were Jamakhandi, Mudhol, Gokak, Hospet and Muddebihal. 73.7% spouse of positive primigravida were tested for HIV and among those tested, 87.1% were found HIV positive.Conclusions: There is striking difference in the prevalence of HIV among primigravida in different districts of Karnataka probably indicates the difference in effectiveness of preventive interventions in these districts and within blocks. The preventive programs should be reached out to the labourer's and farmers in the general population to prevent the new infections in the general population.

Two new species of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) from India

Portulaca badamica, and P. lakshminarasimhaniana, from Bagalkot district, (Karnataka State, India), are described as new species for Science. P. badamica is an annual, slender and sparsely branched herb usually with cleistogamous flowers, while P. lakshminarasimhaniana is woody, perennial, subshrub with pinkish red coloured flowers, capsules with elongated hemispherical operculum and seeds with peculiar metallic shine. P. badamica is morphologically similar to P. pilosa from which differs in having annual, slender, sparsely branched, erect habit, usually cleistogamous yellow flowers,3–4 fid style, 8–12 stamens, bluish seeds with stellulate flat cells without central elevations. P. lakshminarasimhaniana is similar to P. suffrutescens but differs from it by its non-tuberous root, stem scabrous with scaly bark, dark pink to red flowers, 8–15 stamens, strictly 4 fid style and oblong capsules.

A community-based qualitative study on the experience and understandings of intimate partner violence and HIV vulnerability from the perspectives of female sex workers and male intimate partners in North Karnataka state, India

BackgroundResearch has increasingly documented the important role that violence by clients and the police play in exacerbating HIV vulnerability for women in sex work. However few studies have examined violence in the intimate relationships of women in sex work, or drawn on community partnerships to explore the social dynamics involved. A community-based participatory research study was undertaken by community and academic partners leading intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV prevention programs in Bagalkot district, Karnataka state, India. The purpose was to explore the experience and understandings of intimate partner violence and HIV/AIDS among women in sex work and their intimate partners in Bagalkot that would inform both theory and practice.MethodsA community-based, interpretive qualitative methodology was used. Data was collected between July and October 2014 through in-depth interviews with 38 participants, including 10 couples, 13 individual female sex workers, and 5 individual male intimate partners. Purposive sampling was done to maximize variation on socio-demographic characteristics. Thematic content analysis was conducted through coding and categorization for each interview question in NVivo 10.0, followed by collaborative analysis to answer the research questions.ResultsThe results showed that an array of interrelated, multi-level factors underlay the widespread acceptance and perpetuation of violence and lack of condom use in participants’ intimate relationships. These included individual expectations that justified violence and reflected societal gender norms, compounded by stigma, legal and economic constraints relating to sex work. The results demonstrate that structural vulnerability to IPV and HIV must be addressed not only on the individual and relationship levels to resolve relevant triggers of violence and lack of condom use, but also the societal-level to address gender norms and socio-economic constraints among women in sex work and their partners.ConclusionThe study contributes to a better understanding on the interplay of individual agency and structural forces at a time when researchers and program planners are increasingly pondering how best to address complex and intersecting social and health issues. Ongoing research should assess the generalizability of the results and the effectiveness of structural interventions aiming to reduce IPV and HIV vulnerability in other contexts.

Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Menopausal Problems among Rural and Urban Middle Aged Women

This study aims to explore the influence of demographic characteristics on menopausal problems among rural and urban middle aged women. The subjects were 160 rural and urban middle-aged women were studied during 2015-16. The women who attained menopause and belonging to 40-55 years age range were selected from 8 villages of 4 talukas of Dharwad and Bagalkote Districts. The self-structured interview schedule was used to elicit the information regarding general information, history of menopause, effects of menopause, care and management of menopause. It consists of 29 questions, categorized as low, medium and high. The menopausal problems were measured by using Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) developed by Barlin (1992) with 11 items. The responses on each item was scored as 0-4 as none to very severe. SES (Socio Economic Status) scale developed by Agarwal et al. (2005) was used to assess the socio-economic status of family. The results revealed that 49.37% of respondents aged between 51-55 years, 55% of the belonged to OBC category, 80% of women were housewife and 68.15% were belonged to middle SES. 15% and 27.50% of the women reported high knowledge in rural and urban women respectively. In Dharwad, among rural women 60% respondents reported moderate menopausal problems and 27.50% were had severe problems. While among urban, half (50%) of the participants pointed out they had moderate menopausal problems followed by 37.50% had mild problems. In Bagalkote district, 50% of rural women had moderate and 35% of the respondents had severe menopausal problems. In case of urban women, 57.50% of women had moderate followed by 27.50% suffering from mild menopausal problems. The age, SES and education were negatively significantly associated with menopausal problems and occupation was positively highly significantly associated with menopausal problems. Concluded that there is need of education and empowering of women to overcome menopausal problems.

Evaluation of canine sexual dimorphism in deciduous and permanent dentition.

Introduction:Teeth are an excellent material in living and nonliving populations for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic investigations. Among the various calcified structures in the human body, teeth have gained lot of popularity in estimating the sex of an individual as they are highly resistant to destruction and decomposition. The present study aims to assess the importance of canines in sexual dimorphism in both primary and permanent dentition as well as to describe the dimensional characteristics of canines among the population of Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India.Materials and Methods:One hundred and fifty participants belonging to Bagalkot district of Karnataka population, 100 adults (50 males and 50 females) in the age group of 17–30 years and 50 children (25 boys and 25 girls) in the age group of 3–6 years were included in the study. Impressions were made using alginate and study models were prepared using dental stone. Clinical crown height (CCH), maximum mesiodistal diameter (MMD) and maximum buccolingual width (MBL) of maxillary and mandibular canines of both dentitions were measured using digital vernier caliper.Results:In deciduous dentition, significant differences were noted between maxillary and mandibular deciduous canines in male and female children using three dimensions, except mandibular canine, i.e., CCH did not show a significant difference. In permanent dentition, CCH and MMD showed significant differences except mandibular canines not showing significant differences in MBL (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Thus, canines can act as a valuable tool in gender determination as there is significant sexual dimorphism in maxillary and mandibular deciduous and permanent dentition.

Evaluation of commercial dipping oil for production of quality raisins from Thompson Seedless grapes

Grape growing in India is mainly confined to tropical peninsular regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. It is estimated that approximately 95% of total grapes are produced in Maharashtra and Karnataka alone. About 71 per cent of total grape production of the country is consumed as fresh and 27 per cent is processed into raisins. Grape drying is mainly concentrated in Sangli, Solapur and Nashik districts of Maharashtra and Vijayapura and Bagalkot districts of Karnataka. Generally, after dipping of grape bunches in solution of ethyl oleate and potassium carbonate (also known as Australian dip) the grape bunches are spread on nylon mesh inside grape drying shed and within 10-15 days drying process completed. There are several commercial products/substitutes for dip treatment available in the market. However, it has been reported that effectiveness of these products is variable. Therefore, present investigation was carried out to study effectiveness of a new commercial product for raisin production from Thompson Seedless grape variety in comparison to ethyl oleate. Grape bunches of Thompson Seedless were dipped in these solutions prior to drying inside raisin drying shed. Besides, the drying bunches were also sprayed with different concentrations of these products on 3rd and 5th days of drying. Observations were recorded on drying dynamics, browning index, colour intensity, content of phenols and tannins, sensory properties and quality parameters after storage for 4 months. It was observed that the dip treatment of Thompson Seedless grapes with a solution of 18 ml commercial product and 24 g potassium carbonate per litre of water for 2 minutes and sprays of 12 ml commercial product +16 g potassium carbonate per liter water on 3rd day and 6 ml commercial product + 8 g potassium carbonate per liter water on 5th day was found better than ethyl oleate for production of good quality raisins.

A study on zoonotic tuberculosis in selected rural areas of Bagalkot and Belgaum districts of Karnataka state

The close association of cattle/buffaloes to farmers and their family members is a well-known phenomenon in rural India. Cattle are major contributors to the income for the sustenance of families, and for many landless farmers, often the only source of livelihood. The animals are sheltered under the same roof where the family members sleep, cook and eat. This close proximity of humans to cattle/buffaloes exposes farmers and family members to tuberculosis (TB), especially if they are vulnerable (e.g. malnourished children along with adults, diabetics, people with HIV/AIDS, people with addiction to alcohol, or smokers) . Several studies have examined the risk factors that are associated with TB, such as crowding (slum dwellers), poor living conditions, alcohol, and tobacco . Other studies have found a significant proportion of diabetic patients with coexistent TB. This study examines the spread of TB from animals to humans and its public health significance. To achieve this, selected numbers of cattle/buffaloes were tested for TB and the association with humans and animals was examined.