Rice Bags Research Articles

Rice Bags in the Temple of the World School

Journal of American CultureVolume 13, Issue 3 p. 41-46 Rice Bags in the Temple of the World School Lars Charles Mazzola, Lars Charles Mazzola Assistant Professor of Communications and Humanities at Corning Community College, Corning, NY.Search for more papers by this author Lars Charles Mazzola, Lars Charles Mazzola Assistant Professor of Communications and Humanities at Corning Community College, Corning, NY.Search for more papers by this author First published: Fall 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734X.1990.1303_41.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume13, Issue3Fall 1990Pages 41-46 RelatedInformation

2 Months Rent Due and 1 Bag of Rice

2 Months Rent Due and 1 Bag of Rice

A Brief on Chinese Insurance Literature

Along the Yangtse River-the longest river in China-the boatmen distributed their bags of rice and millet or bales of silk among other merchants' junks before braving rapids and pirates. If one junk was wrecked or looted, most olf the shipment was saved. All for one and one for all, the first insurance principle, has been deeply rooted in the mind of Chinese people since three or four thousand years before Christ. However, the development of insurance business in this country lags behind the times. Underlying this oddity, two points merit notice: the agricultural economic structure and the large-family system. The former has retarded the promotion of property insurance and the latter made the use of life insurance negligible. Before the China Mainland was occupied by the Communists, the insurance business was not unfamiliar to the people in some large cities. In 1948, for instance, in Shanghai, there were more than one hundred and eighty insurance companies, property as well as life companies. One third of them, which shared the larger part of the annual premium income, were run by foreigners. Insurance business and insurance literature always go hand in hand. At that time, even in the vocational schools or colleges of commerce, no insurance courses could be taken by the students and only a few insurance books could be found in circulation. Since the evacuation from the Mainland to Taiwan, the government of the Republic of China has devoted its efforts to accelerating economic growth, with the average rate, in 1960-66, of more than 8 percent per year. Meanwhile as the concept of insurance has gradually been accepted by the public, the commercial insurance companies have experienced a boom. On the other hand, three schemes of social insurance-labor insurance, civil servicemen's insurance and military servicemen's insurance-have been carried out to a considerable extent. The development of insurance education, however, has not kept pace with the growing insurance business. To this date, there are no insurance departments in any commerce colleges or universities. There are, however, a few insurance courses offered in some other closely related departments. The textbooks written in Chinese in the field of insurance fall in three categories:

The Vietnamese Problem in Its Geographical Context

Among the several partitioned countries in the contemporary world, Germany, Korea and Vietnam form a d stinctive group which poses particularly intractable problems. For the current divisions in all three arose basically out of the postsurrender occupation zones of 1945 which, although apparently intended to be only of limited duration, subsequently became frozen into immobility during the cold war, so that in all three today a Communist and a non-Communist pair of States, both claiming national legitimacy, face each other across an essentially arbitrary line. During the past twenty years the tensions built up in all three partition zones have threatened to shatter the still precarious peace, but while it would be absurd to sug? gest that this danger is overpast in either Germany or Korea, Vietnam has clearly outclassed both of these in the continuity of the tension it has generated, and it provides what is probably the most menacing flash-point in the world today. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the Vietnamese problem from the standpoint of the political geographer, in the hope of clarifying at least some of the issues involved. The starting point of any such analysis must be the recognition that the Vietnamese problem assumes fundamentally different characteristics according to the basis on which its geographical context is defined. Thus, viewed in its most local context, the situation may appear simply as a civil war between two rival factions both claiming to represent the true ethos of the Vietnamese nation, whereas seen in the continental context of the country's position as the gateway between China and South-east Asia, or in the even wider perspective which relates it to the global distribution of Com? munist and non-Communist Powers, the conflict appears altogether more complex. But, while all of these different contexts are relevant to an understanding of the prob? lem, the critical task is to assess the relative importance to be attached to each. In the thinking of those outside observers who see the problem primarily as an internal conflict, the analogy of the Spanish Civil War seems always to be at least subconsciously present. Hence, it is assumed, the issue is essentially concerned with the challenge presented to an indigenous, leftist Government, in legitimate occupation of the established capital city and commanding majority support in the country as a whole, by a minority right-wing element, dominated by old-style landlords and, until recently, by Catholic politicians, bent on resisting overdue social and economic reforms, and aided in so doing by reactionary foreign Powers. But, quite apart from the extent to which this analogy distorts the ideological differences involved, the internal conflict, as seen by the Vietnamese themselves, is not only an ideological one, but is also deeply rooted in major geographical and historical differences between the north? ern and the southern halves of the country. Unlike the other leading States of mainland South-east Asia, the Vietnamese lands do not centre upon a single great river basin, but comprise two main cores, the deltas of the Song-koi and the Mekong, linked only by an attenuated ribbon of settlement along the narrow and broken coastal zone between the Annamite Chain and the sea. This precarious geographical lay-out has been likened to two bags of rice hanging from a pole, though an equally appropriate analogy today might be with a rattlesnake, in which the noise comes from the southern tail but it is the northern head which determines what happens. Certainly it is the north which represents the primary focus within the country as a whole. It was here, centering in the Song-koi delta, that the original Vietnamese

On the Various Materials of Rice Bag

On the Various Materials of Rice Bag

Gonadal dosage in pediatric radiotherapy.

For a number of years, one of us (J. A. C.) has been concerned about the relative value of irradiating the renal bed after in toto surgical removal of a malignant tumor such as Wilms'. This concern has also been stated by others (1). In an editorial, Raventos asks whether we should stop treating children with x-rays (2). In view of this, as well as the extreme interest and wide publicity regarding radiation hazards, an attempt was made to measure gonadal doses, in phantoms, for simulated radiation procedures in infants and children. Methods Phantoms of children aged six months, six years, and twelve years were constructed of papier-mâche. The paper forms were several layers thick and approximated the skin. They were then filled with rice which was packed quite firmly. Sponge rubber was used for the lungs, with tightly filled rice bags as the mediastinal structures. A 250-kv General Electric Maximar therapy unit was used for deep therapy, with filtration of 1 mm. Al and 0.5 mm. Cu, h.v.l. of 1.4 mm. Cu, an...

A study of polymer film brittleness

AbstractThe inability of polymer chains to deform the required amount within the time allowed by a stress‐to‐failure event results in brittle failure. Factors related to brittle behavior of films were investigated. By both conventional and novel testing techniques, stress–time–temperature relationships were studied to determine the brittle point. From high‐speed tensile tests at strain rates up to 106%/min., the critical strain rate (incipient brittleness as indicated by failure accompanied by a marked decrease in ductility) was determined for representative films. High‐speed motion pictures (6,000 frames/sec.) of film failure in rice bag drop tests, were used to ascertain the time of deformation to be related to brittleness. Deformation rates were calculated to be of the order of 130 to 230 × 103%/min.