Baglog Waste Research Articles

Processing of Baglog waste left over from oyster mushroom cultivation; case studies

Waste is an issue that must be addressed immediately, waste that is a problem today comes from increasing human activity as an effort to fulfill life. Baglog waste in Limau Manis Sejahtera (LMS) Micro Business has been processed into organic fertilizer, but the processing has not brought high value added, so other innovations are needed. Industrial process activities that aim to reduce, reuse, recycle, and recover agricultural waste by converting it into other products are called valorization. This process converts waste into more valuable products using environmentally friendly process technology by reducing waste and maximizing product utility so as to protect the environment. A biorefinery is an activity that integrates biomass conversion processes to produce fuel, electrical energy and chemicals simultaneously.

Oyster mushroom baglog crushing machine to support a circular economy in the Omah Jamur Ungaran

Omah Jamur Ungaran is one of the businesses engaged in oyster mushroom cultivation, facing challenges with the waste from the oyster mushroom cultivation process. Baglog waste can be crushed using a baglog crusher machine, which separates the growing medium from its packaging. The aim of this community service project is to provide a solution by creating a baglog crusher machine to enhance production capacity and improve the efficiency of the process. This project has resulted in a baglog crusher machine designed to crush baglog waste, which can then be used to produce processed products such as briquettes. The machine is powered by an electric motor, thereby increasing the efficiency of the baglog waste crushing process.

The Effect of Storage Period and Mixing Techniques on the Chemical Content of Environmentally Friendly BIOPOS Organic Compost at SEAMEO BIOTROP

SEAMEO BIOTROP produces daily waste from oyster mushroom baglog (Pleurotus ostreatus), dry organic waste that contains little water, such as dry leaves, grass straw, and citronella distilled waste. Managing oyster mushroom baglog waste, leaf waste, grass straw, and citronella distilled waste independently at SEAMEO BIOTROP as organic compost BIOPOS (BIOTROP Compost) is an environmentally friendly practice and can provide benefits both economically and ecologically. Apart from being carried out to protect biodiversity from decline, this study can also keep the soil system healthy and sustainable. The aim of this research is to: (1) make BIOPOS organic compost through the use of oyster mushroom baglog, leaf waste, leaf straw, and citronella distilled waste; (2) determine the influence of various types of BIOPOS organic compost (KT1, KT2, KT3) on the chemical content of compost. Research stages include: (1) creating BIOPOS organic compost, (2) measuring the chemical content of BIOPOS organic compost, and (3) measuring the effectiveness of BIOPOS. During the storage period of 30 dam up to 180 dam, BIOPOS organic compost which still contains N (0,54%), P (36,8%), K (7,23%) and complies with SNI 19-7030-2004 quality standards is KT3. In measuring C-Organic value, BIOPOS code KT2 with a storage period of 30 dam gained C-Organic amount of 28,36%, satisfying quality standards. The application of BIOPOS KT1, KT2, and KT3 with a pH range of 8,2- 8,3 high pH can be used to correct problems that often occur in acidic soils and is not effective when applied to sub-optimal alkaline soils because it will cause soil pH to increase sharply. Key words: BIOPOS, citronella distilled waste, grass straw, leaf waste, oyster mushroom baglog waste

Aplikasi Kitosan dari Litopenaeus vannamei dan Limbah Baglog dari Pleurotus ostreatus untuk Mendekolorisasi Limbah Cair Batik

The batik sector generates wastewater containing pigment residue, posing a significant environmental threat if not managed effectively. L. vannamei shells yield chitin, convertible to chitosan for water treatment. Baglogs, comprising mycelium and cellulose, serve as a viable adsorbent. The purpose of this study was to learn about the use shell of L. vannamei and P. ostreatus baglog waste with different lengths of time to decolorization batik industry waste water. The method for testing involves deproteinization with NaOH 1M, demineralization with HCl 2M and deasetylation with NaOH 60%. Chitosan L. vannamei and baglog P. ostreatus (2:25 g/g) waste were put into a container containing 500 mL of batik wastewater with colour content with variations of 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours. Further, the capacity of adsorption chitosan and baglog waste are determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer during the decolorization process in batik industry waste water using shell of L. vannamei and P. ostreatus baglog waste are 96 hours with a decolorization rate of 90.05%.

The Effect of Media Composition on The Change of Bag Log Waste Composition and Production of Oyster Mushroom

OPEFB has low biodegradability so its utilization is very limited. Oyster mushrooms are mushrooms that are capable of producing enzymes capable of degrading cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contained in) OPEFB. The research objective was to determine the effect of the composition of the growing media on the production of oyster mushrooms and changes in the composition of the resulting baglog waste. The study was carried out with the combination treatment of rubber wood and OPEFB, with levels: (a) 100% rubber wood powder and 0% OPEFB, (b) 75% rubber wood powder and 25% OPEFB, (c) 50% rubber wood powder and OPEFB 50%, (d) 25% rubber wood powder and 75% OPEFB, (e) 0% rubber wood powder and 100% OPEFB. Observation of raw material composition, mycelia growth, wet weight of the fungus, biological efficiency, changes in lignin content, cellulose, and hemicellulose before and after being used as a growing medium for oyster mushrooms. The results showed that the fastest mycelial growth occurred in the use of 100% OPEFB media. The highest oyster mushroom production occurred in the media 100% rubber sawdust. The higher the wet weight of the oyster mushrooms produced, the less the weight of the baglog waste produced. The oyster mushroom fermentation process for 60 days was able to reduce the content of 3.39% cellulose, 11.01% hemicellulose, and 1.98% lignin. Keywords: OPEFB, Oyster Mushroom, Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin

Assistance for Oyster Mushroom Entrepreneurs in Making Fish Feed Formulations for African Night Crawler Worm (ANC) and Trichoderma sp. Fermented Bran

Utilization of baglog waste as a growth medium for ANC worms as a raw material for making formulated fish feed provides opportunities as a side business for oyster mushroom entrepreneurs to increase income. The purpose of this service is to provide assistance to target partners, in this case oyster mushroom entrepreneurs, in utilizing ANC worm flour as a substitute for fish meal and then formulated with Trichoderma sp. fermented bran. The results of the dedication that has been carried out show that there has been an increase in partners' skills in making formulated fish fefazidah@usu.ac.ided and developing the potential of science and technology-based independent entrepreneurs who develop from mushroom businesses. After this dedication, it is hoped that the partners can continue to develop this worm farming business and the application of worm-formulated feed for fish farming which has also been developed by partners so as to create an integrated oyster mushroom-based farming center.

Eco-enzyme and mushroom bag-logs waste stimulate production and nutrients content of celery microgreen (Apium graveolens L.)

Celery microgreen is celery harvested at a young stage, which is a suitable production model to support urban farming. The study aimed to investigate the potential use of eco-enzyme and oyster mushroom media waste (bag-logs waste) on the growth of celery as microgreen. The present study employed a fully randomized factorial design comprising two factors. The first factor was the dosage of eco-enzyme (E): 0.5, 15, and 25 mL L-1 of water, while the second factor was the dosage of bag-log waste (L): 0.50, 100, and 150 g/tray. The variables that were assessed included wet weight, fresh economic weight, longest root length, root volume, moisture content, vitamin C, Mg, and Ca levels. The data were subjected to ANOVA analysis and subsequently followed by the application of the HSD test at a significance level of 5%. The findings indicated that there was a substantial interaction between the eco-enzyme and bag-log waste in all observed parameters. The best treatment was the combination of eco-enzyme at a concentration of 25 mL L-1 and bag-log waste at a rate of 150 g/tray. The eco-enzyme treatment exhibited a significant impact on all observed parameters, with the most effective treatment being the application of 25 mL L-1. The bag-log waste application affected all measured parameters with 150 g/tray yielding the most favorable results. Therefore, eco-enzymes and bag-log waste have the potential as growing media for celery microgreen cultivation.
 Keywords: celery, healthy food, organic farming, urban farming, zero waste

Study of The Chemical Properties of The Post-Harvest Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Pertilized by The Mushroom Baglog Waste Compost

Availability in the soil varies greatly, influenced by the interaction between the chemical properties of the soil and some other soil traits such as the physical and biological properties of the soil. An analysis of the chemical properties of the soil is vital to recognizing availability of nutrients for future crop cultivation. The purpose of this study is to know the chemical conditions of the ground after the harvest of the peanut plant after given the mushroom compost post fertilizer. The design of the experiment used in this study is a complete random design (ral) with a dose of mushroom post baglog fertilizer 6 and a degree of fertilizer recommendation 1 (as control). As for the treating cedar that is used is p1 = 100% recommendation fertilizer, p2 = 2 ton ha-1 fertilizer compost of the mushroom baglog, p4 = 4 tons of ha-1 fertilizer compost of the mushroom baglog, p5 = 6 tons of ha-1 Studies show a different dosage of fertilizer has a real impact on all the parameters observed.

Pengaruh Limbah Tomat dan EM4 terhadap Percepatan Pengomposan Limbah Baglog Jamur Tiram dalam Upaya Pembuatan Brosur bagi Masyarakat

Tomato fruit waste is fruit that has rotted and eventually becomes waste, often causing problems for the environment, so it is not widely used by the community. Tomato fruit waste can be used as a substitute for EM4 in making solid organic fertilizer, because in tomato waste there are microbes that can help the fermentation process. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of tomato waste and EM4 on accelerating the composting of oyster mushroom baglog waste. This type of research is experimental, namely there is 1 control and 2 treatments with 3 repetitions for each treatment so that 9 experimental plots are obtained. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data collection techniques use observation and documentation methods, then analyzed using descriptive methods. This was done to obtain fertilizer indicator data. Measurement of fertilizer indicators such as temperature, aroma, texture, color, pH and humidity. This research was carried out for 14 days and obtained data results which stated that tomato fruit waste was effective as a substitute for the role of EM4 in the process of making solid organic fertilizer, because in tomato fruit waste there are bacteria that help the fermentation process. The conclusion of this research is that the use of tomato fruit waste in the process of making organic fertilizer from oyster mushroom baglog waste produces good quality fertilizer as seen from the results of physical tests which show the characteristics, namely blackish brown color, odorless, neutral pH, humidity 60%-80 %, and the texture breaks down. The results of data analysis on the development of teaching materials showed that the validator score for teaching materials experts was an average of 4.6, material experts had an average of 4, and the public readability test average was 4.1, so that teaching materials in the form of brochures are suitable for use.

Pemanfaatan Kompos Limbah Baglog Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Microgreen Sawi (Brassica juncea L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of using compost and the optimum compost dosage from baglog waste of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on the yield of mustard greens (Barassica juncea L.). The method in this study used the experimental method. The research design was a single factor Complete Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 trials with 4 replications to obtain 20 trials. The results of this study indicate that the application of compost from oyster mushroom baglog waste showed a significant difference in the measurement parameters of first harvest time, first day of first true leaf emergence, plant height, and planting wet weight. The most optimal dose between soil and compost as a microgreen mustard planting medium is 9.5 kg of soil + 500 grams of compost

Characteristics Biobriquettes from Mushroom Baglog Waste Carbonization Production

Bio briquette is a briquette based on agricultural waste because it is deliberately made from biomass charcoal. The utilization of agricultural waste such as mushroom planting media to be processed as bio briquette requires a very cheap cost. Bio briquettes that are processed properly and correctly, will produce high-quality briquettes. The purpose of this study was to produce a biobriquette from baglog mushroom waste and to determine the characteristics of the biobriquette. The research material used consisted of 400 grams of mushroom baglog waste and 40 grams of starch as adhesive. The briquette dough is then printed cylindrical. The printed briquettes are then heated at 80°C for 5 hours to reduce the moisture content. The result of smoke test is the smoke will stop in 17 seconds with the color of the smoke is white. The Combustion of speed test, the results obtained are 0,0019 gram/second with an initial sample weight of 2, 4 grams and burning for 20 minutes 35 seconds with a final sample weight of 0,387 grams. The result of ash content is 0.16%. This result is in accordance with the SNI issued by our government. SNI of ash content is max 8 %.

Increasing Growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by applying baglog waste compost and manure in sand soil and paddy soil combination media

Increasing Growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by applying baglog waste compost and manure in sand soil and paddy soil combination media

- Increasing the Independence of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Entrepreneurs in Seedlings Preparation

Sadam Mushroom House is one of the mushroom producers in Medan Marelan with oyster mushroom production of 7-12 kg/day and can accommodate 7,000 baglogs. The problem of the oyster mushroom business is still very dependent on mushroom nurseries in an effort to provide F2 seedlings because there are still very limited facilities, infrastructure, understanding and skills in providing F0 - F2 seeds. Another problem is that the baglogs waste produced (2,000-3,000 baglogs every 3 months) has not been used properly so that it has the potential to pollute the environment. The purpose of this community service is to increase the independence of partners in providing oyster mushroom seeds, making compost from baglog waste and its use in plant cultivation. The solutions offered in solving these problems are the introduction of appropriate technology in the supply of F0-F2 mushroom seeds, the introduction of technology transfer goods, the management of baglog waste into compost and the use of compost from baglog waste as organic fertilizer for plant cultivation. The results of the community service that have been achieved are the introduction of technology transfer goods in the form of an autoclave, simple laminar air flow and tools for providing F0-F2 seedlings, training and assistance in providing F0-F2 mushroom seedling, training and assistance in making compost from baglog mushroom waste, direct practice of using mushroom compost for cultivating mung bean crop.

Respon Pertumbuhan Pakcoy (Brassica chinensis L.) terhadap Pemberian POC Limbah Baglog Jamur dan Kulit Semangka

Pakcoy (Brassica chinensis L.) is a vegetable from the Brassicaceae family. Pakcoy is a short-lived plant. Pakcoy contains fat, protein, Fe, Ca, P, Vitamins A, B, C, E, and K, with that pakcoy is very good for health and has prospects for high economic value. The first factor affecting the decline in pakcoy production is soil fertility. The continuous use of land with chemical fertilizers results in a decrease in biological, chemical and physical soil fertility, one of the efforts to overcome this problem is to improve cultivation techniques through fertilization. This study aims to determine the growth response of the pakcoy plant by administering liquid organic fertilizer from mushroom baglog waste and watermelon rinds. This study used a factorial complete randomized design with 2 factors, namely the interval of watering of liquid organic fertilizer and the volume of organic fertilizer dilution concentration and used quantitative descriptive analysis with the Two Way ANOVA test. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth response of the pakcoy plant to the application of liquid organic fertilizer from mushroom baglog waste and watermelon rinds. The results of this study indicated that the TIV3 treatment (watering interval once every 3 days with a volume of 30% dilution concentration) gave a response to plant height with an average of 18.05 cm, number of leaves with an average of 6 leaves, and an average fresh weight of 11.50 g.

Selection of organic matter as a wetland substrate for acid mine drainage treatment

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the problems arising from mining activities. Acid mine drainage is formed due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals such as pyrite (FeS2) by water and oxygen. Alternative management of AMD in a sustainable and eco-friendly way is constructed wetland. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the type and composition of potential organic matter that can improve AMD quality. The study consisted of three stages: a screening of organic matter, a combination of two organic matters, and a combination of cow manure and empty fruit bunches (EFB) in various compositions. Types of organic matters used are cow, goat, and chicken manure, three types of compost, EFB, sawdust, wood chips, chopped water hyacinth, cocopeat, fresh waste and compost waste cajuputi leaf, waste of citronella distillation, baglog waste, and bagasse. The results showed that several types of organic matter could increase the pH of AMD. The combination of EFB and cow manure with a ratio of 2:1 is the best result because it can increase pH, reduce dissolved heavy metals and sulfates, and availability of raw materials that are abundant in nature, especially in Indonesia.

The Quality of Compost Made From a mixture of Oyster Mushroom Baglog Waste and Cow Manure with the Addition of Dekomposer of Promi, MA-11, and BPF

: This study aims to determine the quality of compost of a mixture of Oyster Mushroom Baglog waste and Cow Manure, using Promi (Promoting Microbes), MA-11 (Microba Alfaafa-11), and BPF (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) decomposers. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of 4 ( Four) treatments: P0 = Baglog Oyster Mushrooms and Manure with a ratio = 1:2 without decomposers, P1 = Baglog Oyster Mushrooms and Manure with a ratio = 1:2 plus Promi, P2 =Baglog Oyster Mushrooms and manure with a ratio = 1:2 plus MA 11, P3=Baglog Oyster Mushrooms and Manure with a ratio of = 1:2 plus (BPF). Each treatment was repeated three times to obtain 12 experimental units. Parameters measured were: texture, pH, C-organic, N-total, C/N Ratio, Temperature (Temperature), Compost Color, and Compost Odor. The results showed that of the three decomposers used in this study, Promi was better at decomposing compose for two months. Promi is faster in changing the color of the compost to black, faster in reducing the temperature of the compost, has a pH of 6.81, and has the lowest organic C content and total N content of 0.94%. Of the three decomposers used in this study, Promi is better and faster for producing compost from a mixture of baglog and cow manure than the other treatments.

Effectiveness of Bio Activator of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Consortium on Composting Bag-log Waste Incorporated with Cow Dung

Bag-log waste is an organic material that is difficult to decompose. This is due to the bag log's high content of lignin compounds. Therefore, to speed up the composting process, it is necessary to include other organic materials and bio activators. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the bio-activator consortium of Phosphate Dissolving Bacteria (KBPF) in composting bag-log waste mixed with cow dung. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments with three replications, namely (T1) bag-log waste, (T2) a mixture of bag-log waste and cow manure with a composition of 1:2 (wt/wt), (T3) a mixture of bag-log waste and cow manure with 2:1 ( wt/wt), (T4) a mixture of bag-log waste and cow manure with a composition of 1:2 (wt/wt) plus KBPF (200 ml) with a density of 108 CFU/ml (T5) a mixture of bag-log waste and cow manure with a composition of 2:1 (wt/wt) plus KBPF (200 ml) with a density of 108 CFU/ml. The experiment was created as - Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The experimental results show that bag-log waste cannot be decomposed fastly without cow dung and bio activators. The treatments of T2, T3, T4 and T5 produced compost with quality not significantly different from one another. Under these treatments, the temperature was controlled in the mesophilic stage, and the composting pH was returned to neutral, while the moisture content and C/N ratio decreased to almost half of their original levels at the end of the composting period. It seems that inoculation of KBPF into the mixture of cow dung and bag-log waste has no role in accelerating the composting process. The mix of Bag-log and cow dung, with a minimal proportion of 2:1 without inoculation KBPF, was the recommended combination in composting bag-log in which the final product (compost) could fulfil its pH (neutral), the threshold of temperature and water content. The C/N ratio of the treatment was close C/N ratio of mature compost, and total N and total P contents were more than the standard of SNI 19-7030-2004.

Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Inokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Dan Pupuk Limbah Baglog

Shallots are one of Indonesia's leading horticultural commodities. Domestic demand for shallots for this commodity is very high in line with population growth. On the other hand, shallot cultivation is generally carried out with high production inputs such as the unwise use of inorganic fertilizers. This will have an impact on the decline in soil quality and will ultimately reduce production. One way that can be done to overcome this is the use of organic fertilizers such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA) and baglog waste fertilizer. The experimental design used in this study was a two-factor Randomized Block Design (RAK). The first factor is the dose of AMF, which consists of: M0 = 0 gr, M1 = 5 gr, and M2 = 10 gr. The second factor is the dose of baglog waste fertilizer, which consists of: B0 = 0 tons/ha, B1 = 5 tons/ha, and B2 = 10 tons/ha. The results showed: inoculation of AMF and baglog waste fertilizer had not been able to increase the growth of shallot plants, inoculation of 10 g of AMF could increase the number of tubers/clump by 21.53% compared to control, and the combination of treatment without AMF and without baglog waste fertilizer resulted in fresh weight of tubers/clump. the best clump, which is 106.68 gr.

The potential of mushroom Baglog waste compost by adding FMA on ground water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir) growth

Unrecycled mushroom Baglog waste will become a place for spores to grow so that the spores will spread to the inoculation room, damaging the mushroom Baglog media, which causes crop failure. The right step for utilizing Baglog waste is composting it. A composted Baglog waste will be better if it is added with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA), improving and increasing soil nutrient quality. This study aimed to determine the potential of mushroom Baglog waste compost by adding FMA to groundwater spinach growth (Ipomoea reptans Poir). This study used RAK to treat compost, compost+AFM 10g, compost+AFMA 20g, and compost+AFMA 30g. The study results indicate that Baglog waste compost and FMA have not been able to interact well on the parameters of tendril length, wet weight, and dry weight, as shown by the results that are not significantly different from compost treatment without FMA. Even so, compost waste has the potential to be used as fertilizer or media because it already has physical quality conforming to SNI. Adding FMA to mushroom Baglog waste compost is recommended because it can potentially increase plants' growth rate. The best interaction between Baglog mushroom waste compost and FMA was the compost + 10 g FMA treatment for all observation parameters.

Responses of Plant Growth and Lettuce Yields to the Application of Oyster Mushroom Baglog Waste Compost

Seeing the potential and efficacy of lettuce causes the demand for lettuce to increase. Lettuce cultivation using planting media that can be utilized is oyster mushroom baglog waste. This study aims to determine the effect of applying oyster mushroom baglog waste compost on the growth and yield of lettuce plants, to determine the best dose of oyster mushroom baglog waste compost on the growth and yield of lettuce plants. The design used was a 1-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatment levels, namely A0 (control), A1 (400 g), A2 (500 g) and A3 (600 g). With 5 repetitions, there are 20 experimental units. Parameters observed in this study were plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and fresh weight of lettuce. The results showed that the application of oyster mushroom baglog waste compost had an effect on the growth and yield of lettuce. The best dose treatment for the growth and yield of lettuce is A3.