Badong County Research Articles

Accurately uncovering the regional ecological restoration priorities: A multidimensional approach to eco-dynamic sustainable management

Accurate identification, projection and dynamic evaluation of ecological degradation priorities are important prerequisites for realizing ecological restoration and territorial protection. However, the complexity of ecological systems and environmental diversity often limit the effectiveness of single-model evaluation approaches. Utilizing Badong County as a case study, this paper integrated the InVEST-Circuit-PLUS model to comprehensively analyze the eco-dynamic sustainability and restoration needs. Through performing projection of land cover, construction of ecological source areas, calculation of ecological resistance characteristics and extraction of ecological elements, we were able to identify priority ecological restoration areas over a twenty-year period (2007–2027). The results revealed cyclical land cover transformations from forest to cropland and back to forest, with an overall trend of forest cover expansion. While the county's ecological quality showed a slight decline, the location and extent of high-value ecological source areas were mapped in detail. By integrating ecosystem service value assessments, driver factor analyses, and the development of a "One Belt, Two Axes, Three Sources and Four Zones" ecological management framework, we were able to uncover the nuanced spatial and temporal dynamics shaping the regional ecology. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation to guide targeted ecological restoration and sustainable land use planning, which has verified the feasibility of the framework.

Analysis of the Dihedral Corner Reflector’s RCS Features in Multi-Resource SAR

Artificial corner reflectors are widely used in the vegetated landslide for time series InSAR monitoring due to their permanent scattering features. This paper investigated the RCS features of a novel dihedral CR under multi-resource SAR datasets. An RCS reduction model for the novel dihedral corner reflector has been proposed to evaluate the energy loss caused by the deviation between the SAR incident angle and the CR’s axis. On the Huangtupo slope, Badong county, Hubei province, tens of dihedral CRs had been installed and the TSX–spotlight and Sentinel-TOPS data had been collected. Based on the observation results of CRs with more than ten deviation angles, the proposed reduction model was tested with preferable consistency under a real dataset, while 2 dBsm of systematic bias was verified in those datasets. The maximum incident angle deviation in the Sentinel data overlapping area is over 12°, which leads to a 2.4 dBsm RCS decrease for horizontally placed dihedral CRs estimated by the proposed model, which has also been testified by the observed results. The testing results from the Sentinel data show that in high, vegetation-covered mountain areas like the Huangtupo slope, the dihedral CRs with a 0.4 m slide length can be achieve 1 mm precision accuracy, while a side length of 0.2 m can achieve the same accuracy under TSX–spotlight data.

A photographic method to identify reservoir geohazards induced by rock mass deterioration of hydro-fluctuation belt

Potential geohazards triggered by the rock mass deterioration (RMD) of the hydro-fluctuation belt (HFB) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area (TGRA) severely threaten the lives and property of people, it is necessary and urgent to timely identify this kind of potential geohazard. Aiming at this issue, several typical evolution modes of potential RMD-induced geohazards were generalized, and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photographic method integrating the orthophotography, three-dimensional multi-angle oblique photography and high-precision digital elevation model (DEM) was proposed to early recognize the newly formed potential RMD-induced geohazards. By resolving the problem of poor precision in the orthophotographic images of high steep bank slopes, the proposed method improved the recognition reliability of potential reservoir geohazards in the HFBs. Taking the bank slopes from Zigui County to Badong County as the study area, 116 new potential RMD-induced geohazard sites were identified by the presented approach, including 64 and 52 sites on the left and right bank, respectively. Through field verifications, 17 and 19 sites on the left and right bank were found to be consistent with existing hazards, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in avoiding the false and missing recognitions of potential RMD-induced reservoir geohazards at current levels of knowledge and technology. The study can provide a valuable reference for the early identification of RMD-induced geohazards in reservoir areas.

A hybrid model to overcome landslide inventory incompleteness issue for landslide susceptibility prediction

Landslide inventory incompleteness (LII) may significantly affect the model performance in landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). However, traditional methods, including heuristic, statistical and deterministic models, cannot address LII issue. In this work, we introduce a novel hybrid LEO-MAHP model, blending landslide frequency, empirical adjustments, optimization functions, and multi-participated analytic hierarchy process to address it by taking Badong County as the study area. This hybrid model mitigates the drawbacks of data-heavy statistical approaches and subjective heuristic models by incorporating LII into weight determination. The findings show that the LEO-MAHP model demonstrates superior performance (AUROC = 0.809 and 0.805) over conventional statistical (AUROC = 0.714 and 0.770) and heuristic models (AUROC = 0.738 and 0.741) across different LII levels. We further discuss alternative LII solutions, proposing an updated landslide management strategy that accounts for climate change and human activities. Our findings underscore the necessity of evaluating LII before applying statistical or machine learning methods in LSM.

A Novel Distributed PV Data Virtual Collection With Continuous-Binary Denoising Auto-Encoders

The massive deployment of distributed photovoltaic (PV) installed on residential rooftops makes PV data collection and user privacy protection more prominent. To reduce number of devices and improve the ability to combat data loss in complex terrain environment, this paper proposes a deep learning-based virtual collection method. The proposed method employs a continuous-binary denoising auto-encoder (CB-DAE) to analyze the static characteristics of a multi-photovoltaic system (MPVS) and select reference PV (RPV). A data anomaly detector is constructed using ensemble learning to assist CB-DAE in data blind cleaning and decouple the dynamic characteristics from MPVS. To train the CB-DAE, a joint optimization model of data cleaning -RPV selection -the virtual collection is established, and the sparsity constraint of L1-norm is expressed as L0-norm constraint. Furthermore, an improved split Bregman using Lp-quasinorm approach is proposed to accelerate the solution. The proposed method is validated using data from Jan. 1 to Apr. 15, 2022, of 110 PVs from Badong County, Hubei Province, China. The impact of the scale of MPVS and the number of RPV on accuracy is also explored. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Pengaruh kepemimpinan demokratis, lingkungan, dan disiplin terhadap kinerja pegawai non ASN di sekretariat DPRD Kabupaten Badung tahun 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of democratic leadership, the work environment, and discipline on the performance of non-ASN employees at the Badung Regency DPRD Secretariat.
 Research methodology: This research methodology is quantitative research. The data collection technique involved a survey using a questionnaire with a total sample of 73 non-ASN employees. Data analysis was performed using the SmartPLS software.
 Results: The findings showed that the t-count value determined for the variable “Democratic Leadership” was greater than the t-table value (12.292 > 1.6). The t-count value of the working environment variable is greater than the t-table value (7.084 > 1.6). The t-count value of the identified work discipline variable is greater than the t-table value (12.218 > 1.6). Therefore, democratic leadership has a positive impact on employee performance, the work environment has a real positive impact on employee performance, work discipline has a real positive impact on employee performance, and at the same time democratic leadership (X1), work environment (X2), and work discipline (X3) have a significant (real) impact on employee performance (Y). If these three variables increase together, the performance of non-ASN employees in the Badong County Regional Representative Committee Secretariat will also increase.
 Limitations: The sample used in this research was a saturated sample of 73 non-ASN employees at the Badung Regency DPRD Secretariat, so the possibility of obtaining different results cannot be ruled out if a research model and a larger number of samples were used.
 Contribution: This research is expected to provide additional information or input in an effort to improve the performance of non-ASN employees at the Badung Regency DPRD Secretariat.

Research on ecological compensation based on the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Qinling-Daba Mountains

Quantifying the spatial displacement process of ecosystem service flow (ESF) between supply, connection and demand is the key to deeper understanding of the spatial mechanism of ecosystem service (ES) action, and is an important basis for accurate identification of ecological compensation (EC) areas and accounting of compensation standards. At present, there are few studies on the spatial flow process of ecosystem service flows between supply and demand areas, which are at the stage of conceptual analysis and lack of quantitative simulation studies. In view of this, the supply and demand matching of Qinling-Daba Mountains carbon sequestration and water yield services were quantitatively assessed by model simulation methods, and the supply and benefit areas of ecosystem services were identified. Based on the gravity model and breakpoint formula, a comparative ecological radiation force (CERF) model is proposed to simulate the flow path and ecosystem service flow of regional ecosystems, and quantitatively evaluate the total amount of ecological compensation. The results are as follows: (1) there is a mismatch between supply and demand of the two ecosystem services, urban areas are more mismatched than rural areas. (2) The two ecosystem services have surpluses in most areas (such as Diebu County, Lushi County, Xiahe County, Badong County, etc.), which made the ecosystem service flow mainly occur in areas with more ecosystem service surpluses. (3) The total amount of ecological compensation is about 1.5 billion RMB, including 0.12 billion RMB for carbon sequestration services and 1.38 billion RMB for water yield services. This study not only provided theoretical support for sustainable ecological-economic development in mountainous areas, but also laid the foundation for the government to formulate ecological compensation policies.

A New Calculation Method of Force and Displacement of Retaining Wall and Slope

On the basis of the force and safety factor analysis of traditional retaining walls, a new analytical method of force and displacement of the slope is suggested, the numerical theoretical solution of the stress distribution of the sliding body can be obtained under the conditions, which the stresses distribution are satisfied with the differential equilibrium equations, the boundary conditions, the compatibility equation and the macroscopic equilibrium equations. The interface stresses between the sliding body and the retaining wall is continuous, and the theoretical solution of retaining wall stress distributions can be obtained, while the stress differential equilibrium equation, the compatibility equation, macroscopic force, and moment balance equations are satisfied. The strain and displacement solutions can be obtained by using Duncan Chang and Hooke constitutive equations for the slope and the retaining wall, respectively. The transfer station of landfill in the Guandukou Town of Badong County is taken as an example, the results of the sliding body and retaining wall analysis show: The stress and strain solutions of a slope and a retaining wall can be obtained by the proposed method. The anti-slip force of the retaining wall calculated by the method in this paper contains the positive pressure and shear force along the contact surface and varies with the deformation of the slope, in addition, the numerical theoretical solution of the retaining wall shows that the retaining wall shape and material can be optimized according to the calculation results. It is feasible for the proposed analysis method of slope with retaining wall design to be run many years.

Application of Bagging, Boosting and Stacking Ensemble and EasyEnsemble Methods for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China

Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir area in 2003, the potential risks of geological disasters in the reservoir area have increased significantly, among which the hidden dangers of landslides are particularly prominent. To reduce casualties and damage, efficient and precise landslide susceptibility evaluation methods are important. Multiple ensemble models have been used to evaluate the susceptibility of the upper part of Badong County to landslides. In this study, EasyEnsemble technology was used to solve the imbalance between landslide and nonlandslide sample data. The extracted evaluation factors were input into three bagging, boosting, and stacking ensemble models for training, and landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) was drawn. According to the importance analysis, the important factors affecting the occurrence of landslides are altitude, terrain surface texture (TST), distance to residences, distance to rivers and land use. The influences of different grid sizes on the susceptibility results were compared, and a larger grid was found to lead to the overfitting of the prediction results. Therefore, a 30 m grid was selected as the evaluation unit. The accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), recall rate, test set precision, and kappa coefficient of a multi-grained cascade forest (gcForest) model with the stacking method were 0.958, 0.991, 0.965, 0.946, and 0.91, respectively, which a significantly better than the values produced by the other models.

Study on Deformation Mechanism and Control Measures of Tanziyan Landslide

Studying the deformation and failure mechanism of the Tanziyan landslide in Yesanguan Town, Badong County, and designing the controlling measures are of great significance to ensure the sustainable development of urban planning and construction. In this paper, stability of Tanziyan landslide is analyzed using the calculation method of complex plane slip surface. After consideration of the essential characteristics of the disaster body,the deformation and failure mechanism of the landslide is studied, and the corresponding landslide treatment measures are presented. Results show stability state of the landslide is understable to unstable as a whole, and the development process can be roughly divided into three stages: sliding, bending and the cracks are connected. Finally, it is proposed to cut and reshape the slope from the crack groove on the slope top to the national highway, and thenlattice beams and anchor cables are presented to protect the reshaped slope surface. Ecological bags are used to stack and regreen between the lattice structures. A retaining wall is built on the inner side of the national highway at the bottom of the slope cutting area, an active protective net is laid on the east side of the crack groove, and monitoring works are set for potential deformation areas. In short, experiences of engineering practice in this landslidecan provide reference for similar projects.

Comprehensive evaluation of ecological vulnerability based on the AHP-CV method and SOM model: A case study of Badong County, China

As a result of rapid economic development, ecological environmental problems have become increasingly serious. Ecological vulnerability (EV) assessment can scientifically analyse the causal mechanism and change laws of ecosystem vulnerability, providing a basis for decision-making for ecological environmental protection. Based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) model, this paper selects 13 indicators, including the geological hazard index, soil erosion sensitivity, population density, proportion of developed land, remote sensing ecological index, and landscape adaptability index, to construct an EV evaluation index system for Badong County, China. Furthermore, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-coefficient of variation (CV) method and the self-organizing map (SOM) model are used to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the EV of Badong County in 2020. The main factors affecting the EV are explored through GeoDetector. The results show that the EV in Badong County is at a moderate level and above; it is high in the north and south and low in between. According to the analysis of the EV results, the 12 townships in Badong County can be divided into 3 classes. Class I includes Xinling and Dongdukou towns, where the EV is high. Ecological governance measures should be strengthened in these two towns. Based on the GeoDetector results, the spatial distribution of EV in Badong County is mainly related to five factors: the geological hazard index, habitat quality index, proportion of developed land, remote sensing ecological environment index, and soil erosion sensitivity.

Analysis of Reservoir Seismic Law Based on Three-Dimensional Morphological Characteristics of Joint Surface Related to Listric Fault

Since water storage, earthquakes occurred in Badong County, Hubei Province, accounted for as much as one-third of the strong earthquakes in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. For example, the MS5.1 earthquake occurred in December 2013 near the Gaoqiao fault in Badong County. The earthquake time, magnitude, and location analysis showed that reservoir earthquakes in this area exhibited some characteristics, such as periodicity, migration, and deep extension. Based on the regional stratum lithology and structural characteristics, this paper designed a curved joint on a small scale to simulate the structural morphology of the Gaoqiao fault and carried out triaxial compression tests under different immersion times to analyze the morphological parameters of the joint surface. The results showed that topological parameters such as root mean square height (Sq), arithmetic average height (Sa), reverse load area ratio (Smc), and minimum autocorrelation length (Sal) could effectively characterize the degree of damage and deterioration of curved joints. The test privides a reference for analyzing the evolution law of the seismic characteristics of the reservoir.

Forest restoration shows uneven impacts on soil erosion, net primary productivity and livelihoods of local households

China has made tremendous efforts in forest restoration (FR), and has established ambitions to govern its fragile ecosystem and improve green welfare until 2035. However, debate still exists over whether FR can simultaneously improve ecosystem services and enhance livelihoods. In this paper, we test the impacts of forest restoration on key ecosystem services and livelihoods via a case study of Badong County in the TGRA, China. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach were used to evaluate the soil erosion rate (SER) and net primary productivity (NPP), and we analyzed livelihoods through 520 surveys. Our results revealed that forestland increased significantly from 45.34% to 69.63% during 1990–2015. The annual average SER significantly dropped from 67.01 to 51.18 t·ha−1·yr−1 during 2001–2015, and the annual average NPP increased from 547.12 gC·m−2·a−1 in 2000 to 609.81 gC·m−2·a−1 in 2015. However, the afforestation area offered disadvantages when compared with the persisting forest area in SER and NPP. Households in ecologically fragile areas have equal opportunities in, among others, infrastructure and government policies, but their income and living conditions are often heterogeneous. The per capita income and area of residence improved under FR. Nonetheless, the inequality in per capita income between participating households (PHs) and nonparticipating households (NPHs) increased. Compared with NPHs, PHs lost more cropland, and agricultural income, and more PH householders were forced to find new livelihood activities. These inequalities are not conducive to the sustainable development of FR. Accordingly, we recommend that restoration efforts should focus on forest quality and habitat availability improvement in the persisting forest area and afforestation area, and on new reforestation programmes where appropriate. The government should provide sustainable and science-based ecological subsidies and help PHs obtain alternative livelihood activities, which contribute to higher household income and poverty alleviation.

Analysis of Seismicity Characteristics and Seismogenic Mechanism in Badong County of Three Gorges Reservoir Area Before and After Impoundment

Analysis of Seismicity Characteristics and Seismogenic Mechanism in Badong County of Three Gorges Reservoir Area Before and After Impoundment

Analysis of the stability of Zhangjiapo landslide

The Zhangjiapo landslide in Xinling Town; Badong County has obvious deformation and a great hidden danger of safety in the past two years. In order to better treat the Zhangjiapo landslide, I quantify the stability of Zhangjiapo landslide using transfer coefficient method. And this method is compared and verified with the method of strength reduction stability analysis after using Rhino to establish geological model into FLAC3D. The results show that the stability coefficient is basically the same, and the Zhangjiapo landslide is extremely unstable under rainstorm condition. It proves the reliability of the paper’s numerical simulation method in landslide research and provides a reference for the analysis of the landslide. According to the engineering geological characteristics of Zhangjiapo landslide and the influence of deformation area on landslide body, combined with the present situation of landslide, the comprehensive treatment scheme of landslide body "anti-slide pile+reinforcement of landslide front+drain" is put forward from the point of view of protecting environment.

Assessment of spatial coupling coordination in the Three Gorges reservoir area- Taking Badong County as an example

The special geographical location leads to the mutual restriction of urban spatial natural resources, material space and economy and society in the Three Gorges reservoir area, which threatens the spatial security of the towns. Based on the characteristics of multidimensional coupling between systems, this study uses Badong County as an example to evaluate the trend of coupling coordination between natural resources-material space-economic society and society by using the coupling coordination model. The results show that although the coupling degree between systems in Badong County is as high as 0.9546 and the degree of interaction is very strong, the degree of coupling coordination is only a moderate imbalance development type. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to improve the level of coupling and coordination between systems and ensure the safety of urban space.

Reliability analysis of unsaturated soil slope stability using spatial random field-based Bayesian method

Rainfall and water level change are two of the main factors causing failure of reservoir slopes. Thus, soil-fluid mechanics is applied with the fluctuation of groundwater table. However, many of the geotechnical parameters needed for the analysis are highly varied. Spatial random field-based Bayesian method is proposed, which can systematically assimilate prior knowledge, borehole testing data, and long-term monitoring data to obtain posterior distributions. There are three major components of the method. They include unsaturated soil-fluid coupling mechanics, spatial multivariate discretization, and subset Monte Carlo simulation of reliability analysis. The approach is applied to the Shiliushubao slope of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which is located 9.0 km downstream of the Badong County in Hubei Province, China. Results prove that the updated key geotechnical parameters will quantitatively predict the geohazards of landslide, especially for unsaturated soil slope conditions that suffer an unprecedented heavy rainfall subject to low reservoir water level in the upcoming summer.

The influence of excavation of combined foundations of high-voltage transmission towers and spoils loading on landslide stability

With the construction of “West-to-East Power Transmission” and national networked engineering projects, high-voltage transmission towers, which are important components of transmission lines, are important power engineering facilities. They are inevitably erected on the ridges, edges of steep slopes, and river banks. Therefore, induced by internal factors and external factors, it is easy to cause landslide disasters in these areas, resulting in power grid accidents such as tilting of power poles, disconnections, and trips. This article takes the Yanzi landslide in Badong County and 500kV transmission tower on the landslide as the research object. For the combined foundation excavation form of the tower foundation, the relative positions of different tower foundations and landslides and the loading of spoil are analyzed. The influence of excavation of transmission tower foundation and pile dumping on the stability of the landslide is discussed. The research results show that the effect of the combined foundation excavation on the stability of the landslide is negligible, but it will affect the stability of the local landslide, and the stability of the local landslide is related to the relative position of the tower foundation and the landslide. In addition, the pile loading of spoil will also affect the stability of local landslides, and the degree of impact is related to the size of the spoil pile.

Assessing in-situ conservation status of threatened medicinal vascular plants in central China

It is of great significance to carry out scientific investigation of threatened species and assess their in-situ conservation status in order to guide the conservation and management of these species within a region. In this study, we explored and assessed the biodiversity and in-situ conservation status of the threatened medicinal vascular plants(TMVPs) in central China. The results showed that there were 276 TMVPs in central China, including 18 critically endangered(CR), 77 endangered(EN), and 181 vulnerable(VU) species. Of which, 222 TMVPs were distributed in 49 national nature reserves, with an in-situ conservation rate of 80.43%. And the in-situ conservation rate of CR, EN and NR species were 83.33%, 77.92% and 81.22%, respectively. The complementary algorithm was used to select the nine national nature reserves with the highest protection and complementary contribution to the TMVPs. The cumulative protection contribution rate of these nine nature reserves was 81.98%. Fifty-four TMVPs were distributed outside of national nature reserves, while mainly distributed within 10 hotspot counties including Badong county, Hubei province, Sangzhi county, Hunan province, Jianghua Yao Autonomous county, Hunan province and so on. In general, TMVPs are well protected by the national nature reserves in central China. However, there are still some conservation gaps. It is necessary to carry out further field investigation on the species with conservation gaps and identify the gap areas, so as to provide scientific guidance for the optimization of the conservation of TMVPs in this region.

Risk assessment of snowmelt-induced landslides based on GIS and an effective snowmelt model

In early 2008, southern China experienced a severe freezing snow event, causing many geological disasters (such as landslides). Based on combining the infinite slope model and the snowmelt effect, an effective snowmelt model (ESM) is proposed to calculate the stability of landslides. The geological mechanics model of snowmelt-induced landslides is established with the Enshi area as a case study. The landslide susceptibility in the Enshi area is evaluated based on the set pair analysis and analytical hierarchy process. Then, the hazard grade of snowmelt-induced landslides is predicted and classified by the calculation results of ESM. And the warning grade of Enshi is determined based on the landslide susceptibility and the hazard grade. The results indicate the following: (1) High-susceptibility areas in Enshi are mainly concentrated in the regions of Badong County and Lichuan County. (2) The snowmelt hazard in the rock group with a high susceptibility is considered a medium-level hazard and the other areas are low-level hazards. (3) A total of 94.73% of the study region is a no-warning area, and the levels 3 and 4 warning zones account for 1.04% and 4.23%, respectively. (4) The increases in the slope gradient α and the slip zone depth Z lead to a decreasing initial stability and decreased influence of snowmelt water infiltration. (5) The snowmelt threshold can be calculated by the ESM model, and different snowmelt risk levels can be classified according to the relationship between the snowmelt threshold and the slope gradient.