Bad Teeth Research Articles

Smile aesthetics in Pakistani population: dentist preferences and perceptions of anterior teeth proportion and harmony

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate dentist perceptions of attractive smiles in the Pakistani population, considering different dental proportions.MethodsMaxillary casts and digital images were used to create symmetrical representations of anterior teeth. dentists’ preferences for good and bad teeth proportions, width/height ratios, and various dental proportions (golden, recurring esthetic dental (RED), golden percentage, Preston, and local/observed) were assessed using one sample and paired t-test. The Chi-square test was used to determine the gender disparities and factors affecting smile attractiveness. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.ResultsThe RED proportion emerged as the preferred choice for normal-sized teeth, with specialists and general dentists favoring it over the golden proportion. For tall teeth, the golden proportion was predominantly preferred. The golden percentage received limited preference for aesthetic smile construction.ConclusionsThe smiles created using the principles of RED proportion were opted as the most attractive by local dentists. Factors such as tooth arrangement, color, and midline were highlighted as essential considerations in aesthetic smile construction.

Dietary habits and nutrition status in esophageal cancer patients after esophageal reconstruction.

Surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). This study is to evaluate the dietary habits and nutrition status in EC patients who underwent esophagectomy followed by esophageal reconstruction. This retrospective study included patients with EC who underwent esophagectomy followed by esophageal reconstruction in the Department of Thoracic Surgery I of Peking University Cancer Hospital between February 2014 and December 2018. The primary outcomes were dietary habits and nutrition status. The secondary outcomes were gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life (QoL). A total of 346 patients were included. At 30 months after the operation, 90.2% of the patients had recovered to regular dietary habits, 72.8% of patients had a restored frequency of preoperative regular food intake, 2.3% of the patients ate more than six times a day, and 0.6% had semi-liquid food because of bad teeth. The nutrition status remained stable after 6 months postoperatively and recovered slightly 1 year after the surgery. At 30 months after the operation, the most common gastrointestinal symptoms were reflux (38.4%), dysphagia (15.3%), hoarseness (11.8%), abdominal distension (6.6%), diarrhea (2.9%), and nausea and vomiting (2.3%). According to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire-OG 25 (EORTC QLQ-OG 25), the factors that affected the life quality of patients during follow-up were anxiety, reflux, and dietary limitations. Most patients with EC who underwent esophageal reconstruction recovered to regular dietary habits and stable nutrition status, while some may still suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety, and dietary limitations.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СРЕДСТВ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ ГИГИЕНЫ ПОЛОСТИ РТА НА ДИНАМИКУ ПАРОДОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СТАТУСА БЕРЕМЕННЫХ ЖЕНЩИН

Subject. The hygienic condition of the oral cavity of pregnant women, using oral hygiene products of national production.
 Objectives. Studying the influence of personal oral hygiene products on pregnant women's periodontal status.
 Methodology. The study involved 90 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy with symptoms of periodontal disease. All patients filled out a questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive dental examination with the determination of the Green–Vermillion hygiene indexes, API, PMA indexes, and Orekhova–Ulitovsky's sensitivity index. Pregnant women were taught the correct technique of brushing their teeth. Furthermore, they were divided into three groups: the first group used the toothpaste of national production, the second used the toothpaste and the mouthwash of national production, and the third group was control. The control of the study was carried out in 2 and 4 weeks with repeated completion of the questionnaire and the determination of indices.
 Results. According to the survey, 72% of pregnant women noted bleeding gums and bad breath during pregnancy. Examination of the oral cavity after using the toothpaste and the mouthwash of the national production showed a significant reduction in plaque formation and a decrease in hygienic and periodontal indexes compared to the control group. 
 Conclusion
 1. Using the toothpaste and the mouthwash of the national production helped eliminate subjective sensations in pregnant women in the area of bad breath and tooth sensitivity.
 2. The toothpaste and the mouthwash of the national production have a beneficial effect on periodontal tissues, reducing plaque formation and inflammation in pregnant women's periodontal tissues.
 3. Using both toothpaste and mouthwash of national production appeared to be the most effective.

Hubungan Kandungan Fluorida Pada Air Sumur Gali Dan Kebiasaan Menggosok Gigi Terhadap Karies Gigi Pada Siswa MIN 2 Muara Enim


 
 
 
 Dental caries is a type of disease that can be found in individuals of various age groups, especially in children throughout the world. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between fluoride content in dug well water and personal hygiene on dental caries in MIN 2 students in Muara Enim. The research design used is a cross-sectional research design. The population in this study included 195 students in grades 2 and 3 who attended MIN 2 Muara Enim. From the results of the analysis, it was found that out of 130 respondents, 61 (46.9%) had fewer dental caries compared to 69 (53.1%) who had no dental caries. From the results of the analysis, it is known that the proportion of 130 respondents who found that the fluoride content in dug well water did not meet the requirements was 80 (61.5%) more than the 50 (38.5%) whose fluoride content in dug well water met the requirements. There were 81 (62.3%) respondents with bad tooth brushing habits compared to 49 (37.7%) respondents with good tooth brushing habits. The Chi square test results obtained a value of 0.011 < (0.05). This means that there is a significant relationship between the fluoride content in dug well water and dental caries in MIN 2 students in Muara Enim. Likewise, the results obtained for the tooth brushing variable with dental caries in MIN 2 students in Muara Enim had a ρ value of 0.000 < (0.05).
 
 
 

Klassmärken – tecken som röjer

My late grandmother (b. 1904) considered tattooes and whiskers to be class markers revealing a simple background; criminals and sailors had tatooes and footmen wore side-whiskers. My father thought talking too loud and chewing bubble gum were social class markers. According to my recently conducted interviews, bad teeth and crocs are todays class markers, as are certain names, such as Benny, Conny and Sonny. The youngest interviewees made a significant difference between the working class and so called white trash. They also mentioned ”Ullared”, a reality soap opera showing people with over-explicit examples of white trash class markers.

Oral Manifestation of Papillon-Lefevre in Two Siblings

Background: Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (PLS) is a very rare genetic disorder (autosomal recessive) that usually affects infants between the ages of one and five years. PLS is characterized by palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis and premature loss of primary and permanent teeth with extensive, severe, and rapid destruction of the alveolar bone, leading to the premature loss of both teeth. Objective: To report on the management of PLS patients. Case: A 9-year-old girl and a 2.5-year-old boy from Nganjukto General Hospital, Pediatric Dentistry Division, RSGM Airlangga University with the main complaints of upper left tooth pain, rocking, difficulty eating, erythematous hyperkeratosis hands and feet, periodontal inflammation, mobility. bad teeth. Case Management: Nine-year-old girl: Teeth #26 and #46 could not be retained and extracted due to buccoversion and severe mobility. Periodontal supportive therapy was periodontal debridement, scaling and root planing and oral hygiene counseling with 0.20% chlorhexidine gluconate. Two-and-a-half-year-old boy: Too young, he is observed every 3 months. It is recommended to take vitamin B complex in appropriate doses and fruit juice as an additional supplement. Conclusion: Intensive periodontal treatment and administration of antibiotics only delays the progression of periodontal disease and cannot be used to prevent primary and permanent teeth. Extensive and repeated prosthodontic treatment is required to provide functional teeth to children during their period of jaw growth.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT DENGAN PERILAKU MENGGOSOK GIGI PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH SDN CIPINANG BESAR UTARA 10 PAGI JAKARTA TIMUR

Dental and oral health is a support for achieving optimal body health. How to brush your teeth properly is very important to teach children because it greatly affects the level of dental hygiene. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between school-age children's knowledge of oral and dental health and tooth brushing behavior in Grades 1A and 1B of SDN Cipinang Besar Utara 10 Pagi. This study design uses descriptive correlative with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique is total sampling. The sample in this study were 66 students. The results of this study showed that 46 students (69.7%) lacked knowledge and 45 students (68.2%) had bad tooth brushing behavior. Statistical test results using the Chi Square test with a value of ρ = 0.003 when compared with α = 0.05, then ρ value <0.05. This shows that Ha is accepted. It can be concluded that in this study there is a relationship between dental and oral health knowledge in school children and brushing behavior in Class 1A and 1B SDN Cipinang Besar Utara 10 Pagi. Suggestions for schools are that it is hoped that they can work together with the local health center to provide health education on tooth brushing behavior in an effort to improve dental and oral hygiene.

Investigation of Mechanical Behaviors of Dental Implants With Different Geometries

AbstractDental implants have received a lot of attention and have been used to treat symptoms such as missing teeth and bad teeth. Due to the wide range of occupations and ages of patients, the functions and aims of implants are different. There are many kinds of dental implant shapes. However, with the popularity of dental implants, the problems caused by the some of the dental implant shapes have received much attention. In fact, some implants were used incorrectly. This makes the stress distribution around the implant unreasonable; it not only affects the surrounding bone resorption but also causes mechanical fracture of the implant. This work aims to evaluate the mechanical features of five different kinds of dental implant systems. By applying engineering systems of investigations such as FEM, five types of dental implants and surrounding bone tissue were modeled and simulated under vertical loads of 90 N. Distributions of stresses and deformations in the bone were obtained and ranked according to statistical scores, which were used to judge the optimum geometry of implants. The analytical results showed that the cylindrical implant is the most optimum shape among the other types of implants.

A Physical Barrier Model for Preventing the Enamel Demineralization

The incidence and prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia has increased from year to year. The main cause is often associated with bad tooth brushing habits. Caries occurs because there is a process of demineralization of the surface of hard tooth tissues such as email due to the presence of acids produced by bacteria that metabolize the substrate. Coating the tooth surface with an acid-resistant material is an emerging idea for caries prevention in the future, Preliminary studies with extracted tooth models demonstrated that enamel surface coating was able to prevent demineralization through physical barrier. This method is possible as novel strategy of caries prevention on clinical level.

Night Admissions

Night Admissions Shala Erlich (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Image by moca [End Page 52] Lily walks in the door without knocking and right away asks the hovering boyfriend to leave the room. “Boyfriend” is maybe not the best label; better to think of him the way the OB/GYN folks like to write in their chart notes, as the FOB. Father of the Baby. He’s wearing dirty jeans and a dirtier yellow T-shirt, looks like he’s about nineteen, antsy and unsure of his role. A real FOB, Lily thinks. On the other hand, she sympathizes. Getting his girlfriend pregnant wasn’t the best move, but this much drama before the baby has shown up seems like extra. [End Page 53] “I’ll find you when we’re done here, thirty or forty minutes,” Lily tells him, gesturing with her clipboard toward the hallway. Even though they are deep into the night, the ER is humming with voices and pagers and IV alarms. There was a quiet spell, truly like magic, around nine, but when Lily called her husband, Daniel said, “I’m trying to get Nora on a regular bedtime, and besides, what’s the point now?” Daniel was so loyal and sweet all through the first year, bringing Nora to Lily for breastfeeding sessions in any available interlude, day or night, and in any random call room or broom closet they could find, like a three-way love affair. But tonight there will be no sneaked visit with Nora in the ER family room. ________ “Go on,” says the pale young woman in the bed when the FOB stops in the doorway and gives her a backward look. “I know you can’t think about anything but having a smoke anyways.” The door closes behind him, and she settles herself prettily in the bed. Looks at Lily with expectation. A pink teddy bear with blue gum-ball eyes on the bed next to her stares at Lily too. A funny thing, that even psych patients are put to bed in the ER. The depressed ones stay in bed; the manic or psychotic ones usually don’t. Lily suppresses a twinge of jealousy that her patient gets to lie down. Is she even my patient, Lily wonders, just because she arrived during my shift? “Suicidal thoughts,” the nurse had said with disapproval. “Pregnant and suicidal”! Lily sits up straighter on her stool, takes her pen out of her chest pocket, and clicks the point out. “So. April. Tell me what’s going on?” April starts to cry. She has long, untended hair and big blue-gray eyes, mostly squinched shut right now, and bad teeth, overlapping and discolored. Lily waits, looking her over in the harsh lighting without saying anything, and April pulls herself together, sort of. “I’m just done!” “Done with what?” “You don’t care!” “I don’t care about what?” “Nobody cares! Even my baby doesn’t care.” Now this is possibly interesting. What does April imagine her baby is feeling? “How can you tell?” [End Page 54] But she starts crying again. What a mess. Interviewing her—it’s like trying to direct a snake. April keeps poking her head in some other direction with a reptilian bright-eyed look, yet her gaze is depthless. Lily peers into her face, trying to figure her out, to connect with her in some small way, but she is not there. The stuff she tells Lily is so vague and slippery and self- contradictory that Lily can’t hold on to it for more than a few minutes. Also, she can’t get images of Nora out of her mind. The way Nora twisted her fingers through Lily’s hair and then, without detaching from Lily’s nipple, turned her head toward Daniel if he spoke. Lily’s chest hurts, and her eyes sting. Her scrubs are tight around her hips and crotch; she makes a subtle adjustment on her stool, then grips her pen tighter and plows onward. ________ After a while, April goes back to accusing Lily of not caring. “I care about figuring out what we’re...

Prevalence of Non-Carious Tooth Wear in Patients

Non-carious lesions caused by tooth wear include hypersensitivity, bad oral cleanness (plaque formation), cosmetic complications and tooth fractures. It is associated with a number of dental problems if present. Objective: To determine the frequency of non-carious lesions in tooth wear among patients attending the dental OPD. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study which was carried out in the Dental department of Army Medical and Dental College Rawalpindi for one-year duration from January 2021 to December 2021. After formal approval by the Ethics Review Committee; regardless of the gender, 180 subjects of age 20-60 years were studied by means of the Tooth Wear Index of Knight and Smith. Five surfaces of each tooth were examined in the maxillary and mandibular arches: buccal (B), cervical (C), lingual (L) and occlusal /incisal (O and I). Results: It was instituted that non-carious tooth wear prevalence was probable in premolars trailed by molars and less pronounced in incisors. The surfaces of O&I were most susceptible to injury, trailed by the surfaces of cervical. The carious tooth wear was less likely in lingual surfaces. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to obtain results on the incidence of non-carious tooth wear by giving the median, standard deviation and mean. Conclusions: Premolars and molars are the teeth mostly affected by non-carious tooth wear, and the incisors are the minimum teeth which are affected. The surfaces most affected were O&I, trailed by the cervical surface with a lower incidence of lingual surface lesions.

Research on Rhetorical Devices in German: The Use of Rhetorical Questions in Sales Presentations

Previous literature recommends using stylistic (or rhetorical) devices in presentations such as rhetorical questions (RQs: Does anyone want bad teeth?) to make them more professional, to appear more charismatic, and to convince an audience. However, in oral presentations, it is not only the what that matters in using stylistic devices like RQs, but also the how, i.e., the RQs’ prosodic realization. To date, however, virtually no handbook on the way of giving a good presentation scrutinizes this prosodic how. Therefore, our investigation focuses on the prosodic realization of German RQs in sales pitches. Specifically, we carry out a perception experiment in which 72 listeners rated both the sales pitch and its speaker based on presentations that contained questions that were lexically biased towards a rhetorical interpretation. They were realized with either the prosody of RQs or information-seeking questions (ISQs: What time is it?). An additional baseline condition was constituted by regular declarative statements with the corresponding prosody. More precisely, we investigate whether particular identified prosodic realizations—previously found for German RQs and ISQs—meet the listeners’ expectation in the context of a presentation situation. We found that listeners prefer lexically marked RQs that are produced with a prosody that is characteristic of German ISQs. We therefore suggest that handbooks should provide their readers not only with clear definitions of RQs as a stylistic device in presentations (i.e., the what), but also with the respective prosodic realization (i.e., the how) to make them a properly implemented stylistic device.

A survey of patients' concerns about visiting the dentist and how dentists can help.

BackgroundRegular dental attendance is important in order to receive preventive care, maintain good oral health and identify oral and dental disease at an early stage; however, many people do not visit their dentist regularly. Barriers to regular attendance have been studied in small patient groups but not in the wider general population.ObjectiveTo outline concerns about visiting the dentist and suggestions about how dentists could help using a general population sample.MethodA survey was constructed using Qualtrics XM software and circulated. Respondents completed questionnaires about dental anxiety and about their concerns and suggestions around dental appointments including the option for free‐text answers.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐four people completed the survey. Common concerns were the unknown element (62.58%) and worries about ‘bad teeth’ (60.54%). The most popular request for change was for dentists to inform patients of the condition of all their teeth including those in good health (86.30%). A thematic analysis of qualitative responses identified themes of control, shame, discomfort, long‐term impact and cost. Several concerns and suggestions for improvement were expressed.ConclusionAlthough the pain associated with dental treatment was identified as important, concerns about the unknown and feeling vulnerable were seen as a higher priority. People in the general population want dentists to help them to feel informed and in control at dental appointments and to be involved in discussions about how they are feeling and what is important to them.

Самооценка состояния зубов у 15-летних подростков Архангельской области и ее связь с социально-демографическими факторами и интенсивностью кариеса

The aim of the research. To study self-perceived dental health of adolescents and to determine its association with socio-demographic factors and objective data on the condition of teeth. Moreover, we assessed the prognostic value of models based on the studied indicators as tools for caries prognosis in 15-years old teenagers. Material and methods. A total of 1143 15-years old adolescents from 7 urban and 5 rural settings took part in a cross-sectional study. Questionnaire surveying and objective assessment of dental health was performed using the standardised and validated WHO methodology. The decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth (T) counts were combined in the DMFT index and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Bivariate analysis of categorical variables was performed using the chi-squared test. Numeric variables were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The association between socio demographic factors and self-perceived dental health independently from caries experience was evaluated using multivariate ordinal regression. The prediction of caries based on the studied factors was performed using logistic regression models. Results. Only 14.4% of the adolescents characterised their dental health as excellent or very good while 10.7% reported having bad or very bad teeth. The mean DMFT index in the abovementioned groups varied between 2.9 (95% CI: 2.5-3.3) and 6.5 (95% CI: 5.8-7.3). Significant linear trends between selfperceived health and objectively measured caries experience was observed (p < 0.001) and explained by the difference in the number of decayed teeth (p < 0.001). The place of residence and parents’ education were significantly associated with self-perceived health both in bivariate analysis and after adjustment for caries experience. In the multivariate logistic model, self-perceived dental health was the most significant factor in prognostic models contributing with 7.8% out of 8.5% of the total variance. Conclusion. Self-perceived dental health in adolescents is significantly associated with objectively assessed caries experience. Social factors are significantly associated with self-perception of dental health even after adjustment for objective data. However, the coefficients of determination of the prognostic models are too small, which precludes their application for prognosis of caries development based on self-reported data in the studied population.

Is a Tooth Extraction Required If Dentition Lies Within a Mandible Fracture?

Is a Tooth Extraction Required If Dentition Lies Within a Mandible Fracture?

Early signaling and prevention of malnutrition through care integration for elderly people living at home: An Integrated Personalised Care Approach

IntroductionThis project aims at prevention of undernourishment of the elderly at home through a sustainable and cost-effective design of personalized preventive care with use of blockchain technology. Here through, the number of high-quality and meaningful life years for elderly people will be increased and thereby limiting the demand for care.Background In the Netherlands, elderly people live longer and longer at home. From 1 million (6% of the Dutch population) in 2000, the number of elderly people living at home increased to more than 3 million (17%) in 2017. This number will further increase to 4,5 million (25%) in 2040. Estimates show that 15 to 25% of the elderly that receive care at home is malnourished. Causes are a reduced thirst-tingling and appetite, loneliness, disease and bad teeth. In most cases, elderly people are not aware of becoming undernourished and the risk of corresponding infirmities. Consequently physical resistance drops, resulting in an increased risk of diseases and complications. Moreover, both social participation and experienced quality of life drop whereas the demand for care and ditto health care costs increase sharply. Elderly people living at home alone are the largest group at risk. Preventing undernourishment among this population is crucial. Aims and objectivesThe aim of this workshop is to get familiar with using information technology combined with financing methods for integrating health care services.Target audienceHealth care professionals specialized in preventive care and/or e-health technology and/or finance of (integrated) care.LearningsAfter this session, the participants have knowledge of the disruptive potential of blockchain technology in the integration of care. Moreover, the participants gain new insights on how to finance innovative integration of care.FormatThe format of this workshop is as follows:a) Introduction of the research project – 15 minutes – Roelof Ettema.b) Discussion of possibilities and constraints of blockchain technology based care substituting care delivered by care professional in different care contexts – 30 minutes discussion in small groups, followed by 10 minutes plenary wrap up – Wil van Erp, Roelof Ettema and Dennis van Kerkvoorden.c) Brainstorm on how to finance the proposed preventive care integration – 20 minutes plenary brainstorm – Wil van Erp.d) Conclusion and closing words – 15 minutes – Roelof Ettema.Preferred length 90 minutes

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Nursing and Technical Students in Croatia.

Objective The aim of this study was to test knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the students from the Bjelovar University of Applied Sciences in relation to oral health, and to determine the respectable differences between students of nursing and technical study programs. Materials and Methods Students were randomly selected to represent a convenient sample. A total of 140 students from nursing and technical studies were interviewed by using the World health organization Oral Health Questionnaire, adapted to fit the study purposes. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to determine frequency distribution and percentages for all variables. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to compare the proportions. A p -value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The distribution of participants regarding gender was significantly different between the study programs ( p = 0.000). Significant difference was also observed in their perceived socioeconomic status ( p = 0.001). A significant difference was found between the study programs regarding the knowledge whether bad teeth could impair general health ( p = 0.001), could tooth decay and periodontal disease may be prevented ( p = 0.002), as well as the importance of regular dental check-ups for prevention of tooth decay ( p = 0.028). There were significant differences regarding dietary habits and alcohol consumption in the past 30 days between the observed study programs ( p = 0.000) while no significant differences were found regarding tobacco and tobacco product use ( p = 0.170). Conclusion Results obtained and presented in this paper show better knowledge and more favorable habits and behaviors among the students from nursing study program compared with the technical ones. Still all students’ habits should be changed to improve oral health. To change attitudes and influence habits, effective oral health promotion programs are needed; not only in colleges, but also in primary and secondary schools.

"Dying is Not a Fear": Teen and Parent Perspectives on Messaging to Prevent Crystal Meth Use Among Teens in Rural North Idaho.

Crystal methamphetamine ("meth") use is on the rise in the USA, having devastating effects on individuals and communities. Innovative prevention strategies are therefore critical. Through an exploratory qualitative study, we examined the perspectives and experiences of teenagers and parents around meth prevention messaging formats and strategies.Teens and adults were recruited through middle and high schools, libraries, local sporting events, and word of mouth in three communities in North Idaho, May-September 2016. Guided by the theoretical framework of the Extended Parallel Process Model, we conducted focus groups and small group interviews (three teen; two adults). Using a deductive content analytic approach, we developed teen- and adult-specific codebooks, analyzed the transcripts with NVivo 12-Plus, and identified themes.Teens and adults were all acutely aware of meth use in their communities, personally knowing people who were addicted to meth, and all understood the oral ("meth mouth") and physical ("crank bugs") consequences of meth use. Three primary themes were identified, which focused on the effects of, addiction to, and messaging around crystal meth use. For teens and adults, images illustrating the effects of meth were least effective if they appeared unrealistic or comical. Teens resonated most with messages focusing on pain and vanity (bad teeth and breath), and there was consensus that showing teens images simulating changes in their appearance over time as a result of meth use in a clinical setting would be an effective prevention strategy.Teens and adults who had exposure to meth addiction in North Idaho felt that prevention messages focused on meth are imperative, given its high prevalence and deleterious effects. Future work will entail developing and testing a communication-based meth prevention strategy along with tailored messaging that can be used with teens in dental settings.

Assess the Practices of Nurses Regarding Oral Care of Intubated Patients in ICU

Mouth care is very important for everyone. Good mouth care is preventing from bad breath, oral infection, teeth infection and oral mucositis. Good oral care is maintaining the good overall health. Nurses will not give mouth care to intubated clients than clients will get many other oral infections due to poor oral care.Aim of the current study is to assess critical care nurses’ practices related to mouth care of mechanically ventilated with the equivalent factors. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in 15Feraury to 15March 2020 in Government hospital. A total of 152 critical care nurses were included in the study through convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through checklist by researcher.Result of the study revealed that out of 152 participants, 60.5% (n=92) participants washed their hand prior to given oral care to the patient and 39.5 % (n= 60) do not washed their hand prior to given oral care to the patient which show poor practice. Finding of the study also show that out of 152 participants, 47.37% (n=72) participants elevated head of the bed to at least 30 degree unless contraindicated and 52.63% (80) respondent not do such practices.Mouth care is a standard procedure.The presence of different mouth care practices demonstrates that there is a need of a standardized mouth care protocol.This study has offered significant understanding of nurse’s practice regarding oral care of intubated patients in ICU and has identified regions for future improvement in our government hospital. Keywords: Nurses, ICU, Practice, Oral, Care, Intubated, Patients,Participants DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/77-06 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

Digitalization in Dental problem diagnosis, Prediction and Analysis: A Machine Learning Perspective of Periodontitis

Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning, deep learning and image processing is becoming popular in medical sciences. The present digitalized world is remodelling each facetadditionally impacting dentistry and medical field from patient record maintenance, data analysisto new diagnostic methods, novel interference waysand totally different treatment choices. Oral health contributes to various diseases and conditions like Endocarditis, Cardio vascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis, pregnancy and birth and many more. Bad breathe, tooth decay, periodontitis, oral abscess, tooth erosion, dentinal sensitivity and many more can be even trickier to detect in plain dental radiography. The most prevalent disease periodontitis is a gum disease when left untreated, leads to tooth loss and more hazardous complications. Early Prediction and Proper diagnosis in time will protect our health from the mentioned diseases which can be implemented by making use of emerging technologies to assist and support dentists in predictions and decision making. Hence focusing more on oral health, In the current paper, the most contributing risk factors and parameters like Pocket Depth, Black Triangles, Alveolar Bone Loss, Furcation, Periodontal Abscess, Smoking, Gingivitis, Clinical Attachment Loss, Mobility Etc. that progresses the disease were taken in to consideration and a Python code was implemented which can be used as a Decision making aid to check whether person suffers or likely to suffer in future or not suffering from the disease.In this paper, literature reviews on the various automated computerized methods used to detect and diagnose the disease were discussed and an attempt was made to clearly identify and describe both the clinical and radiological parameters that a dentist/Periodontist use as a metric to grade/assess the periodontitis. The present strategy can be enhanced as a tool and can be used as a decision making aid by dentists’ in the prediction of periodontitis and can also be used for demonstrating fresher’s or upcoming dentists the progress of gum disease, grading the severity of the disease and the associated risk factors considering clinical, radiological findings and adverse habits thereby improving overall time period taken for manual predictions.