Bad Financial Condition Research Articles

ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK UMUM KONVENSIONAL KBMI 3 TAHUN 2017-2022

In general, the purpose of an established company is to make a profit for its owners. A company that performs well can generate high profits with a long period of time and is able to attract investors to invest its funds. One form of information that can be used to determine the condition and development of a company is the financial statements reported at the end of each period as a report on management accountability for the management of a company. Company performance is a description of the financial condition of a company that is analyzed with various financial analysis tools, so that it can be known about the good and bad financial condition of a company that reflects performance achievements in a certain period. This study aims to analyse the financial performance of core capital group (KMBI) 3 banks using Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) report data for the period 2017 - 2022 which is processed using the Eviews application. The results of the study found that Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has a significant positive influence on company performance in this case Return On Asset, Non Performing Loan (NPL) does not have a significant effect on Return On Asset, Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR) has a significant positive influence on Return On Asset and Operating Expense to Opeating Income (BOPO) has a significant negative influence on Return On Asset. Key words: Financial Performance, Commercial Banks, Core Capital Bank Group 3

Analisis Kinerja Keuangan BMT Al-Ittihat Pekanbaru

BMT financial performance is a description of the financial condition of a BMT which is analyzed using financial analysis tools, so that it can be known about the good and bad financial condition of a company which reflects work performance in a certain period. Good financial performance can be assessed from the results of analysis that obtain performance in accordance with established standards. The resulting problem formulation is how the financial performance of BMT AL-Ittihad Pekanbaru increases its revenue. The analytical method used is a quantitative descriptive method, percentage, namely by explaining existing data which is then processed and produces results in the form of a presentation. The ratio analysis used in measuring finances is the carren ratio, asset turnover, net profit margin and rate of return, investment (ROI). The overall analysis carried out produces stable ratio figures. Financial performance that occurs in BMT Al-Ittihad Pekanbaru's income quite stable in terms of cost efficiency because if operational expenditure (costs) increase then income increases and conversely if operational expenditure (costs) decrease then income decreases. The research results show that the remaining business results are obtained from income minus operational expenses (costs). The stability of the remaining business results of BMT Al-Ittihad Pekanbaru is proven to increase every year, meaning that BMT Al-Ittihad Pekanbaru's income every year is always greater than expenses.The remaining business results for the last five years can also be maintained in stability, such as in 2018 the net profit obtained was relatively large compared to 2019 but accompanied by small costs so that the profit generated was also relatively stable In 2019, the remaining operating results decreased from 2018 by 0.44%, but coupled with an increase in costs, the profits generated were also relatively stable. In 2020, the remaining operating results increased by 0.43%, but coupled with the increase in costs, the profits generated were also relatively stable. In 2021, net profit decreased by 0.23%, coupled with an increase in costs, the resulting profit was also relatively stable. In 2021 it will decrease again and increase to 0.42% Keywords: Carren Ratio, Asset Turn Over, Net Profir Margin dan Rate of Return Invesment (ROI).

Financial Performance Analysis of PT A Based on Liquidity Ratio

The research objective is to determine the financial performance of PT A from 2018 to 2022 in terms of the liquidity ratio. The type of data used in writing this final project report is quantitative data using secondary data, namely the financial position report from 2018 to 2022. The results of this study indicate that the financial performance of PT A is said to be in bad financial condition because the average liquidity ratio results are below industry standards. It can be concluded that PT A is an illiquid company and has an unfavorable financial condition.

Corporate non‐financial misconduct and accounting conservatism

AbstractThis study shows that shareholders demand a higher level of conservatism when the firm commits non‐financial misconduct. This positive relationship between corporate non‐financial misconduct and accounting conservatism is more pronounced for firms with higher information asymmetry, worse financial conditions and greater monitoring by shareholders. Further analyses reveal that corporate non‐financial misconduct is associated with less efficient managerial control over operations, lower employee satisfaction, worse performance and higher information uncertainties in the future. These results are robust to alternative measures, endogeneity concerns and controls for the potential influence arising from financial misconduct and internal control weakness.

Is corporate social responsibility engagement influenced by nearby firms? Evidence from China

This paper explores whether the CSR engagement of a focal firm is influenced by the CSR density formed by nearby firms. Using a sample of listed firms from 2010 to 2019 in China, we find a positive relationship between the local CSR density and the CSR engagement of a focal firm. Based on the heterogeneous analysis, we find that the impact of local CSR density is more pronounced for firms with worse financial conditions (i.e., lower profits, cash to debt, sales to inventory, and higher leverage), less corporate investment (i.e., lower capital expenditure growth, organization capital investment, employee growth) and fewer market shares. The primary findings are robust after addressing potential concerns. Overall, our findings provide evidence of the effect of firms' locations in the context of CSR engagement and have insightful implications for managers and governments seeking CSR improvement in emerging markets.

«BROT/ՀԱՑ» ՍՆՆԴԱՆՈՒՆՈՎ ԴԱՐՁՎԱԾՔՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՄԵՄԱՏՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԳԵՐՄԱՆԵՐԵՆՈՒՄ ԵՎ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆՈՒՄ / CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE COMPONENT "BREAD" IN GERMAN AND IN ARMENIAN

The article is devoted to the study of phraseological units with the component "bread" in German and Armenian. The comparison shows that the component "bread" in the phraseological units of both languages displays many connotative meanings, both implicitly and explicitly. In both languages, "bread" is considered primarily a means of subsistence and is associated with a good or a bad financial condition or status a person. But in both languages, the meanings of phraseological units basically do not coincide, and this is due to geographical distance, different mentality, including linguistic mentality and different world perceptions of these peoples.

Financial and non–financial factors in companies’ adaptation process towards sustainability and sustainable business models

PURPOSE: The influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on financial performance has been confirmed in the literature. The article aims to examine the relationship between financial and non-financial factors in enterprises and to indicate for which groups of enterprises the relationship of ESG and financial performance is most visible in the context of building sustainable business models and the ability to adapt to sustainability. The article assumes that enterprises’ financial and non-financial results determine their adaptability to sustainability, and there is a relationship between financial results, non-financial performance, and companies’ sustainable business models. METHODOLOGY: The analysis encompasses 11 EU countries in the period 2008–2020. The study analyzed 6,864 observations, that is, 96,096 data cells. The data are divided into two groups of variables: financial and non-financial. The research is based on clusters analysis and ANOVA. It was carried out in two stages. In the first step, enterprises were grouped into clusters according to the financial condition criterion, considering the enterprise’s size and sector and country in which it operates. In the next step, it was checked whether enterprises with good financial standing also achieve better non-financial results. FINDINGS: It was found that large enterprises achieve better financial results than small and medium-sized enterprises, even though they operate in the same location and sectors. It can be emphasized there are statistical differences between entities with relatively good financial conditions and those with relatively weaker financial conditions in the context of such values as gender employment gap, total population living in households considering that they suffer from noise, greenhouse gas emission, Corruption Perceptions Index. The companies with relatively better financial standing achieve a smaller gender employment gap (at the national level) than entities with relatively worse financial conditions. It is similar to referring to the greenhouse gas (GHG) level. IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study may be useful for managements of companies in developing strategies of transformation towards sustainability, thanks to the fact that they provide information on what factors should be taken into account in the transformation process. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The originality of this study lies in the fact that it takes into account both financial and non-financial factors and examines the relationships between these factors in the process of companies’ adaptation towards sustainability and sustainable business model.

Analisis Laporan Keuangan dalam Menilai Kinerja Keuangan PT. Mandom Indonesia Tbk Tahun 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to determine the profitability ratios, liquidity ratios, activity ratios, cash flow ratios, solvency ratios and market ratios for the 2019 period. Financial ratio analysis is very important because it can provide an overview for internal and external parties about the good and bad financial condition of a company and the management will obtain information about the company’s strength and weakness.
 Research Method – This research method is quantitative, namely secondary data in the form of annual report of PT. Mandom Indonesia Tbk from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website. Liquidity ratio analysis uses current ratios, solvency ratios use debt-to-asset ratios and ratios to equity ratios. profitability, activity ratio using return on assets and return on investment, using cash flow ratio and market ratio.
 Findings - The findings of the analysis of the financial performance of PT. Mandom Indonesia Tbk: 1) Profitability ratios using profit margin in the criteria are moderate, return on assets (ROA) in the criteria are moderator and return on equity (ROE) in the criteria are not good. 2) The liquidity ratio in the criteria is very good. 3) The activity ratio in the criteria is not good. 4) The cash flow ratio in the criteria is not good. 5) Solvency ratio using debt to assets is very good criteria and debt to equity ratio is very good criteria. 6) Market ratio in good criteria.
 Implication – This study presents a more complete analysis of financial ratios than previous studies.

Disparities in co-payments for influenza vaccine among the elderly, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

IntroductionSeasonal influenza vaccination for the elderly is highly recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Japan, the amount of subsidy for influenza differs among municipalities. Thus, we investigated the amount of and variation in subsidy for influenza vaccination for the elderly in 2020. MethodsThis was an ecological study of 1,922 municipalities in Japan. The amount of subsidy for influenza vaccines for the elderly in each municipality was surveyed through websites or via telephone. Geographic and financial data for municipalities and prefectures were obtained from the open data. The amount of co-payment for the influenza vaccine and the geographical and financial status of each municipality were compared, according to the aging rate. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore factors related to the free influenza vaccine. ResultsMunicipalities with higher aging rates tended to have higher median co-payments for vaccines in 2020. (0 yen vs 1000 yen, p < 0.001) In addition, they tended to have worse financial conditions and lower per capita incomes. A similar trend was observed in the analysis by prefecture, i.e., a higher influenza mortality rate in prefectures with a higher aging rate. Despite having lower incomes, municipalities and prefectures with higher aging populations had higher mortality rates from influenza and higher co-payments for influenza vaccination. ConclusionsIn Japan, there is a disparity among elderly people; areas with an aging population have higher co-payments for influenza vaccines despite lower incomes, suggesting that the government needs to implement corrective measures to reduce this disparity.

The Effect of Credit Risk, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Liquidity, Operational Efficiency, and Solvency on The Financial Performance of BPR In The City of Denpasar

This study aims to examine the effect of the variables of Credit Risk, Capital Adequacy,Liquidity, Operational Efficiency, and Solvency on Financial Performance. Financial performance is a description of the financial condition of a company so that it can be known the good and bad financial condition of a company that reflects work performance in a certain period. This research is based on the phenomenon of increasing and decreasing profits of Bank Perkreditan Rakyat on Denpasar city in 2018-2020. The study was conducted on Bank Perkreditan Rakyat on Denpasar city conducted in 2018-2020 with a total sample of 23 and observation of 69. The method of determining the sample used was purposive sampling, namely the technique of sampling data sources with certain considerations. Data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study found that Operational Efficiency have a negative effect Financial Performance of Bank Perkreditan Rakyat on Denpasar city in 2018-2020. While Credit Risk, Capital Adequacy, Liquidity, and Solvency do not affect Financial Performance of Bank Perkreditan Rakyat on Denpasar city in 2018-2020.

Вплив якості аудиту, фінансового стану та управління доходами на аудиторську думку про безперервність діяльності з корпоративним механізмом як модеруючою змінною

Going concern is an accounting term used to describe a business that is expected to operate for the foreseeable future or at least the next 12 months. The concept of going concern is particularly relevant in times of economic difficulties and in some situations auditor may determine that a profitable company may not be a going concern, for example because of significant cash flow difficulties. This research aims to study the influence of audit quality, financial condition and earnings management on the auditor's opinion on going concern with corporate mechanism as a moderating variable. This study analyzes data from the financial statements of 49 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2018-2020. The results of this study provide empirical evidence that giving a going concern audit opinion by the auditor is not based on the quality of the auditor because he acts in accordance with auditing standards. Financial condition and earnings management have a significant effect on the going concern audit opinion. When a company experiences a bad financial condition, it is very likely that it will receive a going concern audit opinion because there are signs of difficulties in maintaining the viability of its business. The corporate mechanism is able to moderate only the influence of financial condition on the going concern audit opinion. Thus, the auditor's opinion on going concern based on analysis of financial reporting data is important for investors and other interested parties who want to be sure of their decisions.

Pengaruh Keragaman Dewan terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Capital)

Financial performance is an analysis conducted to see the extent to which a company has implemented by using financial implementation rules properly and correctly. Company performance is a description of the financial condition of a company which is analyzed with financial analysis tools, so that it can be known about the good and bad financial condition of a company that reflects work performance in a certain period. This study aims to determine the effect of board diversity on company performance, especially Bank Capital for the period December 2012-December 2019. The results of the analysis show that there is no effect of board diversity on ROA and ROE at Bank Capital for the period December 2012-December 2019. There is no effect of board diversity on ROA and ROE. Bank Capital's performance is due to the percentage of female directors not reaching 50% in the board of directors so that their contribution does not have much influence on the company's strategic decisions.Keywords: Board Diversity, ROA, ROE

BİST te İşlem Gören Tekstil, Giyim Eşyası ve Deri Sektörü İşletmelerinin Altman-Z Skor Yöntemi İle Finansal Başarısızlık Tahmini(Financial Failure Estimation of Textile, Clothing and Leather Industry Businesses Traded on BİST With Altman-Z Score Method)

Purpose –This study aims to determine whether businesses traded in textile, clothing and leather sectors on BIST have a risk of financial failure via Altman Z-Score model and key audit matters specified in independent audit reports Design/methodology/approach –. Key audit matters started to be included in independent audit reports beginning from 2017 financial reporting period. The study, therefore, covers the evaluations of financial reports of 22 businesses in textile, clothing and leather sectors on BIST for the years 2017-2019. Financial ratios were calculated with the Altman Z Score model in order to determine the financial failure risks of companies in textile, clothing and leather industries between 2017-2019 and the financial failure risk levels and key audit matters were compared. Findings – It was concluded that the businesses in the study -apart from two of them- in textile, clothing and leather sectors in Turkey are not in a very good financial state and they are at high financial risk. Discussion – Companies may go through financially troubled times now and then. Not every company with financial failure is bound to go bankrupt in a short time, however many companies in bad financial condition have such a possibility. That is why focusing on studies based on predictive financial failures of businesses has become necessary. Z-Score model developed by Altman (1968) is a widely used model to measure the financial failure of businesses.

WOMAC score and arthritis diagnosis predict decreased agricultural productivity

BackgroundArthritis and joint pain are highly prevalent in agricultural (ag) workers. Many ag operations are sustained by a small number of workers, and the disability of even one worker thus contributes to economic hardship. This study investigated associations between joint health in Montana ag workers and economic well-being and work capacity.MethodsThis observational mixed-methods study utilized quantitative survey data and qualitative focus group data. 299 ranchers and farmers in 9 Montana counties completed either an online or paper survey that included participant demographics, joint symptoms, history of arthritis and arthritis type, financial status, work capacity, and the need to rely on others to complete one’s work. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities arthritis index (WOMAC) survey was completed by those with hip or knee pain. Data were entered into REDCap v8.9.2 for analysis with SAS 9.4, using logistic and linear regression models to detect associations between covariables and to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals. Focus groups were held with ranchers in two Montana counties, discussing similar topics, and the themes expressed were identified.Results87.6% of survey respondents reported joint pain, 47.8% a diagnosis of arthritis, and 22.4% osteoarthritis (OA). A 10-point increase in WOMAC was significantly associated with lower work capacity (OR 2.00; 95% CI [1.58, 2.55], p < 0.01), worse financial condition (OR 1.23; 95% CI [1.01,1.48], p = 0.04), and increased reliance on others (OR 1.82; 95% CI [1.32, 2.55], p < 0.01). An arthritis diagnosis was associated with worsening work capacity (OR 4.66; 95% CI [2.71, 8.01], p < 0.01) and increased odds of relying on others (OR 3.23; 95% CI [1.56, 6.66], p < 0.01). A diagnosis of OA was significantly associated with decreased work capacity (OR 3.47; 95% CI [1.97, 6.11], p < 0.01). Unadjusted for age and BMI, we found a significant association between years spent working in agriculture and joint health, which became non-significant after adjusting for age and BMI. Focus group themes included decreased productivity with increased joint symptoms and a tendency for ranchers to avoid interaction with the health care system.ConclusionPoor joint health is associated with economic risk on Montana ranches and farms.

Dampak Faktor-faktor Kinerja (Leverage, Pertumbuhan, Pajak, Aset Berwujud) terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada CV. Tumarima Indonesia Tahun 2018

Company performance is a description of the financial condition of a company which is analyzed by means of financial analysis, so that it can be seen about the good and bad financial condition of a company that reflects the work performance in a certain period. This study aims to analyze the effect of performance factors (leverage, growth, taxes, tangible assets) simultaneously and partially on financial performance at CV. Tumarima Indonesia in 2018. This type of research is an associative descriptive study with primary and secondary supporting data with a quantitative approach. Researchers use this design to analyze performance factors (leverage, growth, taxes, tangible assets) on financial performance at CV. Tumarima Indonesia. Sources of data are taken from respondents and from company documentation. The types of data in this study are primary and secondary, primary data is taken by questionnaire while secondary is taken from documentation. The variables studied were Leverage (X1), Growth (X2), Tax (X3), Tangible Assets (X4) and the dependent variable (Y), namely financial performance. To determine the simultaneous effect using the F test, to determine the partial effect using the t test and to determine the dominant effect using the beta coefficient. The results showed that there was a simultaneous effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. There is a partially significant influence variable Leverage (X1), Growth (X2), Tangible Assets (X4) on financial performance at CV. Tumarima Indonesia in 2018 while the Tax variable (X3) has no effect. Leverage variable is the independent variable which dominantly affects the dependent variable, namely financial performance at CV. Tumarima Indonesia in 2018.

The Independence and the Quality of Life of Workers with Disabilities Caused by an Occupational Accident in Gresik and Sidoarjo, Indonesia

Introduction: An occupational accident causes a disability in workers. The disability condition will make the workers experience substantial limitations from every side of their life both in a social context and economic context 1, the dependence to their family 2, inability to live independently 3. The disability can also cause the workers to lose their job 4. The bad financial condition and the dependence give a negative impact on the quality of life of the workers with disabilities. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of independence toward the quality of life.Method: This research used a cross-sectional method. The population of this research was the workers with disabilities caused by an occupational accident in Sidoarjo Regency and Gresik Regency. The number of samples in this research was 182 participants. The sampling technique was done by using simple random sampling technique. The variables that were analyzed were the characteristic of the individual, the independence, and the quality of life. The measurement instrument for independence was done using Lawton-Browdy instrumental activities of daily living scale; the measuring instrument for the quality of life was done using WHOQol100 questionnaire (a standardized questionnaire). The data analysis was done using linear regression test with a significance level (α) of 0.05.Results: Nearly 78% of participants had independence in the ‘moderate’ category with an average score of 81.51. The 78% of participants also had the quality of life in the ‘moderate’ category. Based on the regression test, it was obtained a result that the independence had a significant impact on the quality of life of workers with disabilities caused by occupational accident (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The independence has a significant impact on the quality of life of workers with disabilities caused by an occupational accident. The better the worker’s independence is, the better the quality of life of the worker with a disability caused by an occupational accident is.

ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT BAYAN RESOURCE Tbk Per 2015-2017

Company performance is an illustration of the financial condition of a company by conducting a financial analysis, so that it can be known about the good and bad financial condition of a company that reflects work performance in a certain period. To find out how good a company's financial performance is, it is necessary to conduct an assessment and performance measurement. One assessment and measurement of performance can be reflected through an analysis of financial ratios.This research was conducted to find out how well the financial performance performed by PT Bayan resources a coal mining company in the 2015-2017 period by analyzing the ratio of: (1) profitability ratios (2) solvency ratios, (3) liquidity ratios , (4) activity ratio. The hypothesis of this research is based on the phenomenon, which is based on the market value of coal which has decreased over the period of 2015-2017.Based on the results of the study, the hypothesis for calculating profitability ratios, activity ratios and solvency ratios is proven to be acceptable, while the hypothesis for liquidity ratios is not proven, namely rejected, meaning that fluctuations in coal price increases can result in the use of corporate liquidity to pay company bills so that the level of liquidity of the company can be reduced

Predictive Ability of Chosen Bankruptcy Models: A Case Study of Slovak Republic

Abstract Bankruptcy models are used to assess credit risk and predict financial situation to indicate the probable bankruptcy of the company. Contribution deals with the application of chosen bankruptcy models in analysing and predicting the financial health of selected companies. Most of the models have been developed abroad. In case of Slovak Republic, its application and correctness of the results can be problematic; therefore, we have focused primarily on those that have emerged in countries with a similar economy. We have calculated the selected prediction models in a sample of 500 Slovak enterprises. Predictive ability lower than 64% is considered as unfavourable. As part of the contribution, based on expert literature and relevant legislation, we have defined the criteria that allow to divide businesses into two groups: prosperous and non-prosperous. In the end, we compared the results of the selected models with the inclusion of enterprises in a prosperous and non- prosperous group based on the criteria set by us. We also dealt with examining of error types I (when an enterprise in bad financial condition is included in a non-bankruptcy group) and II (when an enterprise in good financial condition is included in a bankruptcy group). The aim is to analyse the predictive ability of the selected bankruptcy models.

Administrative System in Punjab during and after Ranjit Singh: A Case Study of Multan

An ideal and successful ruler is one who, to make his kingdom a peaceful State, established strong, organized and durable institutions. State institutions or pillars are considered the backbone in stability of the State. Three pillars or institutions, which are necessary for an organized as well as everlasting government and better economy, are legislature, executive and judiciary. Without empowering these institutions, governmental system cannot run for a long time. Though Ranjit Singh, due to his power, intelligence and great struggle, founded a glorious dynasty, yet he failed to form these basic institutions properly. It is a fact that only institutions run the government not men because personalities come and go whilst the institutions exist. It is also true that these institutions existed in any shape, but they were totally under the control of the Maharaja. Judicial courts were established, but they were not only under the direct control of the Maharaja but also too weak to work. Besides a central court, every province had a big legal court under the governor. Similarly, some other small courts were established in every Pargna where Kardars, Chaudharys and Punch settled the disputes of the native people. Sometimes, the governor could alter the decision of these authorities whilst the Maharaja had a right to modify governor’s decisions. Strict punishments were not exercised on dangerous crimes which created law and order situation. To ignore the bad financial condition of the subjects, he invented and introduced innovative procedures for collecting revenue and no proper arrangements were made for the betterment of the masses. The main purpose of collecting revenue was to pay the salary of the army and fulfil other requirements so that the aim of expansionism could be achieved. There was not any check and balance on Kardars and they were free to collect revenue in accordance with their desires. At a time, they were given the powers of a judge, a revenue collector as well as an administrator.

Did Bank Small-Business Lending in the U.S. Recover After the Financial Crisis?

Aggregate bank-loan data reported by the FDIC show that bank lending to small businesses plummeted during 2009-2011 following the collapse of Lehman Brothers in Sep. 2008 and the onset of the financial crisis, and continued to decline during the post-crisis years 2012-2015. However, the number of banks also declined during both periods, making it difficult to determine if banks have continued, or loosened, the tight-credit policies of 2009-2011. The current study analyzes bank-level data on both the stock and flow of small-business lending collected by U.S. banking regulators to provide new univariate and multivariate evidence on whether bank lending to businesses - small and large - recovered after the financial crisis. The analysis reveals that bank lending to small businesses remained at depressed levels throughout the post-crisis years, while total-business lending saw somewhat of a recovery. Finally, the analysis documents that the declines in small-business lending were significantly greater at large banks than at small banks, and at banks in worse financial condition than at banks in better financial condition.