Bad Digestion Research Articles

Microplastic Collection With Ultra-High Magnetic Field Magnet by Magnetic Separation

In recent years, the increase of microplastics (MPs) in ocean have been recognized as one of ocean pollution listed in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Since MPs absorb harmful chemicals while floating in ocean, small fish which eats the absorbed MPs may fall into bad digestion and poor health condition. To solve the ocean pollution problem, a good MP collection method must be proposed with a high processing speed and a high MP collection ability. While, recently, the performances of 2nd generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets which can generate a field higher than 15 T have been improved. It is expected that MP collection performances are enhanced with such high field superconducting magnets. In this paper, we propose a conceptual design for MP collector from seawater using superconducting magnets. To evaluate the performances of the device, we developed a fluid simulation coupled with magnetic field simulation. The simulation results indicate that MPs can effectively be collected with a high magnetic field with a high processing speed.

Efficacy of dietary exogenous enzyme supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant activity, and digestive enzymes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry.

Fishmeal (FM) is the main source of protein in fish diets, but its supply is stable. So, available plant protein sources could be used instead of FM in aquafeeds. These plants-source proteins may negatively affect feed intake and/or absorption of nutrients due to bad digestion. Therefore, the efficacy of a dietary exogenous enzymes mixture (Hostazyme X; HX) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and digestive enzymes in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, was assessed. Dietary HX was included in practical diets at levels of 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0g/kg diet. Fish (0.84 ± 0.003g) were fed on the tested diets up to apparent satiation twice daily in triplicate groups for 8weeks. The fish performance was significantly improved (P< 0.05) by increasing dietary HX up to 1.0g/kg diet after which fish growth and feed intake were almost the same. Also, intestinal amylase, lipase, and protease significantly increased (P< 0.05) due to HX supplementation leading to increased feed intake and overall growth performance. Likewise, the antioxidant activity of common carp was stimulated by HX supplementation in a dose-related manner, where the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher (P< 0.05), while malondialdehyde value was significantly lower (P< 0.05) in HX-fed fish groups than those fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary HX could be used as a feed supplement to confer better growth performance and health of common carp fry with an optimal level of 1.0g/kg diet.

Novel Thermal-Therapy Protocol (SINA1.2) from Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM): a Pilot on Diabetic Rats

One of guilty pathologies in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is ectopic fat accumulation in organs like pancreas, liver and skeletal muscles due to fatty acid’s bad digestion. This situation corresponds much with a spectrum of illnesses named the Soo ul Qinya &amp; Estesgha in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM). We renamed and redefined the concept as “The Bad-Anbaasht Syndrome” meaning bad-deposition. One of its basic treatments mentioned is thermal-therapy which interestingly also shown to benefit T2DM in recent studies. We designed a novel protocol named SINA therapy to treat T2DM including sauna’s benefits but reducing its side effects and then performed an animal pilot study. Five Wistar rats made diabetic by high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin, were treated daily by month long SINA 1.2 treatment protocol (1 cc Oxymel gavage and then 30 min thermal therapy in 37 ̊C dry sauna incubator). Weight and blood glucose were measured at beginning and at the end. Although Mean weights increased significantly from 296 to 321 (paired T test, p = 0.022) but surprisingly the mean blood glucose lowered significantly from 200mg/dl to 127mg/dl (p = 0.049). According to results of this pilot study, SINA therapy 1.2 is probable to have benefits in treatment of T2DM, but yet needs further experimental and clinical evidence.

Human microbiome as a source of folate modifiable by nutritional and non-nutritional factors

Abstract Hippocrates, in 400 years before our era, indicated that the intestines are central to human health and that “bad digestion is the root of all evil”. The microbiome influences immune status, protects against colonization by pathogenic microorganisms, performs metabolic and trophic functions, and participates in the synthesis of vitamin K, B1, B6, B12, and folic acid. Diet is a key factor in determining its composition. For many microbial strains, p-aminobenzoic acid is an indispensable substrate for the formation of folates. Bifidobacteria (HRB) strains in humans are mainly responsible for the synthesis of folates. Non-HRB strains that have the ability to synthesize folates include B. thermophilum and B. longum ssp. The only hitherto indicated factor that can affect the microbiota’s potential for folate synthesis is metformin, which improves glucose tolerance in people with type II diabetes. Metformin reduces the production of glucose in the liver by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, increases the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, and reduces the absorption of glucose. In order to thoroughly understand the ability of the microbiota to synthesize folic acid, it is necessary to conduct studies that include people with varying degrees of exposure to factors that may affect health, such as: poor dietary habits, smoking, low physical activity, diet-related diseases, or taking medications.

'Infantile convulsions' in the early nineteenth century. Abnormal brain blood flow and leeches, teething and gums' scarification and food and purgatives: the historical contribution of John Clarke (1760-1815).

In this article, we discuss on the role of the British physician and midwifery practitioner John Clarke (1760-1815) in the characterisation of the various types of seizures and epilepsy and related phenomena ('convulsions') occurring in children. In his unfinished work Commentaries on Some of the Most Important Diseases of Children (1815), Clarke discussed the pathophysiology of convulsions and was the first to describe, 12years before the French neurologist Louis Francois Bravais (1801-1843) and more than 30years before the Irish-born physician Robert Bentley Todd (1809-1860), the postictal paresis. He believed that convulsions originated from changes in pressure within the ventricles as a consequence of abnormal blood flow to the cerebral vessels. In keeping with the theories of his time (e.g. Baumes 1789, 1805; Brachet 1824), Clarke believed that teething was a major cause of 'infantile convulsions'. His proposed remedies ranged from scarification of the gums to ammonia, application of leeches, cold water, and purgatives. The use of antispasmodics, quite popular at the time, was instead questioned. In his Practical Observations on the Convulsions of Infants (1826), the London practitioner and midwifery John North (1790-1873) deeply criticised Clarke's view that convulsions arise inevitably as a consequence of organic brain lesions. North inferred that the results of autopsies of children who had died of convulsions revealed no brain damages, and claimed that cerebral irritation could also occur as the effect of distant lesions. Other Clarke's contemporaries (e.g. Jean Baptiste Timothée Baumes-1756-1828) inferred that all convulsions reflected a hereditary diathesis, which rendered children (especially those with softer and limper nervous and muscular tissues!) extremely sensitive to all sorts of provocation that could trigger convulsions, including bad digestion (more pronounced at the time of teething), loud noise, and bright light. Although almost every aspect of Clarke's view on convulsions was subsequently proved wrong, his (and his contemporaries') work provides fascinating insights into the theories and therapies of seizures, which were popular at the dawn of modern neurology.

Cold Hypersensitivity in the Hands and Feet May Be Associated with Functional Dyspepsia: Results of a Multicenter Survey Study.

Aim. To investigate whether dyspepsia symptoms differ depending on the presence or absence of cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet (CHHF). Methods. In all, 6044 patients were recruited and provided with a questionnaire about CHHF and dyspepsia. Based on their responses, subjects were divided into a CHHF group (persons who noted cold sensations; n = 1209) and a non-CHHF group (persons who noted warm or intermediate sensations; n = 1744). The groups were compared in terms of their usual digestion status, using chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses to calculate the propensity score and odds ratios (ORs). We analyzed the participants' responses to questions on dyspepsia symptoms. Results. After matching, chi-square tests indicated that the CHHF group had higher frequencies of the following symptoms: bad digestion, poor appetite, discomfort in the upper abdomen, motion sickness, epigastric burning, postprandial fullness, nausea, and bloating. Additionally, CHHF was associated with an increased OR for dyspepsia (bad digestion, vomiting, motion sickness, epigastric burning, postprandial fullness, nausea, epigastric pain, and bloating) compared with the non-CHHF group. Conclusion. This study confirmed that CHHF patients have elevated frequencies of most dyspepsia symptoms.

Starch wars: Rice, bread and South Asian difference in the French Enlightenment

This article investigates the imperial dimensions of the French Enlightenment’s science of diet, tracing their development in relation to perceptions of South Asian food. In the last years of the eighteenth century, political theorists, journalists, doctors and Orientalists became concerned with the effects of different staple grains, arguing over whether rice or wheat bread was most conducive to physical well-being and national power. Many of them invoked this dietary discourse on staples in order to scientifically justify European imperialism in South Asia. Journalist Simon-Henri-Nicolas Linguet, however, developed an alternative vision of the imagined connections between staple grains and politics. Linguet’s work was a landmark in the conceptualisation of European ‘gastro-politics’, and suggests a road not taken by other Enlightenment critics of empire: a vision of dietary science, the body and the state that imagined European ventures abroad as a symptom of bad digestion.

Speaking and Sighing: Bellini’s canto declamato and the Poetics of Restraint

The critics were confused. "We do not really know whether it should be called sung declamation or declamatory singing," one reviewer for L'eco, an Italian journal devoted to the arts, wrote in 1829. "The goal of this method seems to be to reunite the force of declamation with the gentleness of singing ..." (1) Vincenzo Bellini's two successes of the late 1820s--Il pirata in 1827 and La straniera in 1829--had attracted a great deal of attention in the Italian press, and what drew the most comment was his novel approach to melody. Stripping away ornament to tie melody closely to the rhythms of the spoken word seemed a radical move to audiences who had been taking pleasure in Rossini's florid and showy style for the last two decades. At its starkest, Bellini's canto declamato, as it came to be known, paired relentlessly syllabic text-setting with a preference for repeated notes. The new style appeared both in passages of free arioso and within the lyrical sections of numbers, as in these two excerpts from La straniera (examples 1a and 1b). (2) Despite the mixed response from Bellini's contemporaries, modern scholars have tended to understand these melodic reforms in wholly positive terms. Trimming down musical utterance into something lean and spare, they have argued, shows an admirable concern with the needs of drama over and above those of mere vocal athleticism. (3) Nineteenth-century critics also tended to understand Bellini's canto declamato as a renunciation of excess. Detractors and supporters alike labeled the new style "filosofico," linking it to the burgeoning Romantic movement in the literary arts. (4) Even hard-to-please German critics praised Bellini's reforms, and his Italian supporters lauded canto declamato as a kind of moral antidote to Rossini; music more closely allied to and grounded in the text, they maintained, stimulated thought and spoke to the heart rather than speaking only to the senses. (5) Not everyone, however, was convinced of the merit of the new method. L'eco's anonymous reviewer warned, in subtly gendered language, that declamatory "force" could overpower melodic "gentleness" and that "confusing declamation with singing" could result in "monotony, slowness, fragments ... and a lack of motives that attract or remain in the ear." (6) In the midst of this flurry of comment prompted by Bellini's experiments, however, opera critic Carlo Ritorni had a different axe to grind. One of Bellini's most vocal supporters, Ritorni was the author of a well-known manifesto on libretto construction and operatic dramaturgy; it was not unusual to read his signed opinion pieces on musical matters in the pages of this very same journal. (7) But this time, Ritorni's screed in L'eco had nothing to do with opera. He was upset about a new trend in women's fashion: the return of the tightly-laced corset. Why, he wondered, were women rushing to adopt a look that was in his words, "ugly," "unnatural and dangerous"? (8) Ritorni's lengthy complaint begins with a clinical-sounding list of symptoms that he argues are attributable to corsets: In the head: headaches, vertigo, tendency to faint, aching eyes, pain and tinnitus of the ears, nosebleeds. In the chest: ... dislocation of bones, ... painful breathing, spitting of blood, consumption, alterations in circulation, heart palpitations ... In the abdomen: loss of appetite, nausea, bleeding, bad digestion ... hardening of the liver ... Not to mention hypochondria, hysteria, and a quantity of maladies particular to women, which it would be superfluous to list here. (9) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] It seems odd that an advocate of Bellini's new "filosofico" style, and one whose publications focus on matters of versification, declamation, and the history of musical drama, should expend so many words on such minute and messy details of female physiology. From a distance of nearly two centuries, Ritorni's gruesome list may seem no more than evidence of a prurient interest in women's underwear and a strange appendix to his public persona of cultural critic and man of letters. …

English

Background: The term “dyspepsia” is derived from the Greek language and it literally means “bad digestion.”1 Dyspepsia is a common complaint among individuals seeking medical care as well as in general population. Rome III a recent consensus, has defined dyspepsia as the presence of symptoms considered by the physician to originate from the gastroduodenal region and only four symptoms (bothersome postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning) are now considered to be specific for a gastroduodenal origin, although many other symptoms are acknowledged to coexist with dyspepsia. Patients having chronic dyspeptic symptoms for the past 3 months with onset at least 6 months before diagnosis in absence of structural abnormality on upper GI endoscopy and metabolic or systemic causes explaining the symptoms are classified as Functional Dyspepsia (FD)2. Prevalence of dyspepsia is about 20-30% worldwide3. Functional dyspepsia (FD) or essential dyspepsia is characterized by upper abdominal pain without the presence of an ulcer4. People with functional dyspepsia have a significantly reduced quality of life when compared to the general population5.

The Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Human Health

The Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Human Health Human health by far depends on gut health. It is no wonder that many ancient traditional medicine practitioners and philosophers asked about bowel function when a patient presented with common ailments such as a headache and lack of energy. As far back as 400 B.C., Hippocrates was quoted as saying “…death sits in the bowels…” and “…bad digestion is the root of all evil…” in 400 B.C.

Initial management of dyspepsia in primary care: an evidence-based approach

The word dyspepsia derives its origin from the Greek work dyspeptos , which means ‘bad digestion’. The term is used to describe symptoms thought to be referable to the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Which symptoms to include in the definition of dyspepsia is controversial, but upper abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, fullness, early satiety, heartburn, and regurgitation may be considered part of the symptom complex. Potential aetiologies range from the benign (such as functional dyspepsia, where there is no structural cause found to explain the symptoms) to the life-threatening (gastro-oesophageal cancer). Other common underlying organic causes of dyspepsia include peptic ulcer disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Dyspepsia represents a considerable burden to the health service, and therefore optimal management of the condition in primary care is essential. This article aims to provide the reader with an update on evidence that supports current guidelines for the initial management of dyspepsia in primary care. Dyspepsia is extremely common in the community, with a prevalence in excess of 30%.1 Up to 40% of sufferers will consult a primary care physician as a result.2 The condition is often chronic, with a relapsing and remitting natural history. In a community-based longitudinal follow-up study almost 20% of people without dyspepsia at baseline had developed dyspepsia by 10 years, giving an incidence of dyspepsia of around 2% per year, while among those with symptoms at baseline, 40% had persistent symptoms at 10 years, meaning that dyspepsia resolved at a rate of approximately 6% per year.3 Reassuringly, and despite …

Insuficiencia pancreática exocrina (ipe) en canina

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a syndrome characterized by bad digestion and poor absorption result of the failure of the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and other substances that facilitate the absorption of dietary nutrients and certain vitamins and minerals necessary for normal digestion food. The goal of treatment is replacement of pancreatic enzymes by oral enzyme extracts when clinical signs appear, which consists of administer enzyme supplements with every meal. In dogs has achieved the highest enzyme activity in the duodenum without enteric coating supplements, including cut crude pancreatic or pulverized enzymes. This review aims to upgrade from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs, which addresses the etiology, pathophysiology, history, clinical signs, differential diagnosis, sequelae, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and treatment failures.

Speaking and Sighing: Bellini’s canto declamato and the Poetics of Restraint

critics were confused. We do not really know whether it should be called sung declamation or declamatory singing, one reviewer for L'eco, an Italian journal devoted to the arts, wrote in 1829. The goal of this method seems to be to reunite the of declamation with the of (1) Vincenzo Bellini's two successes of the late 1820s--Il pirata in 1827 and La straniera in 1829--had attracted a great deal of attention in the Italian press, and what drew the most comment was his novel approach to melody. Stripping away ornament to tie melody closely to the rhythms of the spoken word seemed a radical move to audiences who had been taking pleasure in Rossini's florid and showy style for the last two decades. At its starkest, Bellini's canto declamato, as it came to be known, paired relentlessly syllabic text-setting with a preference for repeated notes. new style appeared both in passages of free arioso and within the lyrical sections of numbers, as in these two excerpts from La straniera (examples 1a and 1b). (2) Despite the mixed response from Bellini's contemporaries, modern scholars have tended to understand these melodic reforms in wholly positive terms. Trimming down musical utterance into something lean and spare, they have argued, shows an admirable concern with the needs of drama over and above those of mere vocal athleticism. (3) Nineteenth-century critics also tended to understand Bellini's canto declamato as a renunciation of excess. Detractors and supporters alike labeled the new style filosofico, linking it to the burgeoning Romantic movement in the literary arts. (4) Even hard-to-please German critics praised Bellini's reforms, and his Italian supporters lauded canto declamato as a kind of moral antidote to Rossini; music more closely allied to and grounded in the text, they maintained, stimulated thought and spoke to the heart rather than speaking only to the senses. (5) Not everyone, however, was convinced of the merit of the new method. L'eco's anonymous reviewer warned, in subtly gendered language, that declamatory force could overpower melodic gentleness and that confusing declamation with singing could result in monotony, slowness, fragments ... and a lack of motives that attract or remain in the ear. (6) In the midst of this flurry of comment prompted by Bellini's experiments, however, opera critic Carlo Ritorni had a different axe to grind. One of Bellini's most vocal supporters, Ritorni was the author of a well-known manifesto on libretto construction and operatic dramaturgy; it was not unusual to read his signed opinion pieces on musical matters in the pages of this very same journal. (7) But this time, Ritorni's screed in L'eco had nothing to do with opera. He was upset about a new trend in women's fashion: the return of the tightly-laced corset. Why, he wondered, were women rushing to adopt a look that was in his words, ugly, unnatural and dangerous? (8) Ritorni's lengthy complaint begins with a clinical-sounding list of symptoms that he argues are attributable to corsets: In the head: headaches, vertigo, tendency to faint, aching eyes, pain and tinnitus of the ears, nosebleeds. In the chest: ... dislocation of bones, ... painful breathing, spitting of blood, consumption, alterations in circulation, heart palpitations ... In the abdomen: loss of appetite, nausea, bleeding, bad digestion ... hardening of the liver ... Not to mention hypochondria, hysteria, and a quantity of maladies particular to women, which it would be superfluous to list here. (9) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] It seems odd that an advocate of Bellini's new filosofico style, and one whose publications focus on matters of versification, declamation, and the history of musical drama, should expend so many words on such minute and messy details of female physiology. From a distance of nearly two centuries, Ritorni's gruesome list may seem no more than evidence of a prurient interest in women's underwear and a strange appendix to his public persona of cultural critic and man of letters. …

Subdividing functional dyspepsia: a paradigm shift?

An understanding of functional dyspepsia (FD) has remained elusive in part because defining the condition has been so difficult.1–3 The term dyspepsia (or “bad digestion”) was simply derived from the...

GC/FID-based authentication of Baccharis trimera: a quality control study of products commercialized in Curitiba and metropolitan region (Brazil)

Baccharis trimera (carqueja) is a medicinal plant used for stomach pain, bad digestion, heart bum, kidney problems and constipation. The objective of the present work was a quality study of carqueja commercialized in Curitiba and metropolitan region (Paraná-Brazil) using gas chromatography techniques (GC/FID) for analyses of the essential oil, which was extracted through hydrodistillation using a Clevenger system. Macro and microscopic analyses were also done. Some samples were contaminated by other species of plants, fungi and small insects, some of them could be identified. Among all samples, 21 showed similar chromatographic profile to the standard oil, and 7 had different profile in relation to the standard. The chromatogram analyses showed that most of the analyzed samples had the similar profile as the standard oil of Baccharis trimera. GC/FID-based authentication of Baccharis trimera may be useful as a rapid tool to ensure quality control and safety monitoring of this kind of herbal pharmaceuticals.

Biliousness

After holiday surfeit, biliousness. But that was long ago. When we over-indulge, we expect to pay the price with indigestion. The Victorian cognate was dyspepsia (wonderfully described in a book from 1888 as Demon of Dyspepsia), still a word with contemporary reverberations. Come to think of it, dyspepsia (bad digestion) and indigestion (defective digestion) mean much the same thing.

Nonulcer Dyspepsia: A Look Into the Future

Nonulcer Dyspepsia: A Look Into the Future

AUTO-INFECTION AS A FACTOR IN NERVOUS DISEASES.

Clinical observers have described the characteristic phenomena of various neuroses; also of organic nerve lesions whose etiology can only be ascribed to auto-infection or intoxication resulting from non-elimination of the products of metabolism, or the absorption of ptomains arising from the action of the ever-present bacteria on the accumulations of retained excreta in the alimentary canal. Alienists have frequently called attention to the relation existing between a constipated or sluggish condition of the bowels and melancholia, dementia and depressed intellectual powers. It is the opinion of the writer, that the ptomains or toxins and toxalbumins arising from bad digestion and faulty elimination are greater factors in disease than has yet been stated by writers on this subject. For the purpose of bringing this subject before this society in such a manner as to elicit an intelligent discussion, let us first inquire into some of the physiologic acts of the digestive

LXI. Notice upon the formation of the acetous acid in the stomachs of persons who have a bad digestion communicated by M. Parmentier

LXI. <i>Notice upon the formation of the acetous acid in the stomachs of persons who have a bad digestion communicated by M.</i> P<scp>armentier</scp>