Bacteriostatic Activity Research Articles

Assessment of Pelargonium graveolens flower essential oil: Antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition and in vivo topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy as treatment for atopic dermatitis

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by pruritus and skin barrier dysfunction. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Pelargonium graveolens (Geraniaceae) in managing AD symptoms through its essential oil. Methods The chemical composition of Pelargonium graveolens flower essential oil (PFEO) was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed, along with the inhibitory effects of PFEO on key enzymes involved in skin repair: tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase. An in vivo evaluation of a gel formulation containing PFEO was also conducted to assess its anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy. Results GC-MS analysis identified major compounds in PFEO, including Geraniol (22.83%), beta-citronellol (19.51%), naphthalenemethanol (15.36%), and Geranyl tiglate (9.38%), with minor constituents such as linalool (3.81%) and neryl formate (1.31%). PFEO exhibited bacteriostatic activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus anthracis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, and Malassezia spp. The essential oil also demonstrated significant antioxidant properties and inhibited key enzymes linked to skin alterations in AD. Conclusions PFEO shows promising therapeutic potential for managing symptoms of atopic dermatitis due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its analgesic effects. The findings support further exploration of PFEO as a natural alternative in the treatment of AD.

Endowing viscose fabric ultraviolet and antibacterial activities using zinc oxide nanoparticles

To enhance the bioactive functionality of viscose fabrics via a new eco-friendly approach; novel green zinc oxide nanoparticles were biosynthesized and incorporated as functional additives in the finishing formulations encompassing citric acid as a green crosslinking agent and sodium hypophosphite as a potential catalyst using pad-dry-cure method. For this purpose, ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized using zinc acetate as a processor and our formerly prepared and fully characterized starch nanoparticles (SNPs) having particle size ranged from 80-100 nm as a green reducing and stabilizing agent for substituting the traditionally used toxic reducing agents. The zeta sizer determined that the ZnO-NPs were approximately tailored at 18-20 nm in size, while the UV-visible spectra revealed highly symmetric single-band absorption with a maximum peak around 382 nm. In contrast, both FTIR and SEM of finished viscose fabric in the presence of ZnO-NPs-III confirm the presence of ZnO-NPs and the formation of agglomerated nanostructures on the fabric surface. The finished fabric had a UPF of 34.07 compared to 4.0 for untreated fabric, and the antibacterial activities had very good bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, compared to zero for untreated fabric. Furthermore, how the finishing bath ingredients interact with the fabric was projected.

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Rose Essential Oil against Aeromonas veronii isolated from Northern snakehead (Channa argus).

To investigate and identify the antibacterial action and mechanism of rose essential oil (REO) against Aeromonas veronii isolated from northern snakehead for the first time by the phenotypic and metabolic analysis. The two-fold broth microdilution and spread-plate method identified that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of REO against A. veronii were 1.25 μL mL-1 and REO impaired the growth in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that REO possessed a significant bacteriostatic activity. Electron microscopy and live-dead cell staining found that REO caused a severe disruption of cellular morphology and increased the membrane permeability. Additionally, REO treatment induced the leakage of intracellular biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids from the bacteria. Metabolomics analysis showed that compared with the control, the REO treatment group exhibited a total of 190 differential metabolites (118 down-regulated and 72 up-regulated), which involved in the main metabolic pathways such as biotin metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, lysine degradation, and histidine metabolism and the TCA cycle. These results verified that REO disturbed the metabolic processes of A. veronii to achieve the bacteriostatic effect. The REO exhibited the effective antibacterial activity against A. veronii via breaking the cellular structure, increasing the membrane permeation and disrupting the metabolic processes.

Isolation and assessment of probiotic potential of Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici C03B-STR from goat milk with cholesterol-lowering capability.

Elevated levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood are one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease, which is the foremost leading cause of death across the world. The aims of this study were to isolate and verify the potential probiotic strain and cholesterol-lowering capability from goat milk. The C03B-STR isolate had a broad-spectrum antibacterial property and exhibited remarkable bacteriostatic activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 (27.00 ± 1.73mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (19.33 ± 0.57mm) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 10832 (19.00 ± 1.00mm) by agar well diffusion assay. This isolate is closely related to the 16S rDNA sequence of Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici. Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici C03B-STR can survive under acidic conditions (60.51 ± 0.02% of survival rate at pH 3.0 for 3h) and was as bile-tolerant strain (> 80% of survival rate at 0.30% bile salts after 3h of incubation). Furthermore, it showed significantly high cell surface hydrophobicity (74.36 ± 0.23%) and aggregation capability (> 83%) (p ≤ 0.05) but displayed low to moderate co-aggregation ability (44-61%). This strain can also be regarded as strongly adhesive (73.69 ± 0.74%) and inhibit pathogen attachment to the Caco-2 cell lines (39.20 ± 0.59-69.01 ± 0.29%). A. acidipropionici C03B-STR appeared to be safe (non-haemolytic) and controllable (sensitive to various antibiotics). Notably, it had the potential to suppress cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells (approximately 45%) and also reduced cholesterol level above 84% during the exponential phase under acidic conditions. Thus, A. acidipropionici C03B-STR from goat milk may be a promising novel potential cholesterol-lowering probiotic strain for application in functional foods and biotherapeutics.

Insight into the Antibacterial Activities of Pyridinium-Based Cationic Pillar[5]arene with Controllable Hydrophobic Chain Lengths against Staphylococcus aureus.

The increasing number of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria has severely affected human society. More and more deaths were originated from Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection each year. The potential and excellent bacteriostatic activity and resistance to biofilm formation of pillar[5]arene with different functional groups attract important attention to further study the relationship between antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity by varying the length of the hydrophobic chain, the number of positive charges, and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the molecule. In this work, four pyridinium-based cationic pillar[5]arene (PPs) with linear aliphatic chains of different lengths were synthesized. After systematic characterization, their inhibition activities against S. aureus were investigated. It revealed that PP6 (six methylenes in each linker) exhibited excellent inhibition activity against S. aureus (ATCC 6538) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.91 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 62.50 μg/mL. As expected, PP6 exhibited the strongest antibiofilm ability and negligible antimicrobial resistance even after the 20th passage. A study of the action mechanism of selected PPs on the bacterial membrane depolarization and permeability by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) disclosed that the cationic pyridine groups of PPs inserted into the negatively charged bacterial membranes, thereby leading to membranolysis, cytoplasmic content leakage, and cell death. Importantly, PPs all showed very low toxicity to mammalian cells (L929 and HBZY-1), which provided a significant reference for the construction of hypotoxic antibacterial biomaterials for multiple drug-resistant bacteria based on pyridinium-grafted cationic macrocycles with controllable hydrophobic chain lengths.

Antimicrobial and modulating activity of essential oils against bacteria isolated from goat dairy products in northeastern Brazil

In recent years, novel strategies to combat (multi-) drug-resistant microorganisms have been investigated. Essential oils (EOs) with bactericidal, bacteriostatic, and fungicidal activity have been used to treat infections and in food sanitation. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial and modulating activity of Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) and Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) essential oils against microorganisms isolated from goat milk processing plants in northeastern Brazil, and their synergistic effect when combined with antimicrobial agents. The microdilution technique was used to obtain the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and the antibiotics studied were ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, meropenem, norfloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and tetracycline. Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC50) and Escherichia coli (MIC90) were sensitive to cinnamon EO. Clove EO did not inhibit the growth of either microorganism. In regard to MBC, cinnamon EO had a bactericidal effect against six K. pneumoniae and six E. coli samples. For the antibiotics evaluated, a greater synergistic effect was observed for cinnamon EO associated with gentamicin and meropenem, and antagonistic effect with ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and tetracycline. As such, EOs may be an alternative for the control of pathogenic microorganisms.

TBAJ-587, a novel diarylquinoline, is active against Mycobacterium abscessus.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are extremely difficult to treat due to a natural resistance to many antimicrobials. TBAJ-587 is a novel diarylquinoline, which shows higher anti-tuberculosis activity, lower lipophilicity, and weaker inhibition of hERG channels than bedaquiline (BDQ). The susceptibilities of 11 NTM reference strains and 194 clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates to TBAJ-587 were determined by the broth microdilution assay. The activity of TBAJ-587 toward the growth of M. abscessus in macrophages was also evaluated. Minimum bactericidal concentration and time-kill kinetic assays were conducted to distinguish between the bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities of TBAJ-587. The synergy between TBAJ-587 and eight clinically important antibiotics was determined using a checkerboard assay. TBAJ-587 was highly effective against M. abscessus by targeting its F-ATP synthase c chain. The antimicrobial activities of TBAJ-587 and BDQ toward intracellular M. abscessus were comparable. The in vivo activities of TBAJ-587 and BDQ in an immunocompromised mouse model were also comparable. TBAJ-587 expressed bactericidal activity and was compatible with eight anti-NTM drugs commonly used in clinical practice; no antagonism was discovered. As such, TBAJ-587 represents a potential candidate for the treatment of NTM infections.

Plukenetia volubilis leaves as source of anti-Helicobacter pylori agents.

Helicobacter pylori infection is a major issue worldwide, with widespread prevalence, combined with its link to gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Meanwhile, effectiveness of current treatment protocols is limited by increasing antibiotic resistance and patient compliance issues due to long regimens and side effects. Plukenetia volubilis, or sacha inchi, is a valuable source of bioactive molecules. However, studies on its antimicrobial activity, especially against H. pylori, are lacking. In this study, the anti-H. pylori activity of P. volubilis leaves water extract was explored using in vitro and in silico approaches. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Electrospray Ionisation and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI- QTOF-MS-MS) analysis of the water extract from the leaves was used to characterise the chemical composition of the plant and allowed identification of some flavonoids, such as astragalin, and some phenolic compounds. Then, high-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) was used to fractionate the ethyl acetate partition obtained from the water extract from the leaves. The presence of flavonoids derived from kaempferol was confirmed and astragalin was isolated for the first time in P. volubilis. The P. volubilis water infusion, ethyl acetate extract and the isolated astragalin exhibited anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori J99 and two clinical isolates (e.g., minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.53, 0.51 and 0.49μg/mL, respectively, for clarithromycin-resistant clinical isolate SSR366). Then, using molecular docking for potential protein targets for H. pylori, it was verified that astragalin could interact with these proteins by in silico analysis. These findings highlight that P. volubilis and astragalin produce a bacteriostatic activity against H. pylori and may have potential to be used in treatment against H. pylori, after further research.

Bidens sulphurea and Tanacetum vulgare L. extracts against Staphylococcus spp. mecA positive in pregnant women

The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of Bidens sulphurea and Tanacetum vulgare L. against Staphylococcus spp. methicillin-resistant (mecA) isolates from the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women. Fifteen isolates of Staphylococcus spp. with the presence of the mecA gene, from the vaginal swabs of pregnant women, aged between 16 and 38 years, who underwent microbiological examination during the first trimester of pregnancy. The aqueous extracts of B. sulphurea and Tanacetum vulgare L. were obtained by infusion, as recommended by popular use, and then, the chemical identification of the extracts was performed by gas chromatography. The antibacterial activity of plant extracts was performed by the method of microdilution in broth. B. sulphurea extract had as major compounds: custonolide (8.06%), Isohumulene (6.19%), artemetin (21,13%), β-sitosterol (28.68%), phytol (7.36%) e 7,8-epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy- (7.09%). T. vulgare extract presented as the majority artemetin (13.38%), verrucarol (13.27%) and phytol (11.93%), ergosterol (5.43%), ethyl iso-allocholate (6.95%), 7,8-epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy- (14,46%), lycopene, 1,1',2,2'-tetrahydro-1,1'-dimethoxy-, all-trans (7.09%) e 9,19-cyclochloestene-3,7-diol, 4,14-dimethyl-, 3-acetate (8.58%). The isolates tested against aqueous extracts of B. sulphurea and T. vulgare L., obtained minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 1.17mg/mL and 37.5mg/mL, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of B. sulphurea varied between 75mg/mL and 150mg/mL, on the other hand, T. vulgare L. MBC had lower values ranging from 9.37mg/mL to 150mg/mL. It was confirmed the bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of the tested extracts against isolates that have the mecA resistance gene, and it is possible to attest that these extracts are a therapeutic alternative.

Activity of polymyxin B combined with cefepime-avibactam against the biofilms of polymyxin B-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae in in vitro and in vivo models

Bacterial biofilms, often forming on medical devices, can lead to treatment failure due to their increased antimicrobial resistance. Cefepime-avibactam (CFP-AVI) exhibits potent activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) when used with polymyxin B (PMB). However, its efficacy in biofilm-related infections is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of PMB combined with CFP-AVI against the biofilms of PMB-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Five K. pneumoniae strains and three P. aeruginosa strains known to be PMB-resistant and prone to biofilm formation were selected and evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays demonstrated that the minimal biofilm inhibitory and eradication concentrations of PMB and CFP-AVI for biofilms formed by the eight strains were significantly higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics for planktonic cells. The biofilm formation inhibition and eradication assays showed that PMB combined with CFP-AVI cannot only suppress the formation of biofilm but also effectively eradicate the preformed mature biofilms. In a modified in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic biofilm model, CFP-AVI monotherapy exhibited a bacteriostatic or effective activity against the biofilms of seven strains, whereas PMB monotherapy did not have any activity at 72 h. However, PMB combined with CFP-AVI demonstrated bactericidal activity against the biofilms of all strains at 72 h. In an in vivo Galleria mellonella infection model, the 7-day survival rates of larvae infected with biofilm implants of K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa were 0-6.7%, 40.0-63.3%, and 46.7–90.0%, respectively, for PMB alone, CFP-AVI alone, and PMB combined with CFP-AVI; the combination therapy increased the rate by 6.7–33.3% (P < 0.05, n = 6), compared to CFP-AVI monotherapy. It is concluded that PMB combined with CFP-AVI exhibits effective anti-biofilm activities against PMB-resistant K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo, and thus may be a promising therapeutic strategy to treat biofilm-related infections.

Enhancing refrigerated chicken breasts preservation: Novel composite hydrogels incorporated with antimicrobial peptides, bacterial cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol

Microbial contamination annually leads to substantial food resource loss. Effective food packaging can mitigate food contamination and waste, yet conventional materials such as plastics often lack bacteriostatic activity. This study aimed to synthesise FengycinA-M3@bacterial cellulose@polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogels via dual cross-linking with hydrogen and borate bonding, with the goal of enhancing antibacterial properties and prolonging the preservation period of refrigerated chicken breast. The composite hydrogel was subjected to comprehensive characterisation for structural, mechanical, water absorption, slow peptide release, antimicrobial capacity, biocompatibility, and chicken breast freshness preservation. The results showed that the composite hydrogel had a porous network structure and excellent gel elasticity and biocompatibility. It was effective in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and prolonged the storage time of frozen chicken breast for up to 12 days. These findings emphasise the potential of hydrogel food packaging to prolong storage periods and its suitability for food industry applications due to ease of manufacture.

Perception of antibiotic misuse and awareness of antibiotic resistance among adults in delta state Nigeria

BackgroundMisuse of antibiotics leads to propagation and proliferation of resistant bacteria strains. Antibiotic resistance is a public health problem on a global scale. It occurs when changes take place in bacteria that impair the bactericidal or bacteriostatic action of antibiotics on bacteria.ObjectiveTo determine the knowledge of antibiotics, the perceptions of antibiotic misuse and the awareness of antibiotic resistance among adults in Delta state.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among adults who are non-healthcare providers in Delta state, Nigeria. A total of 420 participants were enrolled in the study. An internet based pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS version 24, was used to run both descriptive and inferential statistics, with a p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the association between the measured variables.ResultsMost of the respondents exhibited good knowledge of antibiotics; 296 (73.1%), with 266 (65.7%) respondents observed to have a good perception of antibiotic misuse. However, 234 (57.8%) respondents had poor awareness of antibiotic resistance.ConclusionsDespite having good knowledge of antibiotics and good perception of antibiotic misuse, most of the respondents exhibited a lack of comprehensive awareness about the intricacies of antibiotic resistance. Addressing the awareness gap surrounding antibiotic resistance is an essential step towards creating a more informed and responsible populace, ultimately contributing to the global effort to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics.

Antibacterial Activity of Glycosylated Flavonoids Isolated from Ocotea notata Leaves.

Research into natural products has led to the discovery of new drugs. This work shows relevant data on the antibacterial activity of Ocotea notata leaves. Dichloromethane fraction (DF) from leaves of O. notata showed antibacterial activity at the concentration of 512 μg/mL against strains of Staphylococcus. The DF was fractionated to investigate bioactive compounds and yielded six subfractions (DF1-DF6). The DF3, DF5, and DF6 showed bacteriostatic activity and DF4 showed bactericidal activity at the concentration of 2048 μg/mL and additive effect when combined with the antibiotic oxacillin. The flavonoids miquelianin (1), isoquercitrin (2), reynoutrin (3), guaijaverin (4), and afzelin (5) were isolated from the DF4 and characterized via NMR and HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analyses. Flavonoids 1-5, especially reynoutrin (3), seem to be responsible for the DF4 antibacterial activity. Reynoutrin showed activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and S. aureus methicillin-resistant ATCC 33591. This is the first report regarding the reynoutrin antibacterial activity and the first description of the flavonoid guaijaverin for O. notata.

Микронизация в технологии минорного компонента консервирующего действия

Natural preservatives are a global trend in the food industry. As a rule, they are traditional herbs or spices. Flavonoids inhibit microbial activity. However, they are effective only when their distribution in the food matrix is uniform. This uniformity is achieved by increasing their solubility, e.g., by micronization. The research assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of micronization of a plant preservative using a purified flavonoi d fraction obtained from defatted sea-buckthorn meal. The study featured samples of purified flavonoid fraction of sea-buckthorn meal with different dispersions. Their solubility, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial activity, and fungicidal effect were assessed by standard methods. Micronization under ultrasonic conditions and cryogenic grinding increased the solubility in water, ethyl, and oil. Ultrasonic micronization proved efficient as it produced particles of 1,400 nm under rational conditions, i.e., 50 W ultrasonic vibration in a 0.5% suspension for 10 min. The sample obtained in this way increased the rate of catalase reaction by 19% relative to the control sample while maintaining a constant rate of glutathione reduction. Its antioxidant activity increased fourfold. The samples demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as fungistatic activity against Candida albicans. Purified flavonoid fraction of sea-buckthorn meal micronized under ultrasonic conditions can be recommended as a natural preservative in various food systems.

Antibacterial Power of Lemon Essential Oil, Ginger And Their Synergy With Neem Vegetable Oil On Mastitis Pathogenic Germs Dairy Cows From The Poro Region In Ivory Coast

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils of (Citrus limon, Zingiber officinalis and Azadirachta indica vegetable oil), purchased, identified 32.80%, 42.40% and 47.10% of its constituents. This study consisted of evaluating the antimicrobial performance of some EOs obtained from three medicinal plants, considered to have a great bacterial effect. This is in order to standardize their use to apply them as an alternative remedy to antibiotics in the face of the advance of resistant bacteria and the failure of antibiotic therapy. The essential oils of these plants were tested alone or in combination on nine pathogenic microbial strains from cows suffering from mastitis and resistant to certain antibiotics, namely: four Gram (-) bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli ATCC25922, E. coli, Klebsiella spp) ; five Gram (+) bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp, S. aureus ATCC19213, SCN (S. lentus and S. xylosus)); and E. coli ATCC25922, S. aureus ATCC19213 as reference strains. Reasonable antimicrobial activities of the studied EOs were observed on some of the germs tested. All the strains tested are sensitive to concentrations less than or equal to 100μg.ml -1 of essential oil. Enterobacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp) are resistant to standard antibiotics with the exception of Colistin, which have been shown to be sensitive to all essential oils studied. This observation applies to Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp, Staphylococcus lentus and Staphylococcus sylosus) which are very sensitive to the oils studied but resistant to three types of standard antibiotics (Ampicillin, Colistin and Penicillin). The CMB/MIC ratios of Zingiber officinalis and Citrus limon oils have a bacteriostatic action while that of the combination of EO (Zingiber officinalis, Citrus limon and Azadirachta indica oil ) are bactericidal on all bacterial strains tested. There was no significant difference between the MIC and MBC values of the essential oil resistant strains. As a result of the study, an idea could be proposed for the development and upgrading of a new generation of combination of natural antimicrobial agents that can be used in humans and animals against infections with commonly used antibiotics.

Allyl isothiocyanate suppressed periodontal tissue destruction in mice via bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activities against Porphyromonas gingivalis

ObjectivesAllyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a phytochemical that is abundantly present in cruciferous vegetables, such as wasabi and mustard. Among its pharmacological properties, it demonstrates anticancer, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the functions of AITC against periodontopathic bacteria and its effects on a mouse model of periodontitis. DesignThe antimicrobial and antibiofilm functions of AITC were assessed against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mitis. To clarify its anti-inflammatory effects, macrophage-like cells from THP-1 were stimulated with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the release of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by ELISA. Experimental periodontitis was induced in 9-week-old mice by ligation and oral infection of P. gingivalis, and AITC was injected into the gingiva once daily for 8 days. Alveolar bone resorption was evaluated by measuring the exposed root area. Gene expressions in the periodontal tissue were analyzed via qPCR. ResultsAITC exerted weak bacteriostatic effects against P. gingivalis, inhibiting biofilm formation. AITC also impeded the production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α induced by P. gingivalis LPS. Additionally, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1) channel agonist inhibited the anti-inflammatory effects of AITC. In vivo, AITC inhibited alveolar bone destruction and decreased the gene transcription of Il6 in the periodontal tissue. ConclusionAITC exerted weak bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory effects against P. gingivalis, reducing alveolar bone destruction and suppressing the inflammatory response in experimental periodontitis. Therefore, AITC may serve as a valuable adjunct in controlling periodontal disease.

Phytochemical Characterization and Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Colebrookea Oppositifolia Essential Oil as Adjuvants to Modern Antibiotics in Combating Drug Resistance.

The global threat of multi-drug-resistant bacteria has severely limited the options available for effective antibiotics. This study focuses on the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical characterization of C. oppositifolia extracts, aiming to identify novel plant-based therapeutic agents. C. oppositifolia specimens-leaves and inflorescence. Specimens were cleaned, sterilized, dried, and ground into a fine powder. Extracts were obtained using methanol and petroleum ether via a Soxhlet apparatus, followed by fractionation with chloroform, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate. Volatile oil was extracted through hydro distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify bioactive compounds. Biophysical techniques, including UV-visible spectrophotometry, TLC, HPLC, GC-MS, FTIR, and NMR, were employed for characterization. Antimicrobial activity was tested against S. aureus ATCC25922 and E. coli ATCC25922 using agar well and disc diffusion methods, and synergistic effects were assessed with erythromycin and amoxicillin. Methanol extract exhibited bacteriostatic activity with inhibition zones of 13.0 ± 0.2 mm for both S. aureus and E. coli. Petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate fractions showed varying inhibition zones. Erythromycin demonstrated bactericidal activity, which was enhanced synergistically when combined with methanol extract and volatile oil, increasing inhibition zones against S. aureus. Phytochemical analysis identified phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and glycosides. FTIR analysis revealed functional groups such as amines, aldehydes, nitriles, alkenes, and sulfones. GC-MS identified 24 compounds, with α-pinene, caryophyllene, and carene as major components. NMR spectra indicated no complex formation between oils and antibiotics, suggesting the compounds act as synergists. The C. oppositifolia extracts possess significant antimicrobial activity and synergistic potential, particularly against S. aureus. The presence of various bioactive compounds suggests a promising role in developing new plant-based therapeutics.

Maximizing polyphenol yield: ultrasound-assisted extraction and antimicrobial potential of mango peel

This study investigated the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques used to enhance the polyphenols and antioxidants of mango peel extract (MPE). Additionally, it explored the bacteriostatic activity of MPE against various microorganisms. The UAE method was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) at different times, temperatures, and ratios, with optimal conditions found to be 35 minutes, 45 °C, and a 1:35 ratio. The optimized yield results for total polyphenol content (TPC) were 17.33 ± 1.57 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content (TFC) was 12.14 ± 0.29 mg QE/g, and radical scavenging activity (RSA) was 72.11 ± 2.19%. These response models were extremely significant with p-values less than 0.05. MPE showed selective effectiveness against Bacillus cereus, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results highlight the potential of mango peel as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, contributing to waste reduction in the food industry and the development of natural antimicrobial agents. This study contributes to further research on the application of MPE in processed foods.

Inhibitory impact of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based drug delivery system on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced bone resorption

Controlling and reducing plaque formation plays a pivotal role in preventing and treating periodontal disease, often utilizing antibacterial drugs to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), an FDA-approved inorganic nanomaterial, possess robust physical and chemical properties, such as adjustable pore size and pore capacity, easy surface modification, and high biosafety. Numerous studies have exploited MSN to regulate drug release and facilitate targeted delivery. This study aimed to synthesize an MSN-tetracycline (MSN-TC) complex and investigate its inhibitory potential on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)-induced bone resorption. The antibacterial efficacy of MSN-TC was evaluated through bacterial culture experiments. A P. gingivalis-induced bone resorption model was constructed by subcutaneously injecting P. gingivalis around the cranial bone of rats. Micro-computed tomography was employed to assess the inhibitory impact of MSN and MSN-TC on bone resorption. Furthermore, the influence of MSN and MSN-TC on osteoclast differentiation was examined in vitro. The MSN exhibited optimal pore size and particle dimensions for effective loading and gradual release of TC. MSN-TC demonstrated significant bacteriostatic activity against P. gingivalis. MSN-TC-treated rats showed significantly reduced cranial bone tissue destruction compared to MSN or TC-treated rats. Additionally, both MSN and MSN-TC exhibited inhibitory effects on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation. The MSN-TC complex synthesized in this study demonstrated dual efficacy by exerting antibacterial effects on P. gingivalis and by resisting osteoclast differentiation, thereby mitigating bone resorption induced by P. gingivalis.Graphical

New Fusarochromanone Derivatives from the Marine Fungus Fusarium equiseti UBOCC-A-117302.

Two new fusarochromanone derivatives, deacetylfusarochromene (1) and deacetamidofusarochrom-2',3-diene (2), along with the previously reported metabolites fusarochromanone TDP-2 (3), fusarochromene (4), 2,2-dimethyl-5-amino-6-(2'E-ene-4'-hydroxylbutyryl)-4-chromone (5), fusarochromanone (6), (-)-chrysogine (7), and equisetin (8), were isolated from the marine fungus Fusarium equiseti UBOCC-A-117302. The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive spectrometric (HRMS) and spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) analyses, as well as specific rotation. Among them, 2 and 5 showed inhibition of three protein kinases with IC50 values ranging from 1.42 to 25.48 μM. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of all isolated compounds were also evaluated. Six fusarochromanone derivatives (1-6) exhibited diverse activities against three cell lines, RPE-1, HCT-116, and U2OS (IC50 values ranging from 0.058 to 84.380 μM). Equisetin (8) showed bactericidal activities against Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes (MBC values of 7.8 and 31.25 µM, respectively), and bacteriostatic activity against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC value of 31.25 µM). Compounds 2 and 4 showed bacteriostatic activities against Listeria monocytogenes (MIC of 125 µM).