Bacteriological Profile Research Articles

Bacteriological Profile and Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Isolates from Sputum of Adults with Community Acquired Pneumonia in Diobu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Community acquired pneumonia is a major global public health concern given its substantial contribution to the mortality and morbidity associated with infectious diseases, the huge losses in human and economic resources and the increasing challenges in treatment due to multidrug resistance (MDR). This retrospective cross sectional descriptive study reviewed laboratory records of adults clinically diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. A total of 308 sputum specimens meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed and yielded 135 (43.8%) bacterial strains. The 135 bacterial strains spread across 9 species had Streptococcus pneumoniae as the dominant species with 41(30.4%); followed by Staphylococcus aureus 21(15.6%), Escherichia coli 16(11.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 16(11.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12(8.9%), Streptococcus pyogenes 12(8.9%), Proteus mirabilis 10(7.4%), Enterobacter cloacae 5(3.7%) and Acinetobacter baumannii 2(1.5%). The cumulative resistance profile was 45.7%; the most resistant bacterial specie was Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a resistance profile of 50%; followed by Staphylococcus aureus (48.6%), Enterobacter cloacae (48.0%), Streptococcus pyogenes 47.5%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 47.3%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 45.6%, Proteus mirabilis 42.0%, Escherichia coli 40.0% and Acinetobacter baumannii 35.0%. The MDR prevalence was 85.9% including 36.3% extensively resistant strains; but no pan-drug resistant trains; while 14.1% were non-multidrug resistant. This study has contributed to the data on bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns in aetiological agents of community acquired pneumonia in Port Harcourt. The high prevalence of drug resistance implies that many people are likely to be infected, while most of the antibiotics are losing potency against the bacterial pathogens. It is advised that regulatory laws on drug control be revised as it pertains antibiotics, the regulatory agencies should be compelled to perform their statutory duties while there is need to sensitize the populace on the dangers of antibiotic abuse and misuse.

High Frequency of Gram-negative Bacilli (GNB) Pathogens in Wounds and Other Clinical Specimens: A Grave Public Health Concern

Background. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii are important causes of both hospital and community acquired infections in human beings. In this regard, the current study aimed to assess the frequency of GNB pathogens circulating in Hyderabad, Sindh and to obtain locally applicable data for the prevention and spread of infections caused by GNBs. Methodology. A total of 360 clinical specimens including blood, pus, wound, urine, sputum, and body fluids from suspected indoor and outdoor patients were collected from various diagnostic centers of Hyderabad, Sindh. The isolation, identification, and characterization of GNB pathogens was performed by using standard conventional methods including morphological, cultural, and biochemical testing. Results. A total of 143 GNBs were isolated and characterized in the current study. The data demonstrated that male patients were more affected with GNBs accounting for 55.94% (n=80) of infected specimens, whereas 44.06% (n=63) of specimens were from female patients. Moreover, specimen wise data of sample positivity revealed that 13.29% (n=19) of GNBs were isolated from pus specimens, 58.59% (n=70) from urine specimens, 34.97% (n=50) from blood specimens, 1.40% (n=2) from fluid specimens, and 1.40% (n=2) of GNBs were isolated from sputum specimens. Bacteriological profiling revealed that 41.26% (n=59) of the isolated bacteria were E. coli, considered as the predominant bacteria isolated from urine specimens. Whereas, S. enterica serover Typhi was the most frequently isolated bacteria from blood specimens accounting for 20.28% (n=29) of all bacteria. Other less prevalent but important pathogenic bacteria included K. pneumoniae accounting for 12.59% (n=18) of all bacteria, P. aeruginosa accounting for 8.39% (n=12) of all bacteria, Acinetobacter spp. accounting for 6.99% (n=10) of all bacteria, and Enterobacter spp. accounting for 2.10% (n=3) of all bacteria. Conclusion. To conclude, the high frequency of GNBs isolated from clinical specimens at Hyderabad, Sindh poses an alarming situation and warrants an urgent need to monitor and control the spread of pathogenic bacteria.

Clinical Profile, Bacteriological Profile, and Outcomes of Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis with Preexisting Chronic Liver Disease

Clinical Profile, Bacteriological Profile, and Outcomes of Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis with Preexisting Chronic Liver Disease

Bacteriological profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among clinical suspected adult septicemia admitted patients: A study from tertiary care and teaching hospital

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among clinically suspected adult septicemia admitted patients and to study the correlation between the clinical presentation and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and Procalcitonin [PCT]) in the final outcomes of nosocomial sepsis in adult septicemia patients. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 1-year duration from November 2022 to November 2023. The study has been approved from the Institutional Ethical Committee. Adult patients with a clinical suspected diagnosis of sepsis were admitted to the medicine ward of the tertiary hospital. Blood samples of adult sepsis suspected patients samples were taken for as a part of septicemia screening. Blood culture and sensitivity were performed according to standard guidelines. The sepsis inflammatory prognostic markers CRP and PCT test were evaluated according to manufactures instruction. Results: Out of 300 clinically suspected adult septicemia patients, 93 (31%) patients were isolated culture-positive sepsis while 207 (69%) patients were culture-negative sepsis. Gram-positive organisms were more (69%) as compared to Gram-negative organisms (31%). Staphylococcus aureus was predominant among Gram-positive organisms while Acinetobacter baumanii complex (9%) followed by Enterobacter spp. (8%) isolated in Gram-negative bacilli. Culture-positive sepsis patients have CRP level ≥3.2 mg/dL (80%) and the majority (80%) of these patients have reactive PCT. Conclusions: Successful treatment of bloodstream infection depends on early diagnosis and appropriate use of antimicrobial agents. Rapid identification results and antimicrobial susceptibility tests are essential for guiding clinicians in the selection of the most appropriate treatment for patients with bloodstream infections.

Bacteriological and mycological profile of necrotizing otitis externa in diabetics

Bacteriological and mycological profile of necrotizing otitis externa in diabetics

Aerobic Bacteriological Profile of Surgical Site Infections and their Antibiogram

Aerobic Bacteriological Profile of Surgical Site Infections and their Antibiogram

BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AT HYDERABAD, SINDH

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) is a condition in which micro-organisms multiply within the tract to establish infection. The aim of this study was to assess bacteriological profiling of UTI in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Isolation and identification of bacterial uropathogens were carried out using standard microbiological methods such as microscopic analysis, cultural characteristics, and biochemical testing. A total of 320 urine samples were investigated for bacteriological analysis. Among them, 116 (36.26%) urine samples yielded bacterial growth, which included 74 (23.12%) female and 42 (13.13%) male patients. Bacterial distribution revealed that the most frequent isolate was Escherichia. coli which accounted 60.34% (n=70) of the isolates followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 13.79% (n=16), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.76% (n=9), Enterococcus spp. 7.76% (n=9), Streptococcus spp. 4.31% (n=5), Staphylococcus aureus 3.4% (n=4), Proteus mirabilis 2.59% (n=3). It is concluded that the, bacteriological profiling of urine samples revealed seven different uropathogens circulating in Hyderabad with high prevalence of E. coli.

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of organisms responsible for blood stream infections in intensive care unit patients

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of organisms responsible for blood stream infections in intensive care unit patients

Efficacy of single-dose versus triple-doses perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Introduction: Although debatable, prophylactic antibiotics may be required for patients undergoing cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease with certain associated risk factors. Our study aimed to perform a non-randomised prospective comparative trial evaluating a single-dose pre-operative antibiotic versus a triple-dose prophylactic post-operative antibiotic in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated cholelithiasis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methodology: This study was a non-randomised prospective comparative study in a single institution. Two hundred patients were enrolled and allocated to two groups. Group A patients were given a single dose of pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic, and Group B patients received a triple dose of prophylactic antibiotic therapy. We also studied the bacteriological profile of bile in all the patients using bile culture and antibiotic sensitivity, and we analysed their association with post-operative surgical site infection (SSI). Results: All the patients were followed up on post-operative days 7 and 30. On post-operative day 7, 2% of patients in Group A and 1% of patients in Group B were found to have SSI, and no statistically significant difference in SSI between the two groups was noted (P = 0.558). On post-operative day 30, no patient was found to have a SSI in either of the two groups. Moreover, post-operative bile culture was obtained in all the cases, and 6% of patients had a positive bile culture. However, none of them developed SSIs on post-operative day 7. Conclusion: A single-dose pre-operative antibiotic is as effective as three perioperative doses in preventing SSI in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic, uncomplicated gallstone disease. Our study did not associate port-site SSI with a positive bile culture.

The bacteriological profile of infections in severely burned patients: a retrospective study in the intensive care unit of Hassan II university hospital, FEZ

The bacteriological profile of infections in severely burned patients: a retrospective study in the intensive care unit of Hassan II university hospital, FEZ

Bacteriological and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Urinary Tract Infection among Online Motorcycle Drivers in Jakarta, Indonesia

Bacteriological and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Urinary Tract Infection among Online Motorcycle Drivers in Jakarta, Indonesia

Epidemiological aspects and resistance profile of bacteremia in the region of Marrakech

Introduction: bacteremia in hospitals is a major public health problem that can lead to mortality and morbidity. The aim of our study is to establish the bacteriological profile of bacteremia and the state of antibiotic resistance in order to optimize probabilistic antibiotherapy at the Avicenna military hospital in Marrakech. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study spanning a period of 5 years (January 2019 - December 2023), conducted in the laboratory of bacteriology-virology and molecular biology of the Avicenna Military Hospital in Marrakech, on the all bacteria isolated from blood cultures in hospitalized patients. Results: During this period, we collected 839 blood cultures, 140 of which resulted to isolate a bacterium. The predominant causative organism was Staphylococcus aureus (27%), The resistance profile of the strains was as follows: 3.57% for methicillin for Staphylococcus aureus and 50% for staphylococcus coagulase negative. Regarding Enterobacteria; 30.28% were producing ESBL, ciprofloxacin resistance was involved in 41.8% of Enterobacteria while all strains were sensitive to kanamicin. The resistance of Acinetobacter baumanii was 100% to ciprofloxacin, and 91% to ticarcillin, ceftazidime, imipenem and amikacin while remaining 100% sensitive to colistin. Conclusion: surveillance of bacteria’s epidemiological characteristics and their antibiotic susceptibility profile should be continuous for appropriate adaptation of initial empirical treatment of bacteraemia.

Incidence of drug resistance bacterial isolates from different Pyoderma cases attending at tertiary care hospital of Central Nepal

Background & Objectives: Pyoderma is defined as any purulent skin disease and represents infections in epidermis and dermis including hair follicles. Thus, this study was conducted to find out incidence and bacteriological profile of pyodermas as well as to determine their antibiotic susceptibility test of isolated bacteria. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected in dermatological OPD and sent the collected samples immediately to bacteriology laboratory for culture and sensitivity tests from December 2018 to May 2019 A.D. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines. Quality control of the test was done by standard ATCC strains of S.aureus (ATCC 25923), E.coli (ATCC 25922). Results: The incidence of pyoderma was 3.24%. Maximum cases were detected in the age group below 13 years of age. Primary pyoderma (61.8%) was more frequent when compared to secondary pyoderma (38.2%). The highest number of organism isolated was S. aureus (24.7%) from different cases of pyoderma followed by E. coli (8.2%), CONS (6.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.1%) whereas other organisms were found in less number. Gram positive bacteria mainly S. aureus and other isolates for the cause of pyoderma were mostly resistant to penicillin (100%), ciprofloxacillin (75.0%) and clindamycin (79.2%). Gram negative E. coli (8.2%) was second most bacterial isolates and others GNB isolates were (14/63) where resistance pattern were seen more (75.0%) in each ceftrixone and imipenem. Conclusion: Incidence of pyoderma was low among the patients visiting to the Dermatology Department. Antibiotic resistance is increasing day by day; therefore, routine culture and sensitivity tests are essential to guide proper treatment procedure.

Cytobacteriological testing of drainage pus from peritonsillar abscess is not contributive in clinical practice: A STROBE analysis

PurposePeritonsillar abscess (PTA) is a frequent pathology. Treatment consists in drainage of the collection, associated to probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The usefulness of cytobacteriological testing (CBT) of the drainage pus is controversial. Material and methodsA retrospective study of patients managed for PTA between 2013 and 2020 in our university hospital was performed. The main objective was to assess the usefulness of CBT in the management of PTA. The secondary objectives were to determine the bacteriological profile involved in the onset of PTA and to assess the rate of bacterial resistance to antibiotics prescribed on a probabilistic basis. ResultsThe study included 207 patients: 70 outpatients (33%) and 137 inpatients (67%). Probabilistic antibiotic therapy was implemented in 100% of patients. CBT was performed systematically and was negative in 106 patients, revealing oropharyngeal flora in 40% of cases, polymicrobial flora in 50% and sterile samples in 10%. In the 101 patients with positive CBT, the bacteria isolated were penicillin-sensitive in 99%. All patients were successfully treated. In the light of the bacteriological results, no changes were made to the probabilistic antibiotic therapy introduced on admission. ConclusionCBT on drainage pus had no impact on the management of PTA. CBT is therefore unnecessary in patients with no comorbidities and no signs of severity at admission.

Umbilical cord blood culture for early onset sepsis in preterm infants.

Umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) may have a diagnostic utility for early onset sepsis (EOS) detection in preterm infants. It may prevent sampling the newborn and collect a higher volume of blood for pathogenic identification. Retrospective analysis at a tertiary care center in Canada of preterm infants ≤ 34 0/7 weeks' gestation with UCBC taken at birth. Of 505 admitted infants, 195 had UCBC. 170 UCBCs were negative; 44 of these had also negative neonatal blood culture (NBC). No infants with negative UCBC showed EOS symptoms in the first week of life. 25 UCBCs were positive: 18 were contaminants (all with negative NBC) and 7 were confirmed as EOS. 18 infants with UCBC contaminants remained asymptomatic. 7 EOS cases were identified, with varying bacteriological profiles; 5 displayed sepsis symptoms while 2 were asymptomatic. Risk of EOS increased with prolonged rupture of membranes. UCBC effectively detected EOS establishing it as a method with possibly better diagnostic performance than NBC in high-risk neonates. Further studies are needed to improve UCBC technique and lower contamination rates. Umbilical cord blood culture has a higher bacterial identification rate than peripheral venous blood culture for the early identification of early-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Umbilical cord blood cultures that showed no growth were reliable predictors of not developing early onset sepsis. Umbilical cord blood culture should be considered as part of the evaluation for early onset sepsis in the preterm infants.

BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CLINICALLY SUSPECTED SEPTICEMIA AMONG NEONATES AND THE ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF THEIR ISOLATES: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF JHARKHAND

Objectives: Neonatal septicemia is a generalized bacterial infection that occurs during the first 4 weeks of life and is one of the four primary causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in India. This study aims to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolates from blood cultures of suspected septicemic neonates in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-eight blood samples were collected and processed from patients in accordance with standard protocol. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Results: Blood culture results were positive in 44.7% of the patients. Late-onset sepsis was present in 53.92%, and early-onset sepsis was observed in 46.08% of the cases. The best overall sensitivity among Gram-negative isolates was to Amikacin, followed by Gentamycin and Meropenem. Gram-positive isolates had sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, Linezolid, Tetracycline, Vancomycin, and Piperacillin. Conclusion: The most common causes of newborn sepsis in this study were Gram-negative organisms (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii) and Gram-positive organisms (Staphylococcus aureus), the majority of which are antibiotic-resistant.

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of neonatal septicemia in a tertiary care hospital

ABSTRACT Background: Among the various reasons for neonatal mortality, septicemia continues to be a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Incidence varies from country to country, but it is much higher in developing countries than in developed countries. In India, the incidence of blood culture-proven sepsis was reported as 8.5 per 1000 live births. The bacteriological profile for causative organisms of neonatal sepsis differs significantly between developed and developing countries. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common bacterial agent in developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the common bacterial agents causing neonatal sepsis from the tertiary care hospital and their antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. Methods: About 150 blood samples of suspected cases of neonatal septicemia admitted in NICU. Bacterial identification and speciation were done by standard laboratory procedures. Isolates and susceptibility were performed on Automation system. Results: Ninety-one babies presented within the first 72 h of life constituting early-onset sepsis, whereas 59 presented as late-onset sepsis. Among the 150 samples, blood culture was positive in 47 samples. Out of 47 culture-positive cases, 27 (58%) were Gram-negative bacilli, 18 (38%) were Gram-positive cocci, and two (4%) were fungal isolate. K. pneumoniae was the most commonly isolated Gram-negative bacilli. Conclusion: Neonatal septicemia is a life-threatening emergency and rapid treatment with antibiotics is mandatory for favorable outcomes. There is also a need for regular periodic surveillance of the causative organisms of neonatal sepsis as well as their antibiotic susceptibility patterns to inform the choice of empirical antibiotic prescription while awaiting blood culture results.

Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance of Semen Infections among Infertility Cases before and during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study

Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance of Semen Infections among Infertility Cases before and during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of patients with urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital in a tertiary care center

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of patients with urinary tract infections in a tertiary care hospital in a tertiary care center

Bacteriological Profile of Common Lab Contaminants Responsible for Spoilage in Biological Laboratory

In biological laboratories, contamination can arise from various sources, including airborne particles, equipment, reagents, and human error. Common contaminants responsible for spoilage in biological laboratories include bacteria, fungi, virus etc. Bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment and can contaminate laboratory samples, cultures, and media. There is a possibility of transferring microorganisms from one laboratory to the other during the course of activities that involves moving of materials. In this present work we had been identify three bacterial species like Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus Sp. which responsible for lab spoilage. Therefore measures like cleaning of lab, using protective gears, autoclaving of glassware needed to minimize lab contamination.