Bacteriological Assessment Research Articles

Bacteriological Assessment of Some Food Meals Served in Egyptian Hotels

Bacteriological Assessment of Some Food Meals Served in Egyptian Hotels

Bacteriological assessment of the indoor air quality of the lecture rooms in the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria

Bacteriological assessment of the indoor air quality of the lecture rooms in the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Nigeria

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Assessment of Traditional Sorghum Beers in Jimeta, Nigeria

Sorghum beer popularly known as “burukutu” in Nigeria is a traditional beverage whose consumption has been passed down through generations. This beer, consumed while actively fermenting, harbors a diverse array of microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the bacteriological and physicochemical characteristics of traditional sorghum beers sold in Jimeta, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Beer samples were obtained from eight traditional beer joints within the Jimeta metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The physicochemical analysis of the samples revealed titratable acidity ranging from 0.91% to 2.65%, pH values from 4.20 to 4.50, total reducing sugars from 10.1 mg/mL to 15.0 mg/mL, ethanol content from 3.12% to 4.69%, and total solids from 6.50 mg/mL to 7.60 mg/mL. The total bacterial count, determined using aerobic plate count, ranged from 8.0 × 10² to 1.0 × 1010 CFU/mL. Pure cultures from each sample were identified through cultural characteristics, Gram staining, motility, and biochemical tests including citrate utilization, catalase, indole, urease, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and coagulase. Total of 44 isolates were identified, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. being the most prevalent (8 isolates), followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6 isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter sp. (4 isolates), and Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Serratia sp. and Proteus mirabilis (2 isolates). The presence of these potential pathogens raises great concerns about the safety of these beers. Improved sanitary practices during production, handling and serving are necessary to ensure consumer safety.

Bacteriological assessment of sediments from catfish ponds in Monai, Southern Basin of Kainji Lake, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.

Bacteriological assessment of sediments from catfish ponds in Monai, Southern Basin of Kainji Lake, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria.

Bacteriological Assessment of Ready-To-Eat Foods Sold in Baze University Student Cafeteria

Although foods can be easily contaminated by naturally occurring microbes or pathogens by any means possible, safe eating is considered as a basic human right. In this study, the bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods sold within the Baze University campus were assessed. Ready-to-eat food samples including spaghetti, fried rice, jollof rice, yam and moi-moi were bought from different major food vending sites to the student and staff community within the university. The Bacterial species were isolated from food samples and the isolates were identified using standard microbiological procedures. The ability of the isolates to produce hemolysins and lyse blood cells was investigated with hemolysis test and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined with the following antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin and Gentamicin. The sensitivity and resistance of the isolates to these antibiotics were observed and recorded. A total of six (6) different bacterial species including Corynebacterium spp. (31.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (26.3%), Streptococcus (10.5%), Micrococcus spp. (10.5%), Lactobacillus spp. (15.8) and Micrococcus varians (5.3%) were isolated and identified. The isolates also showed varying reactions to hemolysis and some were highly resistant to common antibiotics, signaling their tendency to initiate foodborne illness. The study concluded that while these sites are necessary in meeting the needs of the university community, it is important that adequate safety measures be enforced to reduce the spread of pathogenic bacterial contaminants in RTE foods and enhance the wellbeing of consumers.

Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality assessment of some selected sachet water brands produced in Gwale local government Area, Kano Nigeria

The proliferation of sachet water products has been fuelled by the rising demand for clean, safe drinking water in areas where access to potable water sources remains a challenge. Unfortunately, some of the sachet water producers fail to adhere to the standards set by regulatory agencies, resulting in potential health risk for the unsuspecting consumers. Therefore, critical investigation of the various parameters of these water products is needed to determine whether they meet the safety standards established by regulatory agencies. Thirty (30) different brands of sachet water (15 NAFDAC registered and 15 non-NAFDAC registered) were randomly collected (n=3) from producers in Gwale Local Government Area, Kano Nigeria to assess their physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. The parameters were determined using standard methods. The mean results of the temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, chloride and total hardness of the NAFDAC registered samples were found to be in the range of 25.9-29.7 oC, 6.8-7.2, 0.1-1.2 NTU, 11.0-41.8µs/cm,15.0-25.1 mg/L and 2.0-17.6 mg/L respectively, while for the non-NAFDAC registered samples, the mean range were found to be 25.8-30.8 oC, 6.6-8.7, 0.5-2.2 NTU, 13.6-46.8 µs/cm, 17.0 23.0mg/L and 15.8-25.3 mg/L for the same parameters respectively. These results are in compliance with the standards set by the National Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) except pH values of 8.7 found in some non-NAFDAC registered samples which were a bit higher than the recommended limits. Some non- NAFDAC registered samples were found to contain aerobic mesophilic bacteria, though below the limit set by the aforementioned regulatory agencies. Statistically, there is significant difference (p>2.326) between the NAFDAC registered and the non-NAFDAC registered samples in aerobic mesophilic bacterial count but there is no significant difference in terms of coliform count between the two groups (p< 2.326). This finding highlights the need for regular microbiological monitoring so as to ensure public health safety.

Hydrocarbon Degradation and Biodegraders in Oil Spillage Sites in Port Harcourt

Information on remediation of soils polluted from the activities of artisanal crude oil refining is lacking. The functional capability of the indigenous microbial community and prospects for recovery of important bio-resources has also not been explored. The aim of this study was to identify the hydrocarbon biodegrader present in oil spillage sites in Port Harcourt. Samples were taken from various sites (labelled ss1, ss2, ss3 and controls) in Port Harcourt and the samples were transported to the lab for bacteriological assessment. The samples were cultured in Nutrient agar and Basal Salt Medium (BSM). The total heterotrophic bacteria counts were enumerated by serially diluting the fluid sample. Microbial characterization was done based on morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. From the results, Pseudomonas species and Bacillus species were the probable isolated from the culture of hydrocarbon contaminated environment. The results also revealed increased compared to the control organism that maintained the same growth level throughout the 5 days of incubation, the isolated bacteria (Pseudomonas species and Bacillus species) had steady bacterial growth. This study has shown that Bacillus species and Pseudomonas aeroginosa are potential agents of bioremediation of environmental hydrocarbon pollution.

Bacteriological assessment of lactic acid bacteria in the last stage effluents from cassava and Ogi production

Bacteriological assessment of lactic acid bacteria in the last stage effluents from cassava and Ogi production

Antibiogram and Bacteriological Assessment of Raw Meat Sold in Owerri, Southeast Nigeria

This study assessed the antibiogram and bacteriological assessment of raw meat sold in Owerri. Samples of fresh beef were taken from beef vendors from three (3) markets; Relief market, Ekeonuwa market and Amakohia market in Owerri, Imo State. Three samples each weighing 100g were aseptically collected in sterile polythene pouches, sealed and transported in ice to the Imo State University Microbiological Laboratory for microbiologic alanalysis within some few hours of collection. The results of this study showed that the total heterotropic bacteria counts of ranged from 3.72× 105cfu/g - 4.2 × 105cfu/g , the coliform bacterial counts ranged from 1.9 × 105cfu/g - 2.7 × 105cfu/g while the total salmonella shigella count ranged from 0cfu/g -4.12x103cfu/g. Bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 50 bacterial isolates obtained, E. coli [15 (27.7)] and Staphylococcus spp [15 (27.7)] were the prevalent isolates. Other bacterial pathogens incriminated in this study were Salmonella spp [9(18.0)], Bacillus spp [7(14.0), and Streptococus spp [4 (8.0)].Most of the Gram-positive bacteria were highly susceptible to ceftizoxime and the Gram-negative to gentamicin and cefotaxime. E. coli, was susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam (71% susceptibility), cefotaxime (71%), ciprofloxacin (94%), chloramphenicol (94%), ceftizoxime (100%), ofloxacin (82%), and amikacin (100%). S. aureus was susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam (75%), cephalexin (75%), cefotaxime (100%), roxithromycin (75%), lincomycin (75%), and gentamicin (100%). Bacterial quality of fresh beef sold in Owerri has shown that beef sold in Owerri is contaminated with Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. but the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was low.This findings shall guide clinicians in the management of food poisoning/enteritis from possible meat consumption. Effective supervision and health education of meat sellers and their abbatoirs is highly recommended.

Bacteriological and Mycological Assessments of Second-Hand Wears Procured From Girei And Jimeta Markets, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study investigates into the microbial contamination of second-hand clothes, highlighting their potential role in infection transmission. The research highlights the significant phosphate-solubilizing activity of these native strains, which enhances phosphorus availability to plants through the secretion of organic acids and enzymes. The findings underscore the need for public health interventions, including the washing and disinfection of second-hand clothing to mitigate the risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Full Abstract Used clothes can potentially be an element in the chain of infection transmission during normal daily activities. Second-hand wear is among such used clothes purchased by many people and used directly without considering any attending health implications. This study, therefore, examined the level of microbial contamination of second-hand clothes and the association between the different categories of the clothes and microbial contaminants. Second-hand clothes such as shirts, trousers, vests, socks, and shoes were bought from three Markets in Girei, Yola North and Yola South. Isolation of organisms was carried out via Standard Plate Count. Isolates were identified using morphology and appropriate biochemical methods. A chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05 significant) was done to analyze some of the data obtained. Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was also determined using the Kirby-Bauer method. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus. Other bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas spp and E. coli. A total of four fungal species were isolated. These are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton rubrum. Trousers had the highest bacterial count (1.10 x103 CFU/mL) and fungal count (8.00 x104 CFU/mL). The data obtained shows no significant association between fungal species and the categories of clothes with (P = 0.15), but there is a significant association between bacterial species isolated and the categories of clothes analyzed (P = 0.02). S. aureus was susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%) and erythromycin (92.8%), while Pseudomonas sp and E. coli were most susceptible to ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin (100%). The least susceptibility was observed with amoxicillin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. It became obvious that these clothes are possible carriers of antibiotic-resistant pathogens for skin and other infections. Washing and disinfecting second-hand wear before use may be important in minimizing the potential health implications associated with the isolated pathogens.

Bacteriological Quality of Borehole Water in Gusau Metropolis

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study is novel as it presents the first extensive bacteriological assessment of borehole water quality in Gusau metropolis, highlighting significant public health concerns. By analyzing multiple contamination indicators including total bacterial load, total coliform, fecal coliform, and Salmonella-Shigella counts, this research provides a detailed and comprehensive evaluation of water safety. Furthermore, the identification of specific bacterial contaminants such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella spp., combined with the finding that contamination levels exceed WHO standards, underscores the urgent need for water treatment interventions to prevent waterborne diseases. Full Abstract Microbes are ubiquitous and are known to contaminate materials, including food and water. We examined the bacteriological quality of borehole water in Gusau metropolis to determine its potability. Triplicate samples were collected from fifteen (15) different boreholes and analyzed. The total bacterial load, total coliform, fecal coliform, and Salmonella-Shigella count were determined using the membrane filtration technique. The average counts were as follows: total bacteria ranged from 6×10^1 cfu/ml to 39×10^1 cfu/ml, total coliform count from 3×10^1 cfu/ml to 65×10^1 cfu/ml, fecal coliform count from 1×10^0 cfu/ml to 4×10^0 cfu/ml, and Salmonella-Shigella count from 0 cfu/ml to 4×10^0 cfu/ml. The isolated organisms were identified as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella spp. The predominant bacterial isolate was Escherichia coli. Our study indicated that the bacteriological quality exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) allowable limits of 0 cfu/100ml for total bacterial load, total coliform count, fecal coliform count, and Salmonella-Shigella count due to the underground aquifers. Therefore, we recommend that borehole water sources be adequately treated before consumption to reduce the risk of waterborne diseases.

Bacteriological Assessment of Lake Water samples in Raipur, Chhattisgarh: A Comprehensive Analysis of Water Samples

Abstract: The assessment of water quality is crucial, relying on both physico-chemical and microbiological standards. A comprehensive understanding of these parameters is essential to guide quality maintenance. Bacterial activity plays a pivotal role in decomposition, significantly influencing nutrient turnover and contributing to the biogeochemical cycle's foundation. Microbial diversity and dominance are integral to the biogeochemical cycle. However, bacterial and viral diseases transmitted through water, such as cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis, pose significant health risks during monsoon and summer seasons. Different regions adhere to various standards for water and potable water. Lakes play a vital role in determining groundwater quality, the primary source of potable water for rural populations, often consumed with minimal treatment. The quality of lake water is a matter of concern for public health, particularly due to the presence of indicator bacteria such as fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, fecal staphylococci, and Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, lake water samples were meticulously analyzed for various bacterial loads, including total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. These bacterial indicators not only serve as determinants of water quality but also raise serious concerns about the health of humans and animals relying on these water bodies. In summary, this research delves into the microbiological aspects of water quality in lakes, emphasizing the significance of bacterial indicators and their potential impact on public health. The findings contribute valuable insights for developing strategies to safeguard water quality and mitigate health risks associated with waterborne diseases.

Physicochemical and bacteriological assessment of the polyethene packaged sachet water (popularly called “pure water”) as a major source of drinking water in Sagamu, Ogun State, Southwest, Nigeria

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics of polyethylene-packaged sachet water, commonly known as "pure water," produced and distributed in the Sagamu local government area of Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. The research involved analyzing sachet water samples from various producers, sources, and distributors to assess their quality. Samples were collected randomly from six different locations/towns within Sagamu Local Government and subjected to physicochemical and bacteriological analysis. The findings were compared with the permissible limits established by reputable organizations such as WHO, EPA, Canada, and NIS. The results indicated that most parameters fell within the acceptable range set by WHO, EPA, Canada, and NIS. However, the pH levels of the sachet water samples (ranging from 4.73 to 6.10) were found to be acidic, deviating from the expected range of 6.5 to 10.5. Additionally, while the Total Heterotrophic Bacteria count and Enteric Bacteria count were slightly lower than the permissible limits, with Total Enteric Bacteria ranging from 300 to 480 cfu/100ml (permissible limit <500cfu/100ml) and Enteric Bacteria ranging from 280 to 380 cfu/100ml. Recommendations derived from the study include advocating for water-producing industries to establish their raw water sources in contamination-free zones, encouraging the involvement of well-equipped private and government hospitals in monitoring and reporting on the water quality of packaging industries, promoting the provision of safe piped water by credible individuals within communities, and emphasizing the role of regulatory bodies like SON and NAFDAC in continuously assessing the production and packaging standards of drinking water across communities.

Regression Analysis of Concrete Produced from Selected Wastewater Types

This study investigates the effects of using various wastewater types on the strength characteristics of concrete through regression analysis. Given the construction industry's substantial freshwater consumption and the increasing scarcity of potable water, the research explores the viability of substituting wastewater in concrete production. Materials tested include cement, aggregates, and wastewater from kitchen, laundry, fish-pond, and paint industry, alongside potable water for control. Comprehensive tests on these materials, including physical, chemical, and bacteriological assessments, preceded the concrete mixing and casting process. The study involved curing concrete specimens and performing compressive and tensile strength tests at intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Results indicated that while concrete made with potable water exhibited superior performance, wastewaters significantly influenced the mechanical properties of concrete, with potable water achieving the highest compressive and tensile strengths. Regression analysis confirmed a substantial impact of curing duration on strength development. The research concludes that water quality is crucial for concrete performance and suggests potable water for optimal strength, though wastewaters present a potential alternative, highlighting the need for further evaluation and adherence to quality standards.

Physico-Chemical Parameters and Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Some Domestic Water Sources in Pankshin LGA of Plateau State Nigeria

Due to human activity and other natural influences, drinking water is seldom found in 100% pure forms in nature. Drinking polluted water is a major source of sickness in underdeveloped nations. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and standard methodologies for the investigation of water and wastewater were followed in the analysis of the collected water samples, which were conducted using automated instrumental methods. The obtained results indicated that the samples used had the following ranges of concentrations: SO42- ranges from ND to 19.00 mg/L; NO3- ranges from 4.40 to 100.32 mg/L; PO42- from 2.02-11,34 mg/L; pH 6.64 to 7.70; Cd from 0.0020 ± 0.001 to 0245 ± 0.01 mg/L; Ni, from 0.0074 ± 0.003 to 0.848 ± 0.021 mg/L; Cr, ND to 0.386 ± 0.082 mg/L; Pb ND to 0.428 ± 0.003 mg/L; total bacteria count TaBC, 4 x 102 to 3.3 x 104 CFU/mL. Most of the physicochemical parameters were above acceptable limits. The bacteriological study of the water samples also revealed that the water samples were all polluted with bacteria and coliforms. From the foregoing, these drinking water sources, therefore require treatment before consumption to minimize or avoid the incidences of water-related diseases.

Smelly shark, smelly ray: what is infecting you?

Although elasmobranchs are consumed worldwide, bacteriological assessments for this group are still sorely lacking. In this context, this study assessed bacteria of sharks and rays from one of the most important landing ports along the Rio de Janeiro coast. Bacteria were isolated from the cloacal swabs of the sampled elasmobranchs. They were cultured, and Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. The isolated bacteria were then biochemically identified and antimicrobial susceptibility assays were performed. Antigenic characterizations were performed for Salmonella spp. and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were performed to identify Escherichia coli pathotypes. Several bacteria of interest in the One Health context were detected. The most prevalent Enterobacterales were Morganella morganii and Citrobacter freundii, while Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio fluvialis were the most prevalent among Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas allosacharophila and Aeromonas veronii bv. veronii were the most frequent among Aeromonas spp. Several bacteria also displayed antimicrobial resistance, indicative of Public Health concerns. A total of 10% of Vibrio strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 40% displayed intermediate resistance to cefoxitin. Salmonella enterica strains displayed intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin. All V. cholerae strains were identified as non-O1/non-O139. The detected E. coli strains did not exhibit pathogenicity genes. This is the first study to perform serology assessments for S. enterica subsp. enterica isolated from elasmobranchs, identifying the zoonotic Typhimurium serovar. Salmonella serology evaluations are, therefore, paramount to identify the importance of elasmobranchs in the epidemiological salmonellosis chain. The detection of several pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria may pose significant Public Health risks in Brazil, due to high elasmobranch consumption rates, indicating the urgent need for further bacteriological assessments in this group.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological, bacteriological, and overall water quality of the Damodar River, India.

Assessing river water quality is crucial for human and ecological needs because of the deterioration of the river and escalated water pollution under the threats of anthropogenic activities. In order to assess river water quality, the Damodar River water was evaluated from the perspectives of spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological (organic pollution index or OPI and eutrophication index or EI), bacteriological (coliform count and comprehensive bathing water quality index or CBWQI), and overall water quality assessments (water quality index or WQI and comprehensive pollution index or CPI). The OPI reveals that 44.66% of water samples have heavy organic pollution; however, EI depicts that almost all water samples of Damodar River have severe eutrophication, especially in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Moreover, the fecal coliform count and CBWQI indicate the unsuitability of river water for bathing. The overall WQI portrays that 21.56%, 33.59%, and 22.47% of water samples have heavy pollution in pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon, respectively. Moreover, 73.39% of water samples have low CPI indicating slight comprehensive pollution. This study also reveals that the pollution level in the Damodar River downstream of the Durgapur barrage is high among the other stations. The major reasons behind the severe contamination of Damodar River water are urban-industrial and agricultural effluents mixing into the river that lead to higher concentrations of BOD, DO, fecal coliform, COD, fluoride TSS, and turbidity in the river water. Thus, this study carries appreciated information on policy recommendations for the different stakeholders of the Damodar River basin including regional planners, agri-engineers, and ecological river engineers for sustainable river management.

Hydrogeochemical and bacteriological assessments of groundwater quality in Iworoko, Southwestern Nigeria

Hydrogeochemical and bacteriological assessments of groundwater quality in Iworoko, Southwestern Nigeria

Bacteriological assessment of kunu-zaki sold in selected communities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Kunu-zaki is a fermented beverage sold in Nigeria; often prepared under unsafe conditions, predisposing it to pathogen contaminations. The bacteria associated with Kunu-zaki sold in the different area of Port Harcourt and an antibiogram of the pathogens was determined using standard methods involving nutrient agar, Salmonella-Shigella agar, Thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar, Eosin-Methylene blue agar and Mueller Hinton agar. The counts for kunu-zaki obtained from Choba, Mile 1, Rumuodara and Rumuokoro ranged from 2.87±0.11 to 5.39±0.19, 4.50±0.27 to 5.46±0.38, 4.02±0.54 to 5.96±0.27 and 4.24±1.13 to 5.94±0.22 log10cfu/ml, respectively. The confirmation of the isolates as: Staphylococcus spp. (27%), Lactobacillus spp. (20%), Streptococcus spp. (17%), Bacillus spp. (17%), E. coli (10%), and Shigella at (10%) was based on cultural and biochemical characteristics. The Gram-negative bacteria were 100% susceptible to pefloxacin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and tarivid while the Gram-positive bacteria isolates showed varying resistance to the antibiotics with Staphylococcus being the most susceptible. The occurrence of the antibiotic resistance isolates possess danger for potential consumers, hence the need to improve the production process.

Bacteriological Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in Keystone (Male) Hostel, University of Benin, Benin City

This study examined and identified the level of bacteria present in the hostel to evaluate the potential health hazards for the residents and establish guidelines for controlling indoor air quality. Six (6) rooms were sampled out of 25 rooms at the keystone hostel, each with a height of 10 feet, and an average dimension of 9 feet by 10 feet. The study was done in July and November, 2023. Passive air sampling of settle plate method was employed. The isolates were identified using standard cultural and biochemical identification method. The outcome revealed that the concentration of bacteria isolates rose as media exposure time increased. In July, the maximum bacteria concentration was observed in room 37 at 20min (21.5 x 102CFU/m3) and the minimum in room 49 at 20 min (0.02 x 102 CFU/m3. The concentration of bacteria in room 48 at 20 min was (0.1 x 102 CFU/m3), room 47 at 20 min (11.0 x 102 CFU/m3), room 38 at 20 min (16.5 x 102 CFU/m3), room 39 at 20 min (10.5 x 102 CFU/m3), While for the month of November, the highest bacteria concentration was seen in room 37 at 20min (26.5 x 102 CFU/m3) and the least at room 49 at 20 min (0.09 x 102 CFU/m3). The concentration of bacteria at other room 48 at 20 min (0.3 x 102 CFU/m3), room 47 at 20 min (13.5 x 102 CFU/m3), room 38 at 20 min (19.2 x 102 CFU/m3), room 39 at 20 min (15.1 x 102 CFU/m3). A total of seven (7) distinct bacteria species: Escherichia coli (60%), Staphylococcus aureus (100%), Streptococcus pyogenes (50%), Bacillus cerus (30%), Seratia marcescens (30%), Klebsiella spp (50%) and Proteus spp (50%) were isolated and identified in four rooms ( 37, 38, 39, and 47), with six occupants each, while room 48 and 49 had two occupants respectively; hence bacterial load were relatively non-significant. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus cerus were identified as the most pathogenic isolates seen in the rooms under study. The study highlights the potential impact of occupancy levels on microbial presence within indoor spaces. The results shows that students in rooms 37, 38, 39 and 47 have a high risk of health and disease implications due to poor ventilation and overcrowding, unlike the students in rooms 48 and 49 with low risk of infectious diseases. Therefore, the study recommends a periodic indoor air quality assessment in the students’ hostel, implementation of good health hygiene practices, maintaining environmental sanitation and managing the environmental factors that supports the multiplication of the bacteria especially in the dry season are crucial to preventing the spread of diseases in the hostel.