Bacteriological Studies Research Articles

Comparative efficacy of new combined drugs against complicated otodectic mange in small domestic animals

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two veterinary drugs («Inspector ear drops» and «Rolf Club 3D ear drops») to treat dogs and cats for otodectic mange complicated by otitis media of bacterial etiology.Materials and methods. A total of 36 animals participated in the studies. The studies were carried out at the VNIIP – FSC VIEV. The diagnosis was confirmed comprehensively from epidemiological data, clinical signs and laboratory tests. Microscopy of scrapings taken from the inner surface of the ears was performed to detect Otodectes cynotis. Bacteriological and mycological examination of ear canal discharge was conducted according to established procedures. Ear canal otoscopic examination was performed using a veterinary otoscope. For therapeutic purposes, the experimental animals were treated with «Inspector ear drops» and «Rolf Club 3D ear drops» as per instructions for use.Results and discussion. The initial comprehensive clinical examination diagnosed otodectic mange in all animals as complicated by acute otitis media of bacterial etiology. On treatment day 8, the animals showed a positive effect of the studied drugs; clinical signs of the disease reduced significantly. In a repeated clinical examination on day 11, most animals showed clinical recovery that was confirmed by negative bacteriological and mycological studies. Acarological studies showed no mites on days 8 and 14-15. However, the course of treatment was extended to 14 days for two dogs, after which their complete clinical recovery was observed. After the end of the study, the animals from the control group were treated with «Rolf Club 3D ear drops». Thus, an assessment of the results revealed that the drugs for veterinary use, «Inspector ear drops» and «Rolf Club 3D ear drops» showed an identical therapeutic effect in dogs and cats against otodectic mange complicated by acute bacterial otitis media.

БОЛЕЗНИ ПРОХОДНЫХ ЛОСОСЁВЫХ РЫБ ПРИ ИСКУССТВЕННОМ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАЙНЕГО СЕВЕРА ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА

Replenishment of fish stocks by increasing the release of juveniles during artificial fish farming is currently an urgent problem in the Far North of the Far East. In 1995-2003; 2021, an epizootological survey of natural spawning grounds and fish farming enterprises located in the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea basin was conducted: Ola, Arman, Taui, Yana, Iret, Ola experimental production acclimatization base, Armansky, Taui, Yansky salmon hatcheries. The aim is to study bacterial and protozoal diseases of passing salmonids in artificial fish farming. The novelty of the research is that for the first time in the waters of the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea basin, bacterial and parasitic diseases were detected in passing salmon fish in natural reservoirs during anadromous migration and artificial fish farming. In pink salmon, chum salmon, coho salmon, sockeye salmon, Aeromonas hydrophila culture isolated from blood and internal organs turned out to be virulent. Aeromonosis was established for the first time in passing salmon fish of natural populations. As a result of bacteriological studies, Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria were isolated from different batches of fertilized eggs, yolk sac of larvae, ascitic fluid of the abdominal cavity of juveniles. Due to the detection of the invasion of juvenile fish Trichodina truttae and Myxosoma cerebralis, which amounted to 10.0-46.5%, trichodyniosis and myxosomiasis were registered. The ways of transmission of infection to fish farms have been established. Fertilized eggs are infected from producers on spawning rivers during the selection of sexual products. The epizootological situation of aeromonosis, trichodyniosis and myxozomiasis is recognized as unfavorable. The method of diagnosis of bacterial diseases of salmonids at fish-breeding enterprises of the region has been improved.

Burn Wound Healing Activity of Hydroxyethylcellulose Gels with Different Water Extracts Obtained from Various Medicinal Plants in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Infected Rabbits.

Burn injuries represent a significant problem in clinical practice due to the high risk of infection and the prolonged healing process. Recently, more attention has been given to natural remedies such as water extracts of various medicinal plants, which possess anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Satureja montana L. and other water extracts in a burn wound model. The study involved male Californian rabbits (n = 52) divided into eight groups. Burn wounds were modeled on the animals and subsequently treated with gels based on Satureja montana L. and other water extracts. The reparative potential of the epidermis (assessed by Ki-67 expression), the state of local immunity (measured by the number of CD-45 cells), and the anti-inflammatory role of mast cells (measured by tryptase levels) were evaluated. Bacteriological and morphological studies were conducted. The most pronounced bactericidal, reparative, and immunostimulatory effects were observed after the treatment using a gel mixture of water extracts from Satureja montana L., Salvia sclarea, Coriandrum sativum L., and Lavandula angustifolia in equal proportions (1:1:1:1). The other gels also demonstrated high efficacy in treating burn wounds, especially when using a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to several antibiotics. Immunohistochemical studies showed a significant increase in the number of Ki-67-positive cells in the basal layer of the epidermis and a decrease in the number of CD-45-positive cells, indicating improved proliferative activity and reduced inflammation. This study confirms the hypothesis that the use of water extract mixtures significantly enhances the reparative potential, improves the immune response in the treatment of burns, and promotes wound healing. These findings pave the way for further research and the application of complex phytotherapeutic agents, specifically water extracts of medicinal plants containing phenols and antioxidants in burn wound therapy.

Assessment of the Drinking Water Quality in Shendam Local Government Area of Southern Senatorial District of Plateau State, Nigeria

Introduction: Access to clean water is fundamental to human health. The importance of water to human’s health and wellbeing is encapsulated in the human right to water, reaffirmed by the united nation in 2010. The, aim of this study was to assessed the quality of drinking water in Shendam Local Government Area of Plateau State Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: The water samples were collected from Shendam Local Government Area of Plateau State Nigeria. 20 samples of the water were collected in the month of May from different locations within the study area. Methodology: The samples were analyzed using automated instrumental methods prescribed by standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 2010). Results: The results showed SO42- range from ND to 69.00mg/L; pH 6.93 to 7.69; NO3- 4.40 to 113.08 mg/L; PO42- 1.48 to 69.00 mg/L; Cd range from 0.002 ± 0.03 to 0.036 ± 0.005 mg/L; Ni, from 0.002 ± 0.010 to 0.162 ± 0.013 mg/L; Cr, ND to 0.337 ± 0.051 mg/L; Pb 0.012 ± 0.002 to 0.213 ± 0.029 mg/L. The calculated average daily intake (ADI) for Cd, Ni, Cr and Pb were within acceptable limits while the hazard quotients (HQ) for some of the metals were >1, while some are < 1 signifying that some of the population would experience non-cancer risks due to exposure to these metals in drinking water. The bacteriological study of the water samples also revealed that the water samples were all polluted with bacteria and coliforms. Conclusion: From the foregoing, these drinking water sources, therefore require treatment before consumption to minimize or avoid the incidences of water-related diseases.

Urine microbiota in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and approaches to its detection

Introduction. There is evidence of a connection between infectious and inflammatory lesions of the lower urinary tract and bladder cancer (BCa). However, there is virtually no data on the urine microbiota of middle-aged and elderly men with suspected BCa. This knowledge is extremely important from the point of view of studying the role of the infectious-inflammatory hypothesis in the genesis of BCa.Objective. To conduct a comparative assessment of the microbiota of bladder urine obtained during natural urination and bladder catheterization through standard and extended cultural studies in men with a presumptive diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Materials & methods. The prospective comparative study with consecutive patient recruitment included 23 men older than 45 years with suspected NMIBC based on clinical, laboratory and sonographic data, as well as with no history of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, including sexually transmitted infections and recurrent infections of other organs and systems. A midstream urine samples and catheter-drained urine immediately before urethrocystoscopy were subjected to bacteriological analysis. Urine culture study was carried out using a standard set of nutrient media under aerobic cultivation conditions and an expanded set of nutrient media under aerobic and anaerobic cultivation conditions.Results. An anaerobic spectrum of microorganisms was predominantly detected in the urine of patients with suspected NMIBC. Moreover, Peptococcus spp. was more often found among anaerobic taxa. (70%), Eubacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp. (45% each, respectively), among representatives of the aerobes — Corynebacterium spp. (60%), S. lentus (up to 45%), S. haemolyticus (35%) and E. faecalis (30%). Data from a comparative analysis of the detection frequencies of microorganisms depending on the method of collecting material and the set of media for cultivation showed that more isolates are isolated in the midstream urine samples than in the study of catheter urine (2.9- and 1.9-fold with the standard and extended sets of media, respectively). In addition, when performing an extended bacteriological study compared to the standard method, the detection of microorganisms is 3.5-fold higher when examining an average portion of urine and 5.1-fold higher when examining catheter urine. The average number of microorganisms per one patient is also higher when using the extended method (midstream portion — 4.7 ± 1.9; catheterised urine — 2.3 ± 1.0) in comparison with the standard one (midstream portion — 1.3 ± 0.9; catheterised urine — 0.3 ± 0.5).Conclusion. Middle-aged and older men with NMIBC are characterized by asymptomatic bacteriuria in the form of a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. The urine pattern obtained with a urethral catheter contains a significantly narrower range of bacteria compared to the sample obtained through natural urination. It is advisable to carry out an extended cultural urine examination to study the characteristics of the microbiota / microbiome of the urine of the bladder immediately before the urethrocystoscopy procedure by collecting urine with a urethral catheter.

Impression fracture of the lateral condyle of tibial plateau complicated by acute peri-implant infection: a case report

Introduction. Deep infection after open osteosynthesis of tibial plateau fractures occurs in 9.9%. This rate is significantly higher than in surgical treatment of closed injuries of other localizations. Many authors consider it necessary to improve management protocols for patients with complex plateau fractures in order to minimize or prevent the development of infectious complications. Aims of the study: 1) to discuss the treatment tactics of a patient with an intraarticular fracture of the tibial plateau after osteosynthesis complicated by the development of early deep surgical site infection (SSI), using clinical case as an example; 2) to carry out the analysis of medical care defects. Case description. A 71-year-old patient with compromised somatic status underwent osteosynthesis with a buttress plate and allogeneic bone grafting of the metaphyseal defect on the 12th day after injury. In 7 days after the occurrence of signs of infection, a revision surgery was performed. Later, a number of consecutive revisions were performed due to recurrences of the infectious process. The complex of measures against SSI included the use of vacuum drainage systems and antibacterial spacers. As a result, the wounds had healed. Two years after the injury, the patient had a good functional result. Conclusion. The presented clinical case has shown that even if the treatment tactic for early peri-implant infection is chosen correctly, there are several defects in our routine practice. First of all, inaccurate sampling of material for bacteriological study and inadequate duration of antibacterial therapy are to be mentioned. To successfully treat infectious complications of osteosynthesis, a team of like-minded specialists including traumatologists as well as physicians, microbiologists and clinical pharmacologists is needed. Undoubtedly, surgical treatment of fractures might develop into infectious complications. Their diagnosis and treatment are often accompanied by a number of various mistakes. The most important points are early radical revision of the postoperative wound, etiotropic antibacterial therapy, maintaining stability of fixation after primary osteosynthesis. If these standards are complied with, the outcome of surgical treatment might be satisfying even with such a severe complication as peri-implant infection. At the same time, we are planning further researches aimed at improving algorithms and tactics for surgical treatment of infectious complications, reducing surgery trauma level and upgrading quality of primary osteosynthesis.

Chronic pyogenic spondylitis in patients with spinal gout: a case series and literature review

Background. Spinal gout is a rare and poorly described group of noninfectious inflammatory spinal lesions characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the epidural space, paravertebral soft tissues, and by facet joints damage. There is no systematized data on the course of infectious spondylitis and spinal gout in the literature. The aim of the study — to present long-term outcomes of surgical treatment of chronic pyogenic spondylitis in patients with spinal gout and systematize the literature data on the issue. Methods. The clinical part of the study included 6 consecutively operated patients in the period from 2018 to 2021. The diagnosis of spinal gout and chronic pyogenic spondylitis was verified according to the results of histologic and bacteriologic studies of surgical material. Catamnesis accounted for at least 12 months. We studied the peculiarities of clinical and laboratory, radiological and histologic manifestations of the disease. Literature data systematization was carried out in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY from 2013 to 2023. Inclusion criteria: level of evidence II B-IV, catamnesis more or equal to 6 months, information on diagnostic and treatment measures. Results. The average age of the patients was 55±9 years. The duration of the diagnostic pause was 8±5 years. Multisegmented lesions of the lumbar (n = 6) spine prevailed. According to the classification of Pola E. et al. (2017) the following types of spondylitis were identified: B.3 (n = 1), C.1 (n = 1), C.3 (n = 2) and C.4 (n = 2). The clinical manifestation was dominated by chronic back pain with an intensity of 6,1±1,4 VAS scores. Neurologic disorders of the lower extremities and pelvic (ASIA scale) corresponded to types B (n = 1) and C (n = 4). The type of surgery: three-column reconstruction through combined approach in 2 cases and isolated anterior column reconstruction in 2 cases, 360° fusion in 1 case, and debridement of the epidural space and anterior column through posterior approach in 1 case. The follow-up results show the absence of recurrence of spondylitis in 4 cases, in 2 patients there were postoperative complications that required revision, after which no recurrence of spondylitis was noted. We selected 17 publications for literature review. Conclusion. The combination of chronic pyogenic spondylitis and spinal gout is a rare and poorly described pathology in the literature. Long therapeutic pause, chronic character of vertebrogenic pain syndrome in combination with increased uric acid level and formation of tophi of vertebral localization are distinctive features of the disease. Neurologic disorders with the combination of spondylitis and gout result from stenosis of the spinal canal due to two factors — epidural abscesses and tophi. Achieving local control of the combined pathology is possible with a combination of surgical intervention and long-term administration of hypouricemic drugs.

STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF MICROFLORA OF ROOT CANALS IN PRIMARY AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

The problem of chronic focal infection of the pulp and periodontal tissues is relevant for both therapeutic and surgical dentistry. It has been proven that the long-term effect of microbial flora on the filling material, root dentin, periodontium and bone tissue often leads to destructive lesions of the periodontal tissues. Objective: to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of root canals in people with different degrees of manifestation of the inflammatory process. Materials and methods. The article defines the qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora of root canals in acute and chronic periodontitis. A study included 35 patients aged 25 to 35 years who applied to the dental center at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Dnipro State Medical University for treatment. A clinical and bacteriological study was conducted according to WHO recommendations. Root canal contents were collected with a paper sterile pin on Ames transport sterile medium (10 ml). Within 2-3 hours, the material was delivered to the microbiological laboratory for quantitative bacteriological research using anaerobic cultivation techniques. Isolation of pure cultures of anaerobic microorganisms and their subsequent identification was carried out using nutrient media intended for their cultivation. In order to identify aerobic or facultative anaerobic microflora in the studied material, inoculation was carried out on blood agar and sugar agar. Cultures were incubated for 24–72 hours in a thermostat at 37°C. At the second stage, macroand microscopic examination of colonies, smear preparation and Gram staining were performed. Isolation of pure cultures was carried out by generally accepted measures of bacteriological research. On the basis of the data obtained, microorganisms were identified according to the binary nomenclature with the determination of the amount of the selected strain in the material. Results and discussion. In the content of root canals of teeth in chronic and acute forms of periodontitis, pathogens are more often in the composition of microbial associations, which were detected in 61.1% of acute cases, and in 52.9% of chronic cases, respectively. Microbiological research of the content of root canals indicates different intensity and composition of microbial insemination in different forms of periodontitis. Streptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Candidia albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis are more often detected in patients with acute pulpitis, and in patients with chronic forms bacteria from the group of gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacilli Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella intermedia, Streptocoсcus sanguis, Fusobacterium spp., Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the prospect of further research consists in studying the influence of the formation of biological film of microorganisms in various forms of periodontitis and the ability to increase resistance to antibiotics.

Биологическое загрязнение почв побочными продуктами животноводства

By-products of animal husbandry (BPAH) such as manure, manure effluents (ME) are widely used as organic fertilizers. The main disadvantage of the appropriate fertilizers is the high content of microorganisms (MO) untypical to uncontaminated natural environments, including pathogenic ones. Currently used natural methods of BPAH neutralization can significantly reduce the risks of transferring pathogenic and opportunistic MO into fertilized soil, but do not completely exclude them. The study examined the effects of long-term (more than 7 years) introduction of a neutralized liquid fraction (LF) of pork ME and cattle ME on the chemical composition and sanitary and hygienic condition of the soil of arable fields and wooded areas located at 500 m from the boundaries of the fields. Prolonged application of LF led to an increase in the content of organic matter, mobile phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, an increase in the amount of absorbed bases, a decrease in metabolic acidity in arable land compared with adjacent forest areas. However the sanitary condition of both arable land and adjacent territories deteriorated significantly. A significant increase in the total microbial number (TMN) was revealed in all soil samples in comparison to the normative indicators. Particularly high values of TMN were found in soil fertilized with cattle manure. The corresponding soil was characterized by the highest content of organic matter and neutral reactions of the environment, which provided favorable conditions for the active development of saprophytic microbiota. Fresh faecal contamination was detected in all selected soil samples. Soils are characterized as highly polluted. According to the indicators of the index Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens, the soils of all studied sites are moderately dangerous. Higher values of the corresponding indices were found in arable land fertilized by the LF of pork farms and in the territories adjacent to arable land. In the course of sanitary and bacteriological studies, eggs of helminthes were not found in the soil.

Serotype spectrum of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> in children after the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine in Uzbekistan

Assessment of the effect of vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae on the serotype spectrum of pneumococcus.Materials and methods. Bacteriological study of nasopharyngeal mucus of 247 healthy children attending kindergarten, as well as serotyping of the obtained samples. The specific immune response to various serotypes of S. pneumoniae was determined by ELISA.Results. A bacteriological study of nasopharyngeal mucus from 247 healthy children attending kindergarten showed that S. pneumoniae was isolated from 35.6% (20) of practically healthy children. When serotyping the isolated samples, the most common pneumococcal serotypes were 15A/F, 6 A/B, 9 A /V and 9 F, then in frequency 5 and 7 A/F, 23F serotypes. A study of specific antibodies to pneumococcus in vaccinated children showed a high level of immune response. Thus, it was found that vaccination with commercial pneumococcal vaccines protects the majority of vaccinated children. To assess the effectiveness of vaccination, it is necessary to study the circulation of serotypes in children after vaccination.

Mycotic flora characteristics of the endontic flora in patients affected by COVID-19

BACKGROUND: Owing to the fact that, presently, at a dental appointment, it is possible to observe a wide range of consequences arising after COVID-19, among which are observed lesions of the pulp and periodontium of the tooth, additional diagnostic methods should be introduced before choosing treatment tactics. In our previous study, we analyzed the contents of root canals of teeth in patients who had COVID-19 using bacterioscopy. Coccus flora was detected in all cases and elements of Candida yeast-like fungi were recorded in 89 cases (76.1%). Based on the obtained data, it was advantageous to perform microbiological examination of the endodontium in this group of patients to further study their physical and chemical properties and correct the treatment regimen in gangrenous form of chronic pulpitis and aggravated forms of periodontitis, which determined the relevance of the present study. AIM: To reveal the characteristics of the mycotic flora of the endodontium in patients who previously had COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bacteriologic study of root canal contents in patients who had previously undergone a new coronavirus infection at different times, diagnosed as “exacerbation of chronic periodontitis”, “chronic gangrenous pulpitis”, and “acute suppurative periodontitis”, was conducted to detect fungi of the genus Candida in the tooth root canal system, which was obtained during mechanical treatment with a sterile endodontic instrument. The patients (n=49) were divided into groups according to their final diagnosis: group 1, chronic gangrenous pulpitis (27 patients); group 2, acute purulent periodontitis (9 patients); and group 3, exacerbation of chronic periodontitis (13 patients). Then, the collected material was placed in a tube with Amies transport medium and sent to the laboratory. Seeding of the material was performed in sterile Petri dishes on Sabouraud agar by rubbing with a plastic spatula. Further, Petri dishes were placed in the thermostat for 24–48 hours of incubation at 37±10 °C. Then, the study was carried out according to the generally accepted scheme: the obtained cultures were identified to species by the character of growth on dense medium. RESULTS: The given bacteriological study of the patients’ endontic contents confirmed the data of bacterioscopy and concretized the previously obtained results. On final examination, black colonies of Candida albicans were observed in 95.92% of cases. No growth of Candida albicans colonies was observed in two cases (4.08%). CONCLUSION: The bacteriologic study performed after bacterioscopy of diagnosis confirmed the presence of fungi of the genus Candida in the root canals of teeth in patients who previously had COVID-19. The study showed that when treating similar patients, the high risk of infection of periodontal complex tissues by Candida fungi should be considered. It is advisable to supplement the standard protocols of endodontic treatment with physical exposure, for example, laser radiation, or additional medication with antifungal drugs, such as fluconazole.

Bacteriological Study of Conjunctival Swab Cultures in Diabetic Patients

Bacteriological Study of Conjunctival Swab Cultures in Diabetic Patients

Bacteriological Study of Post-Operative Wound Infection and its Antibiograms

INTRODUCTIONPostoperative wound infections are a significant complication of surgical procedures, which increases morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and increased healthcare costs. The study was undertaken with an aim to investigate the etiological agents of postoperative wounds and their sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics. MATERIAL AND METHODSThis study was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, carried out at Universal College Of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Nepal, on 100 postoperatively wounded infected cases, during April 2023 – August 2023, Non Probability sampling method (Purposive sampling) was used, and specimens were collected by sterile cotton swabs and pus was aspirated with a sterile needle and syringe and processed using standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted by disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method. RESULTSPostoperative wound infections caused by Gram negative bacilli were more frequent and predominant pathogens involved were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter aerogenes. Among Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was predominant. Gram positive cocci were highly sensitive to Ampicillin, and Gram negative bacilli were highly sensitive to Ceftazidime, Gentamicin, and Amikacin. Coagulase negative staphylococci were resistant to all drugs tested. CONCLUSIONPseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest etiological agent for postoperative wound infections. Gram positive cocci and E.coli were highly sensitive to Ampicillin and Gram negative bacilli were highly sensitive to Ceftazidime, Gentamicin, Amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to vancomycin and Teicoplanin and coagulase staphylococci were resistant to all drugs tested. Gram negative bacilli were resistant to Polymyxin B and Tigecycline. Increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics warrants the judicious use of antibiotics and establishment of antibiotic policy in the hospital.

Autoprobiotics in the Treatment of Patients with Colorectal Cancer in the Early Postoperative Period.

Despite great advances in the treatment of oncological diseases, the development of medical technologies to prevent or reduce complications of therapy, in particular, those associated with surgery and the introduction of antibiotics, remains relevant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of autoprobiotics based on indigenous non-pathogenic strains of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus hirae as a personalized functional food product (PFFP) in the complex therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the early postoperative period. A total of 36 patients diagnosed with CRC were enrolled in the study. Study group A comprised 24 CRC patients who received autoprobiotic therapy in the early postoperative period, while the control group C included 12 CRC patients without autoprobiotic therapy. Prior to surgery and between days 14 and 16 post-surgery, comprehensive evaluations were conducted on all patients, encompassing the following: stool and gastroenterological complaints analysis, examination of the gut microbiota (bacteriological study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, metagenome analysis), and analysis of interleukins in the serum. Results: The use of autoprobiotics led to a decrease in dyspeptic complaints after surgery. It was also associated with the absence of postoperative complications, did not cause any side effects, and led to a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-18) in the blood serum. The use of autoprobiotics led to positive changes in the structure of escherichia and enterococci populations, the elimination of Parvomonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum, and a decrease in the quantitative content of Clostridium perfringens and Akkermansia muciniphila. Metagenomic analysis (16S rRNA) revealed an increase in alpha diversity. Conclusion: The introduction of autoprobiotics in the postoperative period is a highly effective and safe approach in the complex treatment of CRC. Future studies will allow the discovery of additional fine mechanisms of autoprobiotic therapy and its impact on the digestive, immune, endocrine, and neural systems.

Comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic apical periodontitis based on microbiological and joulemetric research methods

Background. An increase in the number of patients with chronic apical periodontitis is becoming a global trend, which is mediated by several factors: the formation of foci of chronic infection, an increase in the number of various odontogenic complications leading to the loss of a causal tooth, a decrease in general resistance and the development of persistent sensitization of the body.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic measures based on a complex of microbiological and joulemetric methods in patients with chronic apical periodontitis.Materials and methods. 25 patients with the established diagnosis of «chronic apical periodontitis» were examined. Microbiological and joulemetric analyses of the root canal system were performed before and at the stages of treatment using the delayed obturation method, which provides for intra-channel administration of a preparation of highly dispersed calcium hydroxide.Results. The comprehensive analysis of the results of bacteriological and joulemetric studies of the contents of the root canal system in the examined patients at the diagnostic and treatment stages fully corresponded to the clinical picture of the course of this nosological form and reflected the dynamics (negative and positive) of the inflammatory process in the studied periapical region.Conclusions. The combined use of microbiological and joulemetric techniques increases the effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic measures in patients with chronic apical periodontitis, which in turn reduces the risk of possible complications and improves the effectiveness of immediate and long-term therapy results.

Clinical experience of using a high-intensity erbium laser for the treatment of chronic wounds

Chronic wounds are a common surgical pathology. Some types of laser radiation allow for eff ective debridement of wounds and stimulation of healing processes. High-intensity erbium laser can comprehensively aff ect tissues in all phases of the wound process, leading to accelerated healing of chronic wounds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the eff ectiveness of using high-intensity erbium laser for treating patients with chronic wounds of various origins compared to traditional treatment. Material and methods: An analysis of the treatment of 144 patients with chronic wounds was conducted in two groups. In the 1st group (n = 71), a high-intensity erbium laser and dressings with water-soluble ointments were used. In the 2nd group (n = 73), standard surgical treatment with similar dressings was performed. Results were evaluated using visual assessment of wound defects, planimetry, bacteriological and cytological studies, assessment of procedure tolerability, and pain intensity before and after treatment. Results: рatients in the 1st group showed signs of healing signifi cantly earlier and more frequently achieved complete epithelialization of wounds. Laser treatment contributed to more effective decontamination of wound defects, and signs of tissue regeneration were more frequently observed in cytological images. Patients tolerated erbium laser treatment better than surgical treatment, although pain intensity after treatment did not differ between groups. Conclusion: The study confi rmed the effectiveness of using high-intensity erbium laser for treating chronic wounds. This method can be recommended for use in surgical practice alongside other technical and pharmacological tools.

Bacteriological Study of Flora Harboured by Mobile Phones of Health Care Personnel at Tertiary Care Hospital, Aurangabad

Bacteriological Study of Flora Harboured by Mobile Phones of Health Care Personnel at Tertiary Care Hospital, Aurangabad

Microbiological and molecular genetic characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, extracted under conditions of cardiac surgery hospital

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main causative agents of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) worldwide. The study was aimed at molecular characterization of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae isolated in the cardiac surgery hospital, identify hypervirulent isolates and assess isolate genetic relatedness. K. pneumoniae isolated from the clinical material of patients (n = 50) at cardiac surgery departments as well as anesthesiology and reanimation department treated at the cardiovascular surgery hospital in Perm from July 2021 to December 2022 were analyzed. Bacteriological studies were performed on an automatic analyzer WalkAway-96Plus (Beckman Coulter, USA). The sensitivity to thirteen antimicrobials, production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype were assessed. The string test was used to screen hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae. Isolate relatedness (ERIC-PCR), presence of beta-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaKPC, blaVIM-2, blaIMP-1, blaNDM-1), as well as genes associated with hypervirulence (prmpA, iucA, peg-344, wzyK2, magA) were analyzed by PCR. Amplifications were performed in a DNA Engine Dyad Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, USA). Gel documentation system Gel-Doc XR (Bio-Rad, USA) was used for band visualization and data documentation. According to the study results, it was found that carbapenem-resistant isolates accounted for almost 76% of all isolates, the ESBL-phenotype had 90%, and MDR-phenotype — 88% of studied isolates. According to the string test results, 8% of K. pneumoniae isolates had a hypermucoviscous phenotype. As for genes associated with hypervirulence, it was shown that the iucA gene was the most common, amplified in 54% of isolates, prmpA was detected in 38% of isolates, 48% of isolates had wzyK2 or magA genes encoding capsular type K1/K2. Almost a third of K. pneumoniae samples contained a combination of the rmpA and iucA genes, and they were isolated more often in the group of patients with active infection. Only carbapenem-sensitive microorganisms had hypermucoviscous phenotype, K1 capsular type, and a combination of prmpA, iucA, peg-344 genes, whereas the K2 capsular type was most common among carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Based on molecular genetic typing, it was found that 24% of K. pneumoniae isolates were assigned to four genome groups of identical cultures, 76% of the isolates had individual profiles. Closely related isolates were found among patients from different departments that indicates a potential pathogen circulation in the closed circuit “surgery department–department of anesthesiology” and “reanimation–surgery department”.

Synthesis of Benzylpenicillin esters and evaluate the change in the anti-bacterial effects by Docking and bacteriological study

Background: Benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic that possesses effectiveness mainly against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. The carboxylic acid of beta-lactam is essential for its antibacterial activity. However, many prodrugs have been produced through the esterification of this carboxylic acid group, like Pivampicillin. Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effects of Benzylpenicillin when the free carboxylic acid mask with different chemical groups of different polarity. Patients and Methods: Four Benzylpenicillin derivatives (compounds p1-p4) were chemically synthesized through the esterification of the carboxylic acid group with different groups of different polarity, and the antibacterial activities were examined by docking and bacteriological studies. Results: All the compounds showed different antibacterial results. The docking results showed that; the compound of the highest polarity (compound p1) has the best Binding energy. Also; The results of in vitro antibacterial activity showed that; compound p1 had the largest zones of inhibition and the highest antibacterial activity among all the other compounds. Conclusion: Masking the free carboxylic acid of benzylpenicillin with polar group will enhance the antibacterial activity.

Synthesis of Benzylpenicillin esters and evaluate the change in the anti-bacterial effects by Docking and bacteriological study

Background: Benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic that possesses effectiveness mainly against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. The carboxylic acid of beta-lactam is essential for its antibacterial activity. However, many prodrugs have been produced through the esterification of this carboxylic acid group, like Pivampicillin. Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effects of Benzylpenicillin when the free carboxylic acid mask with different chemical groups of different polarity. Patients and Methods: Four Benzylpenicillin derivatives (compounds p1-p4) were chemically synthesized through the esterification of the carboxylic acid group with different groups of different polarity, and the antibacterial activities were examined by docking and bacteriological studies. Results: All the compounds showed different antibacterial results. The docking results showed that; the compound of the highest polarity (compound p1) has the best Binding energy. Also; The results of in vitro antibacterial activity showed that; compound p1 had the largest zones of inhibition and the highest antibacterial activity among all the other compounds. Conclusion: Masking the free carboxylic acid of benzylpenicillin with polar group will enhance the antibacterial activity. Keywords: Beta lactam antibiotics, Benzylpenicillin, anti-bacterial activities, docking, esterification.