Antibacterial Properties Research Articles

Nano-Enhanced Benzylpenicillin: Bridging Antibacterial Action with Anti-Inflammatory Potential against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria.

This study investigates the enhancement of benzylpenicillin's antibacterial properties using nanomedicine, specifically by developing benzylpenicillin nanoemulsions. To address the escalating issue of bacterial resistance, we employed the advanced techniques Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy to analyze the nanoemulsions' molecular structure and characteristics. We then evaluated the impact of these nanoemulsions on nitric oxide production by macrophages to deternine their potential to modulate inflammatory responses. We further assessed the antibacterial effectiveness of the nanoparticles against the pathogens Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) and Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus). The results of antibiograms showed significant efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values, confirming their bactericidal potential. The investigation into the mechanism of action suggested substantial disruption to bacterial membrane integrity, underscoring a possible mode of antibacterial activity. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the synergistic relationship between antibiotics and nanoparticles. In particular, it demonstrates the potential of benzylpenicillin nanoparticles to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy and influence inflammatory responses obtained by evaluating nitrite, IL-6 and TNF-α, offering promising avenues for future clinical applications and strategies to combat bacterial resistance.

Green synthesis of multifunctional natural rubber-lignin nanocomposites: A sustainable approach for waste reduction

Lignin, a valuable biomaterial having an array of exciting properties is increasingly favoured as a reinforcement material in the fabrication of green composites. Reinforcement in biopolymers like natural rubber (NR) using lignin nanoparticles (LNP) is considered a hotspot today. In this study, LNP synthesized via the homogenization method was incorporated into natural rubber latex (NRL) using probe sonication, and NR/Lignin nanocomposites (NR/LNP) were fabricated using latex dipping method. The addition of LNP resulted in significant enhancements in mechanical and antibacterial properties, biodegradability, and ultraviolet (UV) blocking capabilities with the addition of 7 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of LNP, due to the uniform dispersion and effective interaction between NR and LNP. This research demonstrates a versatile pathway for integrating LNP into NR through a green method, enabling the production of eco-friendly NR nanocomposites for multifunctional applications. This pathway contributes to a safe disposal of NR based products.

Tooth-Binding Graphene Quantum Dots Silver Nanocomposites for Prevention of Dental Caries.

The objectives of this study were to develop a tooth-binding graphene quantum dots silver nanocomposites (ALN-GQDs-Ag) and evaluate their antibacterial, mineralising, and discolouring properties for the prevention of dental caries. In this study, ALN-GQDs-Ag were developed by synthesising nano silver (Ag) with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and functionalised GQDs with alendronate (ALN). ALN-GQDs-Ag were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of ALN-GQDs-Ag against human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) was examined using a colorimetric assay with reference to silver nitrate solution. The affinity of ALN-GQDs-Ag for hydroxyapatite particles was investigated using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). The antibacterial properties of ALN-GQDs-Ag against Streptococcus mutans were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and colony-forming units counting (CFUs). The mineralisation properties of ALN-GQDs-Ag on human dentine were assessed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared in a biochemical cycling model. The discolouring properties of ALN-GQDs-Ag on artificial dentine caries were determined using spectrophotometry. TEM, Zeta potential, XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of stable spherical ALN-GQD-Ag nanocomposites with a 10.3 ± 5.5 nm diameter. The colorimetric assay demonstrated that ALN-GQDs-Ag were less cytotoxic than silver nitrate to HGF-1 and SHED (p<0.001). ICP showed that ALN-GQDs-Ag were bound to hydroxyapatite. SEM, CLSM, and CFUs showed that ALN-GQDs-Ag was bactericidal and inhibited biofilm growth of Streptococcus mutans. Micro-CT, SEM, and FTIR showed that ALN-GQDs-Ag repressed dentine demineralisation under a cariogenic challenge. Spectrophotometry revealed no significant discolouration of dentine caries in the ALN-GQDs-Ag. This study developed a biocompatible and tooth-binding ALN-GQDs-Ag with promising antibacterial, mineralising, and non-discolouring properties. ALN-GQDs-Ag could be a novel anti-caries agent for preventing dentine caries if translated for clinical use.

Antioxidant hydrogel from poly(aspartic acid) and carboxymethylcellulose with quercetin loading as burn wound dressing

Susceptibility to infection and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the greatest obstacles for burn wound healing. In this research, the 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) grafted poly(aspartic hydrazide) (PASH) was synthesized by successive ploysuccinimide (PSI) ring opening reaction and reacted with oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) to fabricate biodegradable hydrogel through Schiff-base cross-linking. Moreover, the hydrogel was loaded with quercetin (QT) to enhance its anti-inflammatory performance. The ASA moiety endowed the hydrogel with the free radical scavenging ability and mussel inspired tissue adhesion to maintain the healing bioenvironment of the wound. The loading of QT gave the hydrogel more phenolic hydroxy group and further enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the hydrogel. The in vitro experiment revealed the grafted ASA moiety and the loaded QT greatly enhanced the ROS elimination property and antibacterial property. Moreover, the QT loaded hydrogel accelerated the burn wound repairing rate in the in vivo mice model. Based on above result, the PASH/DCMC could act as a new platform for QT loading to promote the burn wound repairing.

Green synthesis of AgO nanoparticles using Prosopis Cineraria bark extract and its antibacterial activity

Abstract The green synthesis of AgO nanoparticles (NP) uses plant elements like terpenoids, polyphenols, carbohydrates, enzymes, flavonoids, lipids, and alkaloids as reducing agents. A biodegradable technique produces silver oxide nanoparticles from Prosopis cineraria bark extract. This paper defines a biologically friendly, simple, cost-free, and predictable production of AgO nanoparticles (NP) from Prosopis cineraria aqueous bark extract, as well as their antibacterial efficacy. Silver oxide nanoparticles (NP) were green-produced with a bark extract of Prosopis cineraria, acting as a cap and reducing agent. The XRD study revealed that the AgO NP was in a face-centered crystal structure with a mean crystal size of 69.95 nm. The colour variations were used to detect the silver oxide nanoparticle forms in the extracts, and the successful manufacture of the AgO NP was validated using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which captured the SPR peak at approximately 601 nm. AgO NP was studied using an SEM to analyse the nanoparticles’ square shape and size. The antibacterial activities of the green synthesis of AgO NP were verified against gram-positive microorganisms like S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. pneumoniae, and gram-negative microorganisms like E. coli, P. mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa, and the inhibition zones were found. Finally, the AgO NP produced by Prosopis cineraria bark extract is a valuable source of bioactive natural compounds. AgO NP demonstrated our antibacterial properties, which can be employed in future studies using a variety of biological approaches.

Color and functionality construction of cellulose towels with biological Monascus pigment based on a nano-suspension system

As a sanitary textile that directly contacts sensitive parts of the human body, such as mouth, nose and eyes, towel is very important for our daily life and health. However, the colored cellulose towels we use daily are dyed with synthetic dyes. This can be a problem for people with sensitive skin, particularly babies. In this research, cellulose towel fabric was dyed using a nano-level Monascus pigment dyeing solution, which eliminated the need for organic solvent to dissolve the pigment, making it an environmentally friendly dyeing scheme. After 90 °C pre-mordanting treatment and 80 °C dyeing for 30 min respectively, the K/S value of towel fabric could reach 9. In addition, the washing fastness of dyed towel fabric was 3–4, the dry/wet friction fastness was 4–5 and 3–4, and the K/S value remained high even after 20 washing times, and also demonstrated a certain level of UV resistance and antibacterial properties. In conclusion, the application of the dyeing method for cellulose towel fabric with biological Monascus pigment based on a nano-suspension system was found to be both efficient and environmentally friendly, which was anticipated to replace certain traditional synthetic dyes in the future.

Antibacterial carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel loaded with antioxidant cascade enzymatic system for immunoregulating the diabetic wound microenvironment

Diabetic wound healing faces several complex challenges, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and bacterial infections, which severely inhibit the wound-healing process. Herein, a quaternary ammonium salt-crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel (TPC) with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties was developed to immunoregulate the diabetic wound microenvironment. The TPC hydrogel was prepared by first mixing carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and protocatechualdehyde (PA), followed by the addition of a quaternary ammonium cross-linker (TSPBA) and a superoxide dismutase (SOD)–catalase (CAT) cascade system. The immobilized SOD and CAT retained their activity, continuously converting endogenous ·O2− and H2O2 to O2 and H2O. PA also provided the TPC hydrogel excellent oxygen and nitrogen radical scavenging capacity. The quaternary ammonium groups in TSPBA significantly enhanced the inherent antibacterial ability of CMCS-based hydrogels. In diabetic wound-healing experiments, this porous and adhesive TPC hydrogel effectively closed wounds and regenerated skin tissue, resulting in shorter wound edges, thicker granulation, and higher collagen deposition levels compared with other groups. The TPC hydrogel also promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, accelerating wound healing by upregulating IL-10 expression, downregulating IL-6 expression, and enhancing angiogenesis. These results demonstrate the great potential of TPC hydrogel as a promising therapeutic dressing for treating diabetic wounds.

Collagen-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery System in Wound Healing Applications.

Conventional wound dressings often adhere to wounds and can cause secondary injury due to their lack of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. In contrast, collagen-based nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems exhibit both biocompatibility and biodegradability, presenting a promising avenue for accelerating wound healing processes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involved in wound healing, description of the attributes of ideal wound dressings, understanding of wound healing efficacy of collagen, exploring NPs-mediated drug delivery mechanisms in wound therapy, detailing the synthesis and fabrication techniques of collagen-based NPs, and delineating the applications of various collagen-based NPs infused wound dressings on wound healing. This review synthesizes relevant literature from reputable databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed. A diverse array of collagen-based NPs, including nanopolymers, metal NPs, nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, and nanofibers, demonstrate pronounced efficacy in promoting wound closure and tissue regeneration. The incorporation of collagen-based NPs has not only become an agent for the delivery of therapeutics but also actively contributes to the wound healing cascade. In conclusion, In brief, the use of collagen-based NPs presents a compelling strategy for expediting wound healing processes.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose stabilized clove oil nanoemulsified orodispersible films: Study of physicochemical properties, release profile, mucosal permeation, and anti-bacterial activity.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based nanoemulsions for quick dissolving orodispersible (OD) films were prepared to encapsulate clove oil (CO) to harness its anti-bacterial properties. The influence of additives maltodextrin, pectin, and glycerol on the OD films was studied. The nanoemulsion particle size varied from 135 nm to 195 nm. A decrease in tensile strength and, an increase in elongation at break and opacity were observed in OD films compared to neat HPMC film. The AFM images showed an increase in HPMC films' average roughness from 6.95 to 90 nm after adding CO and additives. The additives controlled CO in-vitro release from HPMC following the Higuchi model. The ex-vivo permeation through porcine mucosal membrane was 9-33 % while the permeation coefficient and flux were 0.282-0.879 cm s-1 and 0.191-1.318 μg cm-2 s-1, respectively. The OD films exhibited significant inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis suggesting their therapeutic potential in oral healthcare.

A novel fine-grained TiZrCu alloy tailored for marine environment with high microbial corrosion-resistance

Titanium alloys, usually known as non-corrodible material, are susceptible to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in marine environment. While titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloys have been extensively studied in medical applications, the influence of microorganisms, especially marine microorganisms, on their corrosion behavior has not been explored. In this work, a TiZrCu alloy with a combination of excellent mechanical, anti-corrosion, and antibacterial properties was developed by optimizing the Cu content and grain refinement. Its MIC and antibacterial mechanisms against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a representative marine microorganism, were systematically investigated. 5.5 wt% was determined as the optimal copper content. The fine-grained Ti-15Zr-5.5Cu (TZC-5.5FG) alloy maintained high MIC resistance, exhibiting a corrosion current of 5.7 ± 0.1 nA/cm2 and an antibacterial rate of 91.8 % against P. aeruginosa. The mechanism of improved corrosion resistance was attributed to the denser passive film with high TiO2 content and the lower surface potential difference ΔE. The release of Cu2+ ions, ΔE, and the generation of ROS are three major factors that contribute to the antibacterial performance of TiZrCu alloys. Compared to other available marine metals, TZC-5.5FG alloy exhibited superior comprehensive performance, including excellent mechanical properties and anti-MIC capacity, which make it a promising material for load-bearing applications in marine environment.

Contact Antibacterial and Biocompatible Polymeric, Composite with Copper Zeolite Filler and Copper Oxide, Nanoparticles: A Step Towards New Raw Materials for the Biomedical Industry

This paper introduces a simple procedure for developing composite materials with antibacterial and biocompatible properties using polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene (PP). These composites incorporate three variants of zeolites in different percentages as filler agents: pure zeolite (PZ), copper ion-saturated zeolite (LZ), and copper-ion-saturated zeolite with copper oxide nanoparticles (LZ-nCu). The composites were prepared by the extrusion method and manufactured by injection molding. The impact of these zeolites on various material properties was evaluated, including morphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties, antibacterial capacity, biocompatibility, water absorption, and chemical resistance. The results demonstrated that (i) the incorporation of zeolite into the PP matrix improved thermal stability and increased the tensile modulus of the composites. For PLA-based composites, although there was a slight decrease in these values compared to pure PLA, they remained within acceptable ranges; (ii) zeolite LZ and LZnCu composites at 5 and 10% by weight effectively inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within a maximum of 2 hours of contact; and (iii) composites containing 10% by weight of PZ, LZ, or LZ-nCu showed reduced mechanical properties due to a tendency to form agglomerates. Additionally, LZ and LZ-nCu composites with the same percentage proved highly toxic to human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFs). PLA/LZ-nCu at 5% and PP/LZ at 5% composites exhibited antibacterial properties with bactericidal effects upon contact, high biocompatibility, and lower water absorption compared to the pure polymeric matrix. These results highlight the operational effectiveness of the procedure and suggest the potential of these composites in biomedical applications, such as in vitro dentistry, without contamination risks.

Synthesis and application of WO3/PVA nano composite for antibacterial and thermal insulation

Abstract Insulation of glass material is very important for sustainable environment in this real world without compromising its primary function. The aim of this research is to provide robust solution by synthesis the Nano Tungsten trioxide particles via the chemical precipitation method. Developed WO3 NPs Characterized by using x-ray diffraction for; crystal structure, compound composition, and average crystalline size. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) employed to analyze the shape and dimensions of the WO3 NPs. Explored the potential thermal insulation and antibacterial attributes by coating 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% concentration of synthesized WO3 NPs in polyvinyl alcohol onto a sodium silicate glass substrate (4 × 4 inches; 2 mm thickness) by using 50 μm doctor blade. WO3/PVA solution showed the antibacterial properties measure by agar disc diffusion method on gram positive and negative bacterial culture S. coli and E. bacterial culture and the obtained results after incubation were showing very minor zone of incubation as compare to previous studies. Thermal insulation of coated glass samples were increased with % of WO3 NPs concentration in PVA and validate by significant coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.985).

Photo-crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels designed for simultaneous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells and tannic acid: Advancing towards scarless wound healing

The quest for scarless wound healing is imperative in healthcare, aiming to diminish the challenges of conventional wound treatment. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a key component of the skin's extracellular matrix, plays a pivotal role in wound healing and skin rejuvenation. Leveraging the advantages of HA hydrogels, this research focuses first on tuning the physicochemical and mechanical properties of photo-crosslinkable methacrylated HA (MAHA) by varying the methacrylation degree, polymer concentration, photo-crosslinker concentration, and UV exposure time. The optimized hydrogel, featuring suitable porosity, swelling ratio, degradability, and mechanical properties, was then used for the combined delivery of tannic acid (TA), known for its hemostatic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) cultured on the MAHA-TA hydrogel to enhance skin regeneration. The composite MAHA-TA-MSC hydrogel demonstrated favorable pores and biocompatibility, evidenced by cell viability, and promoted cell proliferation. When applied to dorsal wounds in rats, this composite hydrogel accelerated wound healing and reduced scarring. Additionally, molecular and histopathological analyses revealed increased expression of IL-10, the TGF-β3/TGF-β1 ratio, and the Collagen III/Collagen I ratio. These findings suggest that the MAHA-TA-MSC hydrogel is a promising candidate for scarless acute wound healing.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm features of mutSMAP-18 against Vibrio cholerae

Cholera continues to be a pointed global health issue, prominently in developing nations, where the disease's severe diarrheal symptoms pose substantial public health risks. With the escalating spread of antibiotic resistance among V. cholerae strains, alternative therapeutic approaches are imperative. Antimicrobial peptides are increasingly recognized for their potential, with research focusing on finding the most effective options. We explored the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of analogues of sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-18 (SMAP-18) against V. cholerae in this investigation. Our prior research demonstrated that substituting glycine with alanine at different positions within SMAP-18 altered its structure and antimicrobial activity. Among these altered analogues, our focus was on a mutant variant (mutSMAP-18), characterized by glycine-to-alanine substitutions at positions 2, 7, and 13. Our results indicated that mutSMAP-18 exhibited heightened antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against V. cholerae compared to SMAP-18. We conducted several mechanistic investigations to check the membrane integrity using DNA-binding dye, SYTOX Green or measuring calcein dye leakage and analyzing flow cytometry by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACScan). From these tests, we elucidated that SMAP-18 primarily functions intracellularly, while mutSMAP-18 targets the bacterial membrane. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated membrane disruption at lower concentrations for mutSMAP-18. Notably, mutSMAP-18 demonstrated significant antibiofilm properties against V. cholerae. Overall, these findings offer valuable perspectives for developing novel antibacterial therapies targeting the pathogenic V. cholerae.

Deciphering the effect of Potentilla fulgens root extract against healthy HUVEC cell line and cancer cell lines (A549 and SKOV-3)

BackgroundPotentilla fulgens, a highly valued indigenous medicinal herb grown in high altitudes of the Himalayan region with anticancer, hypoglycaemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcerogenic properties, are used in traditional systems of medicine. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of P. fulgens root extract, as one of the natural alternatives to chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment, on proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549), human ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3), and healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC). MethodsAnti-proliferative effect was assessed by MTT assay. The expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated by western blotting. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) test were determined using standard kit methods. ResultsOur results showed that the extract inhibited proliferation of HUVEC, A549, and SKOV-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. MTT assay analysis revealed that the extract significantly (P<0.05) induced mortality in HUVEC, A549, and SKOV-3 cells. Western blot results revealed increased expression of NF-κB after the extract treatment but led to the down-regulation in Beclin-1, Bax, extracellular-signal-related kinase 1 and 2, Sequestosome-1, and Cleaved Casp-3 levels. Treatment groups showed an increase in TOS and TAC values in A549 and SKOV-3 cell lines, while HUVEC cell line showed an increase in TAC and a decrease in TOS values, compared to the control group. ConclusionsOur findings indicated that P. fulgens root extract inhibited the proliferation of healthy cells and cancer cells through cell cycle arrest, representing its limited application as therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.

Antibiofilm and antivirulence efficacy of Pleurotus platypus methanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus through ROS generation and cell membrane disruption

Multi-drug resistance is recognized as a significant worldwide public health concern in the current century. Biofilm formation further exacerbates bacterial resistance to antibacterial medications, host immunological responses, and phagocytosis, resulting in long-lasting chronic illnesses. Investigating natural resources is a very potent approach for developing alternative anti-infective medications to effectively control multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. In this study, a unique mushroom species namely Pleurotus platypus had been discovered from the Terai-Duars region of West Bengal, India. The myco-chemical profiling and preliminary chemical analysis of Pleurotus platypus methanolic extract determined the significant presence of metabolites belonging to several major chemical classes such as flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid, polyphenol, benzoic acids, coumarin, flavone etc. Most intriguingly, the extract possessed effective antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulence properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most notable drug-resistant opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. Mechanistically, the mushroom extract enhanced the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) inside the targeted bacteria, causing alterations in membrane potential, damage to the cellular membrane and further release of intracellular DNA, destined to cell death. Moreover, the methanolic extract reported the eradication of pre-existing biofilms from the urinary catheter surface, hinting towards its future application in the related field. To summarize, Pleurotus platypus methanolic extract could be an excellent alternative antibacterial and antibiofilm therapeutic candidate for the effective management of Staphylococcus infections with improved outcome.

Selenium nanoparticles: effect of autoclave treatment on size, shape, phase and antimicrobial properties

Amorphous selenium nanoparticles have been synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids. After undergoing a thermal treatment at 121°C for 60 minutes, the amorphous nanoparticles crystallized into trigonal ones. The antimicrobial properties of both amorphous and trigonal nanoparticles have been compared; and the amorphous ones displayed better antibacterial and antifungal properties compared to the trigonal ones. Specifically, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans were almost completely inhibited in the presence of amorphous selenium nanoparticles at 0.025 microgram/ml concentrations after 24 hours of in vitro culture, compared to controls (no nanoparticles). In summary, such a high sensitivity of these bacterial and fungal strains to low concentrations of amorphous selenium nanoparticles warrants further investigation to develop efficient anti-bacterial and anti-fungal treatments.

Conductive hydrogels: Intelligent dressings for monitoring and healing chronic wounds

Abstract Conductive hydrogels (CHs) represent a burgeoning class of intelligent wound dressings, providing innovative strategies for chronic wound repair and monitoring. Notably, CHs excel in promoting cell migration and proliferation, exhibit powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and enhance collagen deposition and angiogenesis. These capabilities, combined with real-time monitoring functions, play a pivotal role in accelerating collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and continuous wound surveillance. This review delves into the preparation, mechanisms, and applications of CHs in wound management, highlighting their diverse and significant advantages. It emphasizes the effectiveness of CHs in treating various chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, infected wounds, temperature-related injuries, and athletic joint wounds. Additionally, it explores the diverse applications of multifunctional intelligent CHs in advanced wound care technologies, encompassing self-powered dressings, electrically-triggered drug delivery, comprehensive diagnostics and therapeutics, and scar-free healing. Furthermore, the review highlights the challenges to their broader implementation, explores the future of intelligent wound dressings, and discusses the transformative role of CHs in chronic wound management, particularly in the context of the anticipated integration of artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, this review underscores the challenges hindering the widespread adoption of CHs, delves into the prospects of intelligent wound dressings, and elucidates the transformative impact of CHs in managing chronic wounds, especially with the forthcoming integration of artificial intelligence (AI). This integration promises to facilitate predictive analytics and tailor personalized treatment plans, thereby further refining the healing process and elevating patient satisfaction. Addressing these challenges and harnessing emerging technologies, we postulate, will establish CHs as a cornerstone in revolutionizing chronic wound care, significantly improving patient outcomes.

BaTiO3 doped PEO coating on pure Mg with enhanced antibacterial, antifouling and corrosion resistance properties

BaTiO3 doped PEO coating on pure Mg with enhanced antibacterial, antifouling and corrosion resistance properties

Regulatory Effects of Ishige okamurae extract and Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol on Skin Barrier Function

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe pharmacological potential of marine organisms remains largely unexplored. Ishige Okamurae, commonly known as Pae, is extensively distributed over Asia. Its antioxidant, antibacterial, antiobesity, and anti-inflammatory properties are also being investigated. Aim of the studyIn most cases of atopic dermatitis, the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, is damaged, causing symptoms such as dryness and hyperproliferation of the epidermis. In particular, the disruption of cell junctions leads to damage of the skin barrier, exacerbating the disease and becoming a target for therapeutic development. Our study aims to investigate of Ishige okamurae extract (IOE) and a major compound derived from it, called Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), can help strengthen the skin barrier in animals with atopic dermatitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Materials and methodsIn keratinocyte cell lines, HaCaT cells, the cytotoxicity of IOE and DPHC was assessed by MTT analysis. The gene expression of skin barrier factors and tight junctions were determined by real-time PCR in tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. In addition, JAK/STAT signaling pathway was performed to evaluating the mechanism of drugs by Western blot. Next, we studied the effects of IOE and DPHC on the skin of animals with DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis. We measured the expression of genes related of the skin barrier and tight junctions in their ear tissue. ResultsAs a result, IOE and DPHC confirmed that the expression of skin barrier proteins (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin) was improved in the DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis model and HaCaT cells. In addition, the expression of tight junction-related proteins (claudin, occludin, and tight junction protein-1) were improved. ConclusionIOE and DPHC ameliorated the atopic dermatitis lesions through alleviating the pro-inflammatory responses and tight junction protein destruction. Our results suggest that IOE and DPHC could be promising candidates for enhancing skin barrier function.