Prostatitis Research Articles

Measurement of Tactile Allodynia in a Murine Model of Bacterial Prostatitis

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are pathogens that play an important role in urinary tract infections and bacterial prostatitis1. We have recently shown that UPEC have an important role in the initiation of chronic pelvic pain2, a feature of Chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS)3,4. Infection of the prostate by clinically relevant UPEC can initiate and establish chronic pain through mechanisms that may involve tissue damage and the initiation of mechanisms of autoimmunity5. A challenge to understanding the pathogenesis of UPEC in the prostate is the relative inaccessibility of the prostate gland to manipulation. We utilized a previously described intraurethral infection method6 to deliver a clinical strain of UPEC into male mice thereby establishing an ascending infection of the prostate. Here, we describe our protocols for standardizing the bacterial inoculum7 as well as the procedure for catheterizing anesthetized male mice for instillation of bacteria. CP/CPPS is primarily characterized by the presence of tactile allodynia4. Behavior testing was based on the concept of cutaneous hyperalgesia resulting from referred visceral pain8-10. An irritable focus in visceral tissues reduces cutaneous pain thresholds allowing for an exaggerated response to normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia). Application of normal force to the skin result in abnormal responses that tend to increase with the intensity of the underlying visceral pain. We describe methodology in NOD/ShiLtJ mice that utilize von Frey fibers to quantify tactile allodynia over time in response to a single infection with UPEC bacteria.

First Report of a Case of Prostatitis Due to Acanthamoeba in a Dog

The first case of prostatitis in a ten year old mixed breed dog due to Acanthamoeba genotype T4 is reported. The dog was suffering from kidney dysfunction and was admitted for exploration of its organs by echography. All organs were in normal conditions with the exception of the prostate which showed signs of inflammation. An ultrasound-guided puncture was thus performed for further cytological and microbiological study. When the obtained fluid was observed under the microscope, Acanthamoeba trophozoites were detected in a high number. No other pathogens were isolated. Both culture and PCR were positive for Acanthamoeba genus and the isolate was later identified as genotype T4. Unfortunately at this stage, the dog’s owner decided to reject any kind of treatment or therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of prostatitis in a dog due to Acanthamoeba genus.

Effect of Bojungikki-tang on Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Case Series

Background: Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) is a pelvic pain condition in men that involves urinary symptoms and sexual activity-related discomfort and should be distinguished from other forms of prostatitis such as chronic bacterial prostatitis and acute bacterial prostatitis. CPPS significantly affects men’s quality of life. We experienced six cases which revealed improved CPPS symptoms after herbal medicine therapy. Case report: We describe 6 cases of CPPS that could not bead equately controlled with antibiotics or alpha blockers. We decided to administer Bojungikki-tang, an herbal extract used in Korean medicine. At baseline, NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score of 6 cases was 28.83 ± 6.37 (average ± standard deviation). After 5 months ~ 10 months of treatment with Bojungikki-tang, we observed a reduction of CPPS symptoms such as pelvic pain, frequent urination, and sexual symptoms. Among 6 cases, 5 cases reveals NIHChronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score 0 point (83.3%), 1 case reveals 14 points after herbal medication treatment. Discussion: Our case series has shown that the symptoms of CPPS may be controlled using herbal medication when unresponsive to conventional therapies.

Metastasis of a Prostatic Carcinoma along an Omental Graft in a Dog

An 11-year-old male American Bulldog was presented for hematuria and tenesmus. It had been treated for chronic bacterial prostatitis with abscessation two years earlier and underwent castration and a prostatic omentalization procedure. There was no histologic evidence of prostatic neoplasia at that time. On physical examination, an enlarged prostate was found by rectal palpation, and it was characterized with ultrasonography and computed tomography. Surgical biopsies were obtained, and histopathology identified prostatic adenocarcinoma. It received carprofen and mitoxantrone chemotherapy in addition to palliative radiation therapy; it was euthanized six weeks later due to a progression of clinical signs. Necropsy findings included marked localized expansion of the prostatic tumor and dissemination of prostatic carcinoma cells throughout the peritoneal cavity along the omental graft with infiltration onto the serosal surfaces of most abdominal viscera and fat. This case represents a previously unreported potential complication of the omentalization procedure wherein carcinoma cells from a prostatic tumor that independently arose after omentalization may have metastasized along the surgically created omental graft.

Infection in Patients Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy

With the widespread popularity of prostate specific antigen testing, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy has become a common urological procedure. The most common risks and complications associated with TRUS-guided biopsy include hematuria, hematospermia, and hematochezia. In addition, some patients develop urinary tract infections, acute bacterial prostatitis, bacteremia, and, eventually, urosepsis. Although it is commonly accepted that use of a prophylactic antimicrobial agent will lower the incidence of post biopsy infection, there is little consensus regarding the most appropriate antimicrobial regimens. Fluoroquinolone (FQ) was the best analyzed class, with higher numbers of studies and patients. According to recent data, occurrence of infectious complications after prostate biopsy has increased in recent years. Several recent studies have highlighted an increasing trend of infectious complications due to FQ resistant organisms among men undergoing TRUS guided prostate biopsy. TRUS guided prostate biopsy can result in significant morbidity, which is occurring at an increasing rate due to the increasing prevalence of FQ resistant Escherichia coli in rectal flora. Risk factors for harboring FQ resistant E. coli should be considered before prostate biopsy, and rectal swab screening cultures may provide useful evidence for selection of appropriate antimicrobials for prophylaxis and treatment of prostate biopsy-associated infections. The estimate of the incidence of sepsis following TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is low; however, the initial treatment of patients with prophylaxis failure and identification of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains might be the most important means for prevention of urosepsis.

Semen Culture: A Comparative Analysis between Solid Media and Liquid Media Supplementation

Introduction: Semen culture is a salient diagnostic tool employed in the diagnosis of infection as a tentative cause of infertility. It is also used in the diagnosis of bacterial prostatitis or infection of any of the accessory glands. Semen culture is especially useful when semen is being assayed for use in in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination. Studies have shown that male genitourinary tract infections account for up to 15% of cases of male infertility. Materials and methods: one hundred and twenty three (123) semen samples were collected from patients attending the fertility and urology clinics of Eku Baptist Hospital. Samples were produced by masturbation in the laboratory after 3 days abstinence period. 0.1ml of the sample was inoculated onto broth media while 0.1ml was also inoculated on solid media plates. After 24 hours incubation at 37 0 C, 0.1ml of the sample from the broth media was subcultured onto solid media plates. The media plates were read and the bacteria isolates characterized using standard methods. The isolates obtained when only solid media was used were compared with the isolates obtained when broth media was used to supplement solid media. Result: When liquid media was used to supplement solid media in the microbiological culture of the semen sample, a total of 67 bacterial isolates were recovered whereas when only solid media was used, only 16 bacteria isolates were recovered from culture. Conclusion: the use of broth media to supplement solid media is advocated to increase the sensitivity of semen culture.

Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern inEnterococcus faecalisStrains Isolated From Expressed Prostatic Secretions of Patients With Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis

PurposeEnterococcus faecalis is one of the most common pathogens linked to chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). Owing to a limited number of previous studies addressing this topic, we aimed to determine the drug resistance patterns of E. faecalis strains isolated from CBP patients.Materials and MethodsOne thousand twenty-one patients visited a single hospital owing to chronic prostatitis for 5 years. Culture specimens were obtained by use of a modified Meares-Stamey method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the antimicrobials were assessed by use of the Vitek II microbial identification system as suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.ResultsForty-one samples from 41 patients who had significant E. faecalis loads for defining CBP were included in this study. The E. faecalis strains in our study were resistant to penicillin (9.7%), ampicillin (0%), ampicillin/sulbactam (0%), nitrofurantoin (0%), imipenem (0%), vancomycin (0%), teicoplanin (0%), quinupristin/dalfopristin (100%), ciprofloxacin (9.7%), levofloxacin (4.8%), norfloxacin (26.8%), erythromycin (95%), gentamicin (46.3%), tetracycline (97.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (31.5%), respectively.ConclusionsFluoroquinolones have been the preferred antibiotics for treating CBP. Because of their low rate of drug resistance, fluoroquinolones are suitable therapeutic agents for E. faecalis strains causing CBP in Korea. Even though tetracycline, erythromycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole have been prescribed as an empirical antimicrobial therapy for chronic prostatitis, we cannot recommend these drugs for treatment of E. faecalis isolates because of the high rates of drug resistance.

Effect of melatonin on contractile activity in intraurethrally instilled E. coli-induced acute prostatitis rat model

-1 day -1 ) on the contractile responses and the histopathologic changes. Results: The degrees of acute inflammatory cell infiltration, acinar changes, and interstitial fibrosis in the prostate glands indicated the development of acute prostatitis at 24 or 72 h after bacterial inoculation. These inflammatory changes were more pronounced at 72 h. Bacterial prostatitis attenuated contractile responses to electrical field stimulation, phenylephrine, or carbachol. The impairment in the contractions was more prominent at 72 h. Melatonin treatment reduced the pathologic changes and partially restored the contractile responses at 72 h of inflammation. Conclusion: Prostatic inflammation caused a diminution in the contractile mechanism of the prostate tissue and melatonin partially restored the contractile responses and histopathologic changes. Melatonin can be useful as an adjuvant to the main therapies for prostatitis to reduce the contractility problems.

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS Mental status in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis

IntroductionChronic prostatitis is a widespread urological disease with a lengthy course and a propensity to frequent recurrences. Adequate response to anti–inflammatory therapy is lacking in a high percentage of patients, which causes them to seek medical advice from different doctors. Thus, the physicians are challenged to look for other reasons causing the pathological symptoms.Material and methodsWe have reviewed the patients with treatment–resistant chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) from the perspective of psychosomatic medicine. For the evaluation of primary mental status and treatment control we used standard approved questionnaires. All 337 CBP patients initially underwent therapy aimed at pathogen eradication. If psychopathological symptoms were evident and dominated over urological ones, the patients were referred to psychiatric evaluation and treatment.ResultsThe frequency of concomitant psychosomatic disorders (PSD) in patients with CBP was 28.2% and neurotic disorders – 26.4%. Adequate multimodal anti–inflammatory therapy followed by a few sessions of psychotherapy decreased the manifestations of PSD in 30.5%, neurotic disorders in 51.7%, and premature ejaculation in 60.5% of patients with CBP. The addition of pharmacotherapy to psychotherapy is effective in treatment–resistant cases. However, after multimodal treatment, 31.5% of pts. with PSD and 13.5% of pts. with neurotic disorders still remain treatment–resistant and required in–depth long–term psychiatric care.ConclusionsA significant portion of CBP patients were diagnosed with neurotic, psychosomatic, and/or depressive disorders.Antibacterial and anti–inflammatory therapy, when followed by appropriate psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, significantly decrease the manifestations of mental disorders in CBP patients.

Characteristics of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis in Korean

Prostatitis is the most common urological diagnosis in men younger than 50 years of age and the third most common urological diagnosis in men older than 50 years of age after two major prostatic diseases – benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer. Acute bacterial prostatitis is a rare disease that accounts for about 5% of prostatitis cases but is relatively easy to diagnose due to its clinical symptoms. This disease constitutes a urological emergence, with obvious signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection, including dysuria, and urinary frequency. With acute bacterial prostatitis, patients often present with intense suprapubic pain, urinary obstruction, fever, malaise, arthralgia, and myalgia. The most frequent bacteria responsible for causing acute bacterial prostatitis include Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Serratia. Antimicrobial treatment should be initiated immediately in patients presenting with acute bacterial prostatitis. Initially, parenteral administration of high doses of antibiotics, such as a broad-spectrum penicillin derivatives, a third-generation cephalosporin with or without an aminoglycoside, or a quinolone, are required until the fever and other signs and symptoms of infection subside. After initial improvement, an oral regimen, in particular quinolone, is appropriate and should be prescribed for at least 4 weeks.

Microbiological Characteristics of Acute Prostatitis After Transrectal Prostate Biopsy

PurposeWe aimed to identify microbiological characteristics in patients with acute prostatitis after transrectal prostate biopsy to provide guidance in the review of prevention and treatment protocols.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of medical records was performed in 1,814 cases who underwent prostate biopsy at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital and St. Vincent's Hospital over a 5 year period from 2006 to 2011. Cases in which acute prostatitis occurred within 7 days after the biopsy were investigated. Before starting treatment with antibiotics, sample collections were done for culture of urine and blood. Culture and drug susceptibility was identified by use of a method established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.ResultsA total of 1,814 biopsy procedures were performed in 1,541 patients. For 1,246 patients, the procedure was the first biopsy, whereas for 295 patients it was a repeat biopsy. Twenty-one patients (1.36%) were identified as having acute bacterial prostatitis after the biopsy. Fifteen patients (1.2%) had acute prostatitis after the first biopsy, and 6 patients (2.03%) experienced acute prostatitis after a repeat biopsy. Even though the incidence of acute bacterial prostatitis was higher after repeat biopsy than that after the first biopsy, there was no statistically significant intergroup difference in terms of incidence (χ2=1.223, p=0.269). When the collected urine and blood samples were cultured, Escherichia coli was found in samples from 15 patients (71.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 3 patients (14.3%), Enterobacter intermedius in 1 patient (4.8%), E. aerogenes in 1 patient (4.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1 patient (4.8%). A fluoroquinolone-resistant strain was confirmed in 5 cases (23.8%) in total. Three cases of E. coli and 1 case of Klebsiella had extended-spectrum β-lactamase activity.ConclusionsEmpirical treatment of acute prostatitis should be done with consideration of geographical prevalence and drug resistance. This study will provide meaningful information for the management of acute prostatitis after transrectal prostate biopsy.

Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials

Extensive research over the past half century has shown that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a component of the golden spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), can modulate multiple cell signaling pathways. Extensive clinical trials over the past quarter century have addressed the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of this nutraceutical against numerous diseases in humans. Some promising effects have been observed in patients with various pro-inflammatory diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, uveitis, ulcerative proctitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel disease, tropical pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer, idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, oral lichen planus, gastric inflammation, vitiligo, psoriasis, acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic microangiopathy, lupus nephritis, renal conditions, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, β-thalassemia, biliary dyskinesia, Dejerine-Sottas disease, cholecystitis, and chronic bacterial prostatitis. Curcumin has also shown protection against hepatic conditions, chronic arsenic exposure, and alcohol intoxication. Dose-escalating studies have indicated the safety of curcumin at doses as high as 12 g/day over 3 months. Curcumin's pleiotropic activities emanate from its ability to modulate numerous signaling molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic proteins, NF-κB, cyclooxygenase-2, 5-LOX, STAT3, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E(2), prostate-specific antigen, adhesion molecules, phosphorylase kinase, transforming growth factor-β, triglyceride, ET-1, creatinine, HO-1, AST, and ALT in human participants. In clinical trials, curcumin has been used either alone or in combination with other agents. Various formulations of curcumin, including nanoparticles, liposomal encapsulation, emulsions, capsules, tablets, and powder, have been examined. In this review, we discuss in detail the various human diseases in which the effect of curcumin has been investigated.

Acute Bacterial Prostatitis in Humans: Current Microbiological Spectrum, Sensitivity to Antibiotics and Clinical Findings

Objective: To assess the current microbiological profile and sensitivity to antibiotics in patients with acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP). Patients and Methods: In the period 2003–2010, we treated 192 ABP patients, aged from 18 to 85 years (average 56.3 years). We performed a biochemical examination including a microbiological urine examination. After admission, we immediately began the empirical antibacterial treatment. Results: The clinical picture was dominated by pain, prostate enlargement and failure of micturition in 185 (96.4%) patients; 14 (7.3%) patients had acute urinary retention where epicystostomy was necessary. Fever occurred in 177 (92.2%) patients and Escherichia coli was the most frequent etiological agent detected in 103 (53.7%) patients followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species. In 16 (8.3%) patients we found 2 bacteriological strains. Sterile urine was found in 65 (33.8%) patients. Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins were used most frequently. 147 (76.6%) patients were treated according to the microbiological results. Overview of resistance shows an increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones. In 14 (7.3%) patients there was progression to urosepsis. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider local drug-resistance patterns when choosing antibiotics and should adjust the therapy on the basis of bacterial cultures and local sensitivity to antibiotics.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of thymoquinone in a rat model of acute bacterial prostatitis

Prostatitis plays a major role in morbidity and mortality related to prostate diseases. The aim of this study was to detect whether thymoquinone (TQ) could ameliorate oxidative damage and the proliferative response induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) in rats. A total of 42 adult male Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups (three treatment groups, three infected groups and one control group). Control group received saline and was killed 24 h after saline administration. Infected rats were killed after 24, 48 and 72 h following direct injection of E. coli into the prostate. Treatment groups were administered with 10 mg/kg dose of TQ intraperitoneally following E. coli injection and after 24 and 48 h following E. coli injection. The rats were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h after the first drug administration. Each group was compared with each other and with the control group. In addition, infected groups were compared with treatment groups. Our findings show that the treatment with TQ has a protective effect against bacterial prostatitis-induced tissue injury. Increase in malondialdehyde levels and histological damage caused by E. coli were improved markedly with TQ treatment. TQ treatment particularly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and decreased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. These observations might be attributed, at least in part, to the antioxidant effect of TQ and suggest that it could be a clinically valuable agent in the prevention of acute prostatitis caused by E. coli.

Safety and efficacy of levofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients

Levofloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone that is usually used to treat chronic bacterial prostatitis. We investigated the safety and efficacy of levofloxacin compared with ciprofloxacin for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients. This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Four hundred and seventy-one patients with clinical symptoms/signs were enrolled into the study, and 408 patients were microbiologically confirmed chronic bacterial prostatitis, who were randomized to either oral levofloxacin (500mg q.d.) or ciprofloxacin (500mg b.i.d.) for 4 weeks. Bacterial clearance rate, clinical symptoms/signs, adverse reactions and disease recurrence were assessed. The clinical symptoms and signs (including dysuria, perineal discomfort or pain) and bacteria cultures in 209 patients treated with levofloxacin and 199 patients treated with ciprofloxacin were similar. The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. One to four weeks after the end of 4 weeks treatment, the bacterial clearance rate (86.06% vs. 60.03%; P<0.05) and the clinical efficacy (including clinical cure and clinical improvement(93.30% vs. 71.86%; P<0.05)) were significantly higher in the levofloxacin-treated group than in the ciprofloxacin-treated group. The microbiological recurrence rate was significantly lower in the levofloxacin-treated group than in the ciprofloxacin-treated group (4.00% vs. 19.25%; P<0.05). Rates of adverse events and treatment-related adverse events were slightly lower in the levofloxacin-treated group than in ciprofloxacin-treated group. Levofloxacin showed some advantages over ciprofloxacin in terms of clinical efficacy and disease recurrence, with a low rate of adverse events, for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis in Chinese patients.

Detection of prostate specific antigen for typing of chronic prostatitis and its clinical significance

Objective To observe the detection results of serum prostate specific antigen ( PSA ) for typing of chronic prostatitis,and to summarize its clinical significance.Methods In our hospital from May 2009 to May 2011,68 patients with chronic prostatitis,with reference to the United States National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) classification criteria,were included in the study group 21 were assigned to group A ( Ⅱ type ),30 to group B ( Ⅲa type ),and 17 to group C ( Ⅲb type ).68 healthy people were enrolled as control.Serum levels of prostate specific antigen were compared between the four groups,and changes in PSA levels in different types of the study were also observed after treatment.Results In the study group and the control group,PSA level had an obvious difference,it significantly elevated in the study group,the highest level in group A increased ( P＜ 0.05 ),with a statistical significance the observation group before and after treatment with PSA level differences,were observed in group A after treatment with PSA levels were significantly decreased ( P＜ 0.05 ),with a statistical significance PSA level had no significant difference in groups B and C before and after treatment ( P＞ 0.05 ).Conclusions PSA in the typing of chronic prostate hyperplasia has a little significance of guidance.It can help guide logical clinical typing,but the specific values of PSA for accurate classification still need to be further studied. Key words: Prostate specific antigen; Chronic prostatitis; Typing

Prostatic calculi influence the antimicrobial efficacy in men with chronic bacterial prostatitis

We studied the efficacy of culture-specific antibiotic therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) patients with or without prostatic calculi. This study included 101 patients (21-62 years old) who met the consensus criteria for CBP (National Institutes of Health category II). According to the results of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), all patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, CBP with prostatic calculi, n=39; Group 2, CBP without prostatic calculi, n=62. All patients received optimal antimicrobial therapy for 4 weeks and followed up for a minimum of 3 months (range: 3-8 months). In addition to expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and urine culture, all patients were asked to complete the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and the subjective global assessment (SGA). The microbiological eradication rate at the end of treatment were 32/39 (82.1%) and 54/62 (87.1%), while the rates for continued eradication at the end of study were 17/39 (43.6%) and 45/62 (72.6%) in Group 1 and Group 2 (P<0.01), respectively. We observed a decrease in the total NIH-CPSI score median values from 24 to 19 in Group 1 and from 24 to 11 in Group 2. The pain subscore (P<0.01), urinary sunscore (P<0.05) and quality of life (QoL; P<0.05) as well as the total NIH-CPSI score (P<0.01) were significantly improved after antimicrobial treatment in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Response, defined as a decrease of the NIH-CPSI total score by at least 50%, was seen in Group 1 versus Group 2 in 38.5% and 58.1% (P<0.01), respectively. Our results showed that prostatic calculi influence the antimicrobial efficacy in men with CBP. There was a noticeable decrease in the cure rate of CBP patients with prostatic calculi due to relapse after antimicrobial therapy.

Therapeutic evaluation of auricular point sticking auxiliary treatment of IIIB prostatitis

Objective To observed the effects of auricular point sticking auxiliary treatment on ⅢB chronic prostatitis.Methods 20 patients with ⅢB chronic prostatitis were assigned to auricular point sticking combined with KeDuo-Hua therapy (trial group) or KeDuo-Hua therapy alone (control group).In 1 month of treatment cycles,the improvement of NIH-CPSI score was observed.Results The pain or discomfort symptoms,voiding symptoms,quality of life score were (14.65±2.06),(5.80± 1.06),(8.05± 1.23) in the trial group respectively,and (14.10±2.05),(5.65± 1.31),(7.45±1.50) in the control group respectively before treatment; these values turned to (5.80±0.83),(2.80±1.15),(3.75±0.76) in the trial group,and (8.90±1.10),(2.90±1.37),(4.20±1.77) in the control group respectively after the treatment.The difference between the two groups was significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Auricular point sticking auxiliary treatment of ⅢB prostatitis is effective. Key words: Chronic prostatitis; ⅢB; Auricular point sticking

The erectile function of rats with chronic nonbacterial prostafitis

Objective To study the erectile function of rats with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP).Methods The prostate tissues of 10 male SD rats (4 months old) were taken out under aseptic condition,and the prostate tissue homogenate supernate (20 g/L) was made.Another 50 male SD rats (2 months old) were randomly divided into CNP group and control group,with 25 rats each group.Each rat of CNP group was immunized with 1.0 mL prostate tissue homogenate supernate emulsifled by isopyknic Freund' s complete adjuvant intradermally in the multiple points,and simultaneously immunized with 0.5mL pertussis diphtheria tetanus vaccine intraperitoneally on the 0 and 30th day.Each rat in control group was injected with cquivalent normal saline in the same way.On the 45th day,the erectile function of each rat in two groups was evaluated by the ratio of maximum intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (bR) during electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve.Each rat was measured for three times.After the measurement of erectile function,the blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and the levels of serum teatosterones were determined by paramagnetism chemiluminescence immunoassay.Besides,the prostatic tissues were harvested and examined for the histopathological characteristics.Results In CNP group,prostate tissues showed serious congestion and edema,adhesion with surrounding tissues,and less integrity of structure,macropathologically.Histologically,the prostatic tissues were characterized by lymphoid tissue proliferation and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration in the stromal connective tissue around the acini or ducts.In control group,no inflammatory infiltration as above was seen.The mean bR in CNP and control groups was (68.07 ± 10.54) ％ and ( 70.44 ± 11.18 ) ％,respectively,with no significant difference ( P ＞0.05).The average serum levels of testosterones in CNP and control groups were (3.84 ± 1.50) μg/L and (4.75 ±1.75) μg/L,respectively,with no significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion Compared to the normal rats,the erectile function in CNP rats was not significantly decreased,suggesting that there seems to be no organic erectile dysfunction in the patients with chronic prostatitis. Key words: Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis; Erectile function; Electrostimulation

Clinical application of terazosin combined with Qianlielongbitong in the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of terazosin combined with Qianlielongbitong in the treatment of non-bacterial prostatitis.Methods One hundred and two patients with non-bacterial prostatitis were divided into two groups:one group was treated with terazosin 4 mg qn and Qianlielongbitong,while the other group was treated with terazosin and Levoofloxacin.We compared three indices of chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI),prostatic secretion examination(EPS) and urodynamic data in three different steps:before treatment,after 4-week treatment and after 8-week treatment.Results The NIH-CPSI of both groups was greatly improved after treatment( all P ＜0.01 ).Inside the treatment group,the NIH-C-PSI after 8-week treatment was better than that after 4- week treatment ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).However,in both groups,there was no significant difference between the index after 8-week treatment and the one after 4 week.EPS,AFR and MFR were greatly improved in both groups( all P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion Terazosin can relieve the clinical symptom,and improve the life quality. Key words: Prostatitis; Terazosin; Qianlielongbitong