Bacteria In Material Research Articles

Edukasi Penggunaan dan Identifikasi Bahan Pengawet pada Produk Pangan di Manunggal Jaya Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang

Food preservatives have been used in general by the public. The addition of food preservatives intends and intends to prevent the growth of spoilage bacteria in materials and products. The use of preservatives must be in small quantities or within the acceptable threshold. If the amount of preservatives used exceeds the threshold limit, it can trigger health problems. However, many producers abuse the addition of toxic preservatives, which are still found in food, so it is necessary to provide education and practice on detecting preservatives in food in the community, especially in Manunggal Jaya Village, Tenggarong opposite District. This activity begins with outreach and counseling about the types of preservatives and continues with analyzing the detection of dangerous preservatives in food products. The activity results show that the importance of education on preservatives in food products can increase the knowledge and understanding of the community in Manunggal Jaya Village, Tenggarong opposite District, and be able to carry out analyses using a simple method of detecting dangerous preservatives such as formaldehyde and borax.

녹즙의 위생화를 위한 오존처리의 효과

녹즙 제조 시 미생물 생육 억제를 위한 유일한 공정은 세척처리 공정이므로 비가열 살균기술인 오존 처리기술을 이용하여 녹즙 원료들의 세척공정(정선 원료, 1차 세척, 오존처리 및 2차 세척) 중 미생물 및 주요 화학성분의 변화를 측정하였다. 정선 원료의 일반세균수는 8.2×10?～5.0×10? CFU/g으로 식품공전에서 제시한 10? CFU/g보다 높은 균수를 보여 위생화가 반드시 필요하였다. 그러나 1차 세척 후 오존처리 시 4.7×10⁴～6.7×10⁴ CFU/g으로 약 2 log cycle의 감균 효과를 볼 수 있었으며 2차 세척에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 녹즙 원료의 대장균군수는 8.0×10³～3.5×10³ CFU/g이었으나 오존처리 시 1.5×10²～3.0×10² CFU/g로 초기에 비하여 약 1 log cycle 정도의 감균 효과를 보였다. 한편 세척공정 중 ascorbic acid, flavonoid 및 polyphenol 화합물, 무기물(카드뮴 및 납)의 함량 변화는 유의적인 함량 변화를 볼 수 없었으며 색상차이도 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 녹즙 원료의 위생화를 위한 오존처리 시 미생물 수를 감소시킬 수 있었으며 화학적인 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

Oral cavity as a potential source of gastric reinfection by Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a common pathogen colonizing the a gastric mucosa, but some reports indicated that it may also be found in the oral cavity, which could serve as a reservoir of the bacteria and a source of gastric reinfection. Accordingly, we aimed to study whether the oral cavity, particularly gingival pockets, are colonized by Hp and whether it could be the source of gastric reinfection. We studied 329 patients with dyspeptic symptoms (257 with chronic gastritis, 15 with gastric ulcer, and 57 with duodenal ulcer). The [13C]urea breath test (UBT), gastroscopy, and Hp culture from gastric biopsies were carried out, and material was collected from the oral cavity (gingival pocket) for bacteriological culture and genomic DNA studies. The serum was obtained for anti-Hp IgG and anti-CagA assays and saliva for anti-Hp IgA determination using the ELISA technique. Bacteria in material from gingival pockets and biopsies from the corpus and antrum of stomach of 30 DU patients before and after Hp eradication were also examined by PCR technique, using primers specific for 16S rRNA. All Hp-positive patients (276) were subjected to one week of triple therapy (omeprazole 2 x 20 mg twice a day, clarithromycin 2 x 500 mg twice a day, and metronidazole 2 x 500 mg twice a day). The measurements described above were then repeated at four weeks and six months. Bacteriological culture showed the presence of Hp in the material from oral cavity in about 50% of patients, whereas UBT, used as a gold standard, revealed gastric Hp infection in about 84% of these patients. The eradication was successful in the majority of patients (87%), but about 13% of them were still Hp positive after four weeks and about 21% after six months. Four weeks after Hp therapy, Hp was found in culture from oral samples in 23% (P < 0.05 vs initial) and after six months in 35.1%. The IgA levels recorded in saliva were in a close agreement with UBT results. Hp DNA assessed by PCR in 30 DUs before eradication of Hp was detected in 95% of antral mucosa, 90% in corpus mucosa, and in 35% of gingival pocket material, and after eradication therapy Hp DNA values fell to 25%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. In conclusion, Hp is commonly detected in the oral cavity of patients with dyspeptic symptoms, but the gastric reinfection does not appear to occur in the patients despite oral Hp colonization.

Fungi and actinobacteria in moisture-damaged building materials — concentrations and diversity

Modern building materials, once moistened, may provide ecological niches for various microbes that have not been well characterized. The aim of the current study was to determine whether fungal genera and actinobacteria were associated with seven types of moisture-damaged building materials by systematically describing the mycobiota and enumerating fungi and bacteria in these materials. Microbial analyses were obtained from 1140 visibly damaged samples of building material, viz. wood, paper, non-wooden building boards, ceramic products, mineral insulation materials, paints and glues, and plastics. Fungal and bacterial concentrations correlated well ( r=0.6). The range of fungi and bacteria numbers was between 10 0 and 10 8 cfu g −1 in all materials, but significant differences in counts were observed between materials. Highest median concentrations of fungi were observed in wooden and paper materials, and lowest in samples of mineral insulation, ceramic products, and paints and glues. Concentrations of viable bacteria in mineral insulation materials were significantly lower than in wood, paper, ceramic products and plastics. A rich variety of fungi was found in wooden materials, with Penicillium and yeasts occurring most frequently. In paper materials, a clear difference from wood was the more frequent occurrence of Cladosporium and Stachybotrys. The most distinctive finding in gypsum boards was that Stachybotrys was common. Ceramic products and paints and glues seemed to favour Acremonium and Aspergillus versicolor. Yeasts and members of the Sphaeropsidales occurred often in parallel in most materials. This study confirms that microbial growth occurs in many different building materials and shows associations between fungal genera and the type of material.

Bacillus agar-exedens, a new species, decomposing agar

In stable manure, leafmold and soils (especially those with a high content of organic material) agar decomposing bacilli are relatively common. Different types of these organisms were isolated, the type described asBacillus agar-exedens being the one most frequently met. The occurrence of these bacteria in materials with a high content of organic matter suggests the presence in these materials of higher organic compounds, especially apt for their nutrition.