Back Translation Research Articles

Cross-Cultural Translation and Adaptation of the Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT) to Brazilian Portuguese: A Methodological Approach for Ensuring Linguistic and Cultural Equivalence

Background: Process-Based Therapy (PBT) focuses on understanding and guiding individual change processes, diverging from group-based analyses. The approach tailor’s treatment to address individual issues, emphasizing measurable change processes for effective treatment, while recognizing that effective treatments are not constrained by a specific therapeutic orientation or strategy. The process-based assessment tool (PBAT) was developed to provide researchers and practitioners with a guide to a minimal viable set of process-based items. The PBAT is an item pool designed for intensive longitudinal clinical assessment, developed based on the PBT model. Objective: The present study aims to translate and cross-culturally adapt the PBAT into Brazilian Portuguese. Method: The cross-cultural adaptation process balances literal translation components from one language to the other and an adaptation process that takes into account the culture of the target population. The cross-cultural adaptation process occurred in four major steps: i) translation process; ii) back translation process; iii) evaluation of the semantic equivalence of the preliminary Portuguese version; and iv) pre-test. Result: The analysis of the results from the target population's evaluation was predominantly qualitative, supplemented with indicators such as the Content Validity Index (CVI) to identify potential items requiring adjustments. The results may suggest the effectiveness of the iterative refinement process, potentially increasing confidence in the accuracy and relevance of the translated PBAT for the Portuguese-speaking population. Conclusion: Future research endeavors may benefit from the translated PBAT, enabling a comprehensive exploration of within-person processes and fostering advancements in evidence-based practices.

The Italian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire: validation of its measurement properties.

Surgical fear is present in many patients awaiting surgery. However, a validated Italian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ) was not available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate the SFQ into Italian and to test its reliability and validity. Design: prospective cohort study on Italian-speaking Swiss patients scheduled for a minimally invasive spinal procedure or spinal surgery. After forward and back translation and a pilot test, reliability and validity of the 8-item SFQ was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient, (ICC), Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results on 63 patients revealed median SFQ-total scores of 22 (minimum-maximum: 0-68) at inclusion and 22.5 (0-70) one week before surgery. Test-retest reliability between first and second SFQ-total score was high, ICC=0.947 (95% CI: 0.912-0.968). Internal consistency of the SFQ-total score at both assessment times were high, Cronbach's alphas 0.916 and 0.931 respectively. This was also the case for the subscale short-term fear, item 1-4 and long-term fear, item 5-8 (range 0.853-0.909). CFA-results for a one-factor and a two-factor model favored the two-factor model. Correlations with pain catastrophizing, other anxiety measures, and health status were weak and only state anxiety assessed by PROMIS reached statistical significance. We conclude that the Italian version of the SFQ is suitable for use in practice and has a high reliability. Validity and sensitivity need additional testing on a larger population.

TOPSE for babies in Norwegian: Examining the reliability of a tool to measure parenting self-efficacy

Abstract Background Parents’ confidence in their parenting abilities and self-efficacy (PSE) is an important factor for parenting practices. The Tool to measure Parenting Self-Efficacy (TOPSE) is a questionnaire created to evaluate parenting programs by measuring PSE. Initially, it was designed for parents with children between 0-6 years old. A modified version specifically for parents of infants aged 0-6 months (TOPSE for babies) is currently being piloted. In this study, we have investigated the reliability of the Norwegian version. Methods The study included 123 parents of children aged 0-18 months who completed a digital version of the TOPSE questionnaire. Professional translators performed the translation from English to Norwegian and a back translation in collaboration with the author group. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for each of the questionnaire’s six domains, and a reliability analysis was conducted using a Bayesian framework for the total sample (parents of children aged 0-18 months) and specifically for the parents of the youngest group of children (0-6 months). Results The overall Bayesian alpha coefficient for the six domains ranged from 0.54 to 0.83 for the entire sample, and from 0.63 to 0.86 for parents with children aged 0-6 months. For two of the domains, one item in each proved to primarily contribute to the low alpha coefficients and removing them improved the reliability, especially for parents of the youngest group of children. Conclusions Reliable tools to assess PSE and evaluate parenting programs is important. The Norwegian version of TOPSE for babies seems to be a reliable tool for measuring PSE, although there are variations across the children’s age groups and domains. Key messages • The findings from this study indicate that TOPSE in Norwegian is a reliable tool for assessing PSE. • While our findings are promising, further research is warranted to establish a more robust evaluation, across both mothers and fathers, parental age and socioeconomic groups.

Translation and Validation of the Filipino Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire (F-SCQ)

Sustainable Development (SD) has undeniably become an important concept worldwide. But sustainability issues are viewed in different contexts and situations. It is believed that cultural context is an important factor that influences human behaviors and values related to society, the economy, and the environment. Language is an essential part of culture. Thus, measurement indicators that are culturally adapted are as important to visualize the efforts toward SD. The present study aims to create a Filipino version of the Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire (SCQ) reflecting the three psychological constructs of knowingness, attitudes, and behavioral items which are related to SD dimensions of social, economic, and environmental. Also, validation of the Filipino SCQ (F-SCQ) by experts and pilot tests as to the conceptual level of the target users and construct validity were done. This study used a cross-sectional, explanatory nonexperimental design with participants composed of 678 male and female aged 18-19 years old. The translation processes go through preparation, translation proper (forward translation), and evaluation (i.e. back translation, bilingual technique, and pretest/cognitive debriefing with 10 target samples) to ensure that the translated instrument is both culturally acceptable and contextually scale relevant to target population. In terms of its factor structure, the results of the second-order factor analysis are as follows: for Sustainability Knowingness, all of the first-order factors (i.e., Environmental, Social, and Economic) were loaded onto a single second-order factor. For Sustainability Attitudes, only the Social and Economic factors were retained; while, for Sustainability Behaviour, only the Environmental and Economic factors were confirmed. Hence, this Filipino version of the SCQ is found to be psychometrically sound and suitable for Filipino adolescents in measuring their sustainability consciousness. Further evaluation is recommended in comparison to the original English SCQ, other age groups; and translation to other Philippine dialects may also be considered in future studies.

Neurocognitive functioning during adolescence: Spanish validation of the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery.

The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery - Child Version (PennCNB-cv) is presented as a brief tool that allows comprehensive and automated assessment of 5 factors (via 14 performance tasks): Executive Control, Episodic Memory, Complex Cognition, Social Cognition, and Sensorimotor Speed. The literature links (dys)functions in these areas with psycho(patho)logical constructs, but evidence is scarce among Spanish-speaking youth. Therefore, this study aims to validate the PennCNB-cv in a community sample of Spanish adolescents. After a process of (back)translation and adaptation by bilingual researchers, the PennCNB-cv was administered in 34 schools. The sample included1506 students, ages 14-19, 44.28% were male. Preliminary treatment of the data included descriptive and correlational statistics. To provide evidence of structural validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Results from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed a four-factor model (Complex Cognition, Executive Control, Episodic Memory, and Social Cognition) as the most appropriate.These findings provide compelling evidence in favor of the a priori theory that underpinned the development​ of the CNB. The study of the psychometric properties showed that the Spanish version of the PennCNB-cv, seems to be an adequate tool for assessing neurocognitive functioning during adolescence.

Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism: Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Pilot Testing in Italy.

Recently, the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) has been developed for use in clinical and research settings. The aim of the present study is to describe the process of forward and back translation and pilot testing of the STAB into Italian. The English version of the STAB was adopted as a template for translation into other languages, according to a step-by-step procedure led by the expert STAB bruxism panel and mother tongue experts in the field. In detail, the translation team was made up of 12 subjects: three study coordinators, two forward translators, two back-translators and five expert panellists. Following the translation process, a pilot test in patients, dentists and dental students was performed using the 'probing' method (i.e., subjects were questioned by the examiners about the perceived content and interpretation of the items) with the aim to assess the comprehensibility of the questions and response options, and the feasibility of the tool. This paper describes the translation process of the STAB and provides the outcomes of the pilot testing phase and the face validity assessment. The preliminary results suggest that, from a global point of view, the STAB reflects the characteristics required in clinical and research settings. Thanks to the translation process, the Italian version of the STAB can be assessed on-field and introduced in the clinical and research field to get deeper into the study of bruxism epidemiology in Italy.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Spanish of the PANELVIEW instrument to evaluate the health guidelines development process

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Spanish of the PANELVIEW instrument to evaluate the health guidelines development process

The translation and validation of the surgical anxiety questionnaire into the modern standard Arabic language: results from classical test theory and item response theory analyses

BackgroundPreoperative anxiety is commonly found in patients who are waiting for surgery and can lead to negative surgical outcomes. Understanding the sources of surgical anxiety allows healthcare providers to identify at-risk patients and implement psychosocial interventions such as counseling, relaxation techniques, and cognitive‒behavioral therapy to minimize anxiety. Few comprehensive psychiatric measures are available to assess preoperative anxiety in Arabic.ObjectiveOur study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ) into the modern standard Arabic language, also known as Fusha al-Asr Arabic.MethodsTo translate the questionnaire, the research team used the gold standard process of forward translation by two independent translators along with back translation evaluation by four trained medical doctors. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey completed by 208 Arabic speakers (mean age 38 years, 44% women) from four countries. Psychometric analyses, which included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and item response analysis, were performed. Convergent validity tests were performed against the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item Scale (GAD-2), Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-2), Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4), and Arabic version of the Visual Analog Scale for anxiety (VAS-A).ResultsThe mean SAQ of our sample was 19.38 ± 12.63 (possible range 0–68). The Arabic SAQ translation demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with McDonald’s omega and a Cronbach’s alpha of approximately 0.90. The test-retest reliability was also high, with an intraclass coefficient of 0.94. The SAQ showed strong convergent validity against the GAD-2 (r = 0.94, p < 0.01). The SAQ also showed weak-moderate correlations with the PHQ-2 (r = 0.26, p < 0.01), PSS-4 (r = 43, p < 0.01), and VAS-A (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) scores. The original three-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis, confirming the original structure reported in the original English language version. The results for fitness indices showed acceptable preliminary results (CFI/TLI approximately 0.90), and deleting some items improved the model fit (CFI/TLI > 0.90, RMSEA < 0.08). We suggest retaining the original factorial solution until further validation studies can be conducted. The item response theory (IRT) results identified no items that were excessively difficult or subject to guessing. The multidimensional IRT provided evidence that the SAQ items form a multidimensional scale assessing surgical anxiety that fits the classical model reasonably well.ConclusionThe SAQ has demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity; thus, it is a trustworthy and valid tool for evaluating preoperative anxiety in Arabic speakers. Future research could benefit from using the SAQ in both surgical and psychiatric research.

Rasch analysis of quality of life in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (QUICK) questionnaire

ABSTRACT Clinical relevance A validated questionnaire measures the construct accurately, helps clinician to support decision making, facilitates assessment and monitoring of patients, guides clinical trial and promotes patient-centred care. Background To assess the psychometric properties of the Quality of Life in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (QUICK) questionnaire among Indian children with Vernal Keratoconjuntivitis (VKC) using Rasch analysis. Methods This study used a questionnaire validation study design. The QUICK questionnaire for VKC was translated to two local languages using back translation process and administered to the Indian children (aged 5–15 years) diagnosed with VKC between June 2021 and March 2022. The study took place at a tertiary eye care hospital in Chennai, India. The psychometric properties were assessed based on six indicators namely rating scale behaviour, measurement precision, item fit, unidimensionality, targeting and Differential Item Functioning (DIF). Results Fifty six children with VKC (mean age 10.5 years and 77.8% males) filled the questionnaire. The analysis of overall QUICK questionnaire (16 items) revealed an ordered threshold for the rating scale, no noticeable DIF and excellent person-item targeting (0.15). However, the questionnaire showed inadequate person separation (PSI 1.82 and PSR 0.77), four misfit items and lack of unidimensionality (eigenvalue 2.80). Eliminating misfit items and contrasting items resolved multidimensionality, leaving nine items related to the symptoms domain in the questionnaire. However, the person separation (PSI 1.52 and PSR 0.70) remained below 2.0. Conclusion The resultant 9-item QUICK questionnaire discriminates only low and high performers among VKC patients. Thus, it may be used solely to assess the symptoms domain in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). This questionnaire requires addition of items in other domains pertaining to HRQoL to make it holistic.

Cultural adaptation and preliminary validation of the Flexibility Scale for Spain.

Individuals exhibit varying degrees of flexibility depending on different characteristics, conditions, and diagnoses. The Flexibility Scale is a comprehensive informant-report measure used to assess multiple aspects of flexibility in autistic and non-autistic children and youth, with an emphasis on cognitive aspects. This tool has not been adapted nor validated for use in Spain. In this paper we aim to provide a culturally adapted and validated version of the Flexibility Scale for Spain. We detail the procedure followed by our research team to obtain a cultural adaptation of the scale for Spain, including forward and back translations, cognitive interviews, feedback from experts, and preliminary validation. Our participants in the validation process were 75 autistic and 39 typically developing children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 17. We reached a culturally adapted and preliminary validated version of the Flexibility Scale for Spain (Escala de Flexibilidad). We make the scale available to researchers and practitioners working in Spain. This contributes to laying the groundwork for further testing and adaptations in Spanish-speaking countries and communities worldwide.

Validating the Persian Version of the Self-stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) Scale

Background: Stigma presents significant barriers to mental health treatment, influencing treatment decisions and recovery outcomes. Standardized rating scales play a crucial role in assessing Self-stigma, which is essential for intervention efforts aimed at improving mental health outcomes globally. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the internal consistency, face validity, content validity, and factor structure of the Persian version of the Self-stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale in a group of people with mental health disorders referred to the outpatient clinics of Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital and several private clinics in Tehran, Iran. Methods: First, a bilingual psychiatrist translated the scale into Persian. Content and face validity were then evaluated by six psychiatrists. A pilot test was conducted with ten patients to assess comprehensibility. A back translation into English was performed by a non-professional, and the result was compared to the original version by a bilingual psychiatrist. The final Persian version of the questionnaire was administered to 347 patients with various mental health disorders, recruited from Roozbeh Hospital, a referral psychiatry hospital, and several private clinics in Tehran. Demographic characteristics were collected via questionnaires, and the type of disorder was determined based on the specialist's evaluation. This process was conducted from October 2023 to May 2024. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were calculated, and internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald's Omega tests. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to explore and understand the data structure. Results: The Persian version demonstrated reasonable comprehensibility and translation equivalence, ensuring both semantic and content equivalence. The SSOSH achieved a CVI &gt; 0.8 and CVR &gt; 0.96. All items obtained an acceptable score (greater than 1.5) for face validity. The internal consistency of the total score was good (α = 0.733, ω = 0.818). The EFA revealed that the Persian version had three factors accounting for 57% of the total variance, and the CFA suggested this model fits the data reasonably well, though there is room for improvement. Conclusions: The Persian SSOSH scale exhibits good internal consistency and acceptable face and content validity for use in Persian-speaking patients with mental health disorders. While the three-factor structure identified by the EFA requires further investigation, the application of this tool among other Iranians warrants additional evaluation.

Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Being a Mother scale.

Becoming a mother is a very important process because of the impact it can have on women and their families. Currently, there is no validated questionnaire that evaluates the process of becoming a mother in the Spanish population. Moreover, no consistent results have been obtained to identify significant differences between primiparous and multiparous mothers. (1) Linguistic and metric validation of the Being a Mother scale (BaM-13) in the Spanish population, (2) analysis of possible differences between primiparous and multiparous mothers' experience of motherhood. Instrumental design. In 2016-2017, a sample of 579 mothers with children between 6 and 11 months of age completed the Spanish version of BaM-13. The instrument was translated using forward and back translation. Construct validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity were empirically analyzed. Factorial analyses showed that the scale presented two adequate factors. Internal consistency of the global scale (α=0.818, ω=0.861), the Postnatal bonding factor (α=0.773, ω=0.784), and the Adult's experience factor (α=0.710, ω=0.721) was adequate. Significant associations were found with postpartum depression (r=0.560), parental competence (r=-0.584) and postnatal bonding (r=-0.327). In terms of parity, primiparous mothers have greater difficulty in postnatal bonding, compared to multiparous mothers (p=0.006). The Spanish version of the BaM-13 scale is valid for measuring mothers' experience of motherhood in a wide range of domains. The findings of the study show the importance of considering parity in the experience of becoming a mother, highlighting the approach to postnatal bonding in primiparous mothers. Additionally, we underline that it should not be assumed that multiparous mothers experience fewer difficulties in their motherhood process.

Translation and initial cross-cultural adaptation of the tool for support-gradual return-to-work for persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain to the Swedish setting.

A well-defined and clear procedure is a key factor supporting return-to-work and enhancing collaboration and understanding between employers and employees. The adaptation of the Tool for Support-Gradual Return to Work, TS-GRTW, addresses relevant cultural aspects valuable for wider adoption. develop a Swedish version, the GRTWswe, for implementation and integration into the Swedish labor market's RTW process. This involved translating, culturally adapting, and assessing the appropriateness and utility. In the initial step, a double back translation was performed to create an initial translated version. This version was then utilized in individual consultations, accompanied by an agreement questionnaire. For the subsequent step, group consultations were held to refine and customize the tool to suit the Swedish context. Ten occupational therapists completed the questionnaires, with mean agreement scores surpassing three on a four-point scale. Out of these, nine participated in group consultations. The findings suggest the requirement for specific modifications to the GRTWswe. These adaptations are essential because of cultural differences in organizational structures and reference frameworks. Moreover, participants unanimously agreed to broaden the scope of target groups, encompassing employees without regard for diagnosis and expanding the range of professions that can utilize this tool. This step aims to enhance the tool's applicability and usefulness. The study found strong alignment between questionnaire responses and group consultations outcomes, affirming the adapted tool's suitability for use in a Swedish context. The tool benefits employers and employees by enhancing communication, encouraging collaboration, and structuring processes, promising lasting improvements to work conditions.

150 - Back translation of IC/BPS patients´ phenotypes based on sensory testing and depression traits into animal models

150 - Back translation of IC/BPS patients´ phenotypes based on sensory testing and depression traits into animal models

Abstract A115: Utilizing digital storytelling to improve the recruitment of Black and Hispanic patients for a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer screening trial

Abstract Introduction: Clinical genomics leads to more effective cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Prostate cancer (PC) significantly impacts Black and Hispanic men, but participation in clinical trials and PC risk management methods like genetic testing and screening remains low. Barriers to diversity and inclusion in clinical trials include cultural and socioeconomic factors. Digital storytelling is an effective tool for building trust and increasing community engagement. We aim to develop and assess the use of digital storytelling to improve recruitment of Black and Hispanic patients in a trial for men at high genetic risk for developing PC (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03805919) and raise awareness of genetic testing and enrollment in clinical trials within these communities. Methods: Guided by the Assessing Community Engagement Conceptual Model, we will establish a community advisory panel (CAP) comprised of patient advocates, community, and clinical partners with a strong interest in increasing clinical trial representation of Black and Hispanic patients at high genetic risk for developing PC. CAP participants will be identified from existing partners and through snowballing techniques, which involve asking partners to recommend other CAP participants. The CAP will co-design storytelling interview questions, baseline, and outcome assessments and collectively determine effective methods for digital story dissemination. To evaluate the impact of storytelling on awareness, interest, and participation in genetic testing, medical management, and clinical trial recruitment among Black and Hispanic men, outcome assessments co-designed with the CAP will be administered pre and post-video viewing and include viewer qualitative interviews. Results: Filmed interviews with Black and Hispanic participants will be conducted. Interviews will focus on participant experiences with clinical trials, genetic testing, and cancer risk management. Interview transcripts will be in English and Spanish with forward and back translation to ensure accuracy using National Institutes of Health resources. Local and national partners, community organizations, faith-based institutions, healthcare facilities, and advocacy groups identified by the CAP will facilitate dissemination. Digital stories will be distributed across various multimedia platforms to maximize outreach and accessibility, including community web platforms, social media channels, podcasts, local radio stations, educational workshops, health fairs, cultural events, churches, and support groups. Conclusion: Building strategies for improving patient-centered care delivery and community engagement within culturally diverse populations will enhance clinical trial diversity and inclusion. Using digital storytelling as a recruitment strategy for clinical trials can foster trust, engagement, and participation within Black and Hispanic communities. Study findings will contribute to future clinical trial design and recruitment to enhance underrepresented minority participation in clinical research. Citation Format: Yi Liu, Brenda Adjei, Anna Couvillon, Kathleen Calzone, Fatima Karzai. Utilizing digital storytelling to improve the recruitment of Black and Hispanic patients for a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer screening trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A115.

French translation of the Peyronie's disease questionnaire: A pilot study

French translation of the Peyronie's disease questionnaire: A pilot study

An Empirical Investigation of Organizational Readiness towards Hospital Autonomy.

We aimed to investigate Tehran's University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) affiliated hospitals organizational readiness toward implementing the 'Autonomous Hospitals' program as a change initiative from a managerial perspective in 2020. A census covering all eligible managers working in TUMS affiliated hospitals, Tehran, Iran (350 individuals) was carried out. Overall, 281 questionnaires were returned (a 30% non-responsiveness rate). A standard construct was adopted for data collection which was validated through a process of translation- back translation, face validity, and content validity (CVI=0.86, CVR=0.76). The reliability was acquired using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.87 and over 0.7). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to draw conclusions .SPSS 26 was used for data analysis. Total organizational readiness for change (TORC) in hospitals was 60.75%±10.11 showing a state of medium to upper-medium readiness status. Also, the 'Clear mandate and centralized leadership' theme scored the lowest mean (53.02%±15.78) for ORC. 'Hospital accreditation level' (r=-0.14, P≤0.05), 'bed occupancy rate' (r=-0.19, P ≤0.05), and 'leadership status' (r=0.26, P≤0.001), also showed significant association with TORC. In addition, 'standardized bed occuPancy rate' (P≤0.05, B=-2.41), a 'male' leader (P ≤0.05, B=3.42), and 'academic affiliation' (P≤0. 1, B=-9.52), were good Predictors of TORC based on 'Backward Multiple Linear Regression' analysis. Full support from hospital and headquarters executives, delegation of sufficient decision-making authority to hospital managers, and implementation of comprehensive performance evaluation criteria were prerequisites for robust hospital autonomy in TUMS-affiliated hospitals.

Klasifikasi Sentimen Untuk Mengetahui Kecenderungan Politik Pengguna X Pada Calon Presiden Indonesia 2024 Menggunakan Metode IndoBert

X has evolved into one of the most popular social media platforms in the world. In Indonesia, the use of X is quite widespread, especially in discussions about the presidential election, which is currently a hot topic. Everyone has different views on the candidates, both positive and negative. With a large amount of tweet data from users, this information can serve as a data source for processing and analysis. Various methods can be used to analyze and classify sentiment from this data, one of which is using BERT. This research conducts sentiment classification using BERT with the IndoBert model. The research aims to classify sentiments towards tweets related to the 2024 Indonesian presidential election to understand the political inclinations of X users, evaluate the performance of the IndoBert model in sentiment classification, and assess the extent to which back translation augmentation and synonym augmentation techniques can enhance the model's performance. Data was collected using crawling techniques for seven days leading up to the election and manually labeled by annotators. Synonym augmentation and back translation techniques were used to balance data in minority classes. The data was divided into 80% training data, 10% test data, and 10% validation data. The classification process was conducted using the IndoBert model that had been fine-tuned. The research results show that IndoBert with synonym augmentation achieved the highest accuracy, which was 82% in the first experiment and 81% in the second experiment. On the other hand, back translation only reached an accuracy of 78% in the first experiment and 74% in the second experiment. This indicates that synonym augmentation proved to be more effective in increasing data variation and model performance on the dataset used in this research.

Language Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Italian Version of the Family Caregiver Quality of Life Scale.

Heart failure significantly impacts healthcare systems and society, affecting quality of life (QoL) due to its symptoms and continuous care needs. Nurses are crucial in managing heart failure, supporting both patients and caregivers who face physical, emotional, social, and spiritual challenges. The Family Caregiver Quality of Life (FAMQOL) scale evaluates caregivers' QoL across all dimensions. This study aims to translate and culturally adapt the FAMQOL from English to Italian, enhancing its utility in nursing research and practice to better identify and support caregiver well-being. Following EORTC guidelines (2017), the FAMQOL underwent linguistic validation and cultural adaptation. This included independent forward translations from English to Italian, back translations, and reconciliation discussions to produce a testable translation. A pilot test with 15 caregivers assessed the questionnaire's acceptability and comprehensibility. Linguistic adjustments ensured the questionnaire's understandability in Italian. Interviews confirmed its acceptability and comprehensibility, with minor modifications enhancing clarity. The translation process successfully adapted the FAMQOL for Italian caregivers. This tool is essential for nursing research and practice, providing a culturally relevant assessment of the burden of care. It allows targeted interventions to support health workers, intercepting the QoL of caregivers early and, consequently, the well-being of patients with heart failure.

Turkish Validity and Reliability of Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire

Introduction: Overweight and obesity in childhood is a serious health problem. It causes many health problems; especially cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Family eating behaviors, habits, home eating, and physical activity environment play an important role in shaping children’s behaviors and determining their weight status. Identification of these factors may be effective in the treatment and prevention of weight problems in children. In the literature review, a Turkish scale that could measure these factors could not be reached. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Turkish validity and reliability of the Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire-Revised. Method: The text of scale was translated into Turkish using group translation and back translation methods. Firstly, as a pilot study group, pre-tests and retests were applied to the parents of students from different schools in Adana with a three-week interval. Then, in the main study group, the scale was applied to the parents in schools and parents of children in outpatient clinics. Findings: In the pilot study; Cronbach’s alpha value was 0,787 showing internal consistency, and the r value was calculated as 0,761 (p&amp;lt;0,001) according to the Pearson correlation analysis showing the correlation between the pretest and retest. In the main study, Cronbach’s alpha value was 0,780. The total scores of overweight/obese children were significantly higher than the total scores of normal-weight children. The total score of the scale was able to determine the weight status of the child with 71 % success. Results: According to these validity and reliability values; it can be suggested that the Turkish version of the Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire-Revised can be used in a similar Türkiye population.