Back Ground Research Articles

Impact of Irrigation and Fertigation Levels on Growth, Yield Components and Yield of Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Drip System

Back ground: More than half of the world’s population depends on rice, which is grown in transplanting conditions. Due to the global water crisis, irrigated rice systems are no longer sustainable. Therefore, cultivating aerobic rice with drip irrigation and fertigation meets the crop water and nutrient requirements, results in the optimal yield. Method: A field experiment was conducted during summer 2022 and 2023 at Research Farm of Wetland in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to evaluate the performance of aerobic rice under drip irrigation and fertigation levels on growth and yield of Co-51 variety. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with combination of thirteen treatments, replicated thrice. Results: Among different treatments, drip fertigation @ 100% PE up to 30 DAS+150% PE up to 60 DAS+ 200% PE up to 90 DAS with 125% RDF (25% through NF+75% through WSF) resulted significantly superior growth characters viz., higher plant height (92.54 and 95.95 cm), no. of tiller m-2(469.78 and 478.42), total drymatter production m-2 (988.21 and 1025.42 g m-2), no. of filled grains panicle-1 (107.5 and 114.5), total no. of grains panicle-1 (122.6 and 127.1), fertility percentage (87.7% and 90.1%) and lower no. of ill filled grains panicle-1 (15.1 and 12.6), grain yield (4316 and 4446 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5528 and 5775 kg ha-1) as compared to others, during summer 2022 and 2023, respectively.

Not one, but many: developing a multi-indication pricing model for medicines in Belgium.

Back ground: Current pricing and reimbursement models that focus on one indication at a time are not suited to address the market access of multi-indication medicines. Therefore, the aim of this study is to co-create with Belgian stakeholders a multi-indication pricing model and procedural pathway, to identify conditions for implementation, and to illustrate the multi-indication pricing model with a case study. Methods: Different multi-indication pricing models were identified from the literature, case studies and pilots in other countries. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 representatives from the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance, insurance funds, clinicians, patients, the policy cell of the Minister of Health, pharmaceutical industry and academia. These provided insight in the opinions of stakeholders about possible multi-indication pricing models and their feasibility in the Belgian context. Agreement on the preferred multi-indication pricing model and procedural pathway was reached in a multi-stakeholder round table. Results: The international review generated four main multi-indication pricing models that vary in terms of whether a uniform price or differential prices are applied, whether prices are adjusted for the volume and/or value of the medicine in each indication, and whether a proactive or retroactive dynamic pricing approach is used. However, Belgian stakeholders preferred a fifth model, which sets a single price as the volume- and value-weighted average price across all indications at launch. Over time, the price is adapted based on volume and value of the medicine in real-life practice for each indication. To implement this model, a legal framework, horizon scanning and early dialogue, data infrastructure, an evidence plan for the medicine, technical expertise and governance model need to be developed. Conclusion: Although the multi-indication pricing model preferred by Belgian stakeholders raises the administrative burden, it allows for the price of a medicine to vary during the lifecycle based on its initial and real-life performance in multiple indications.

The Awareness of the Medical and House Officers about Child Management at Omdurman Military Dental Hospital (Sudan) in 2020

Back ground: The first dental visit is crucial in the formation of the child’s attitude toward dentistry and future treatment success. A dental appointment is a stressful situation, which raises children’s anxiety level and avoidance behavior. Several behavioral management approaches have been practiced to reduce distress during dental treatment, such as tell show-do, distraction, modeling, hypnotism, and pharmacological means. Objective: To assess the awareness of the dentists (house and medical officers) about child management at Omdurman Military Hospital in 2020. Methods: A destructive cross sectional study, with a sample size of 104 medical and house officers were recruited into the study. Data was collected using a self-administrated closed- ended questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic (age, gender, residence) and other parts that included awareness about knowledge and attitude regarding child management. Data was analyzed with the aid of Microsoft Excel and the SPSS version 25.0 statistical software program (SPSS, Inc., USA).Results were presented in the form of tables, figures and, texts. Results: The results of this study showed that (95%) of participants studied child behavior management in their curriculum. However, (44%) of them got their knowledge from the internet. The majority of dentists used the Tell- Show- Do technique (68%), and (53%) of the participants in this study thought that parent presence during the treatment was necessary. Also, about (90%) of participants thought that the use of audiovisual methods during treatment was useful, and (96%) of them thought that the first visit impression was a critical issue for ultimate success in future treatment. 45 % of participants had awareness about child management. Conclusion: The tell show do technique is the most used technique among house officers and medical officers in Omdurman military hospital , presence of parents is important as well as using advance technique , 45% of the participants had awareness about child management.

Chemical and oxidative properties of fine particulate matter from near-road traffic sources

The toxicity associated with the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has not been well studied, particularly in relation to the emissions from on-road vehicles and other sources in low- and middle-income countries such as India. Thus, a study was conducted to examine the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 at a roadside (RS) site with heavy vehicular traffic and an urban background (BG) site in Mumbai using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Simultaneous gravimetric PM2.5 was measured at both sites and characterized for carbonaceous constituents and water-soluble trace elements and metals. Results depicted higher PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC) concentrations on the RS than BG (by a factor of 1.7, 4.6, and 1.2, respectively), while BG had higher water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) levels (by a factor of 1.4) and a higher WSOC to OC ratio (86%), likely due to the dominance of secondary aerosol formation. In contrast, the measured OPDTTv at RS (8.9 ± 5.5 nmol/min/m3) and BG (8.1 ± 6.4 nmol/min/m3) sites were similar. However, OPDTTv at BG was higher during the afternoon, suggesting the influence of photochemical transformation on measured OPDTTv at BG. At RS, OC and redox-active metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe) were significantly associated with measured OP (p < 0.05), while at BG, WSOC was most strongly associated (p < 0.05). The coefficient of divergence (COD) for PM2.5, its chemical species, and OPDTTv was >0.2, indicating spatial heterogeneity between the sites, and differences in emission sources and toxicity. The estimated hazard index (HI) was not associated with OPDTTv, indicating that current PM2.5 mass regulations may not adequately capture the health effects of PM2.5. The study highlights the need for further studies examining PM2.5 toxicity and developing toxicity-based air quality regulations.

Management of Alternaria Leaf Spot using Available Fungicides (Combi Products) in Sunflower

Back ground: Alternariaster leaf blight caused by Alternariaster helianthi is an important disease on sunflower, caused yield losses upto 80%. It is seed and air borne. Management of this disease is very important to avoid yield losses, hence, this experiment was planned with available fungicides (combi products) in the market. Methods: A field experiment was carried out on management of Alternariaster leaf spot disease for three years i.e., kharif 2018, 2019 and 2020 at RARS, Nandyal under AICRP on Sunflower scheme. Seven treatments were imposed in three replications with different fungicides by using the hybrid KBSH-44 in RBD design. Result: Pooled analysis results indicated that among different treatments, the treatment T3: (Seed treatment with carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% wp @ 2g/kg seed followed by two foliar sprays with Trifloxystrobin 25%+ tebuconazole 50% (Nativo 75WG)@ 0.25g/l) has recorded low severity (PDI) of 37% with higher yield of 1382 kg/ha, which was followed by the treatment T1 (Seed treatment with carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP (SAAF 75 WP) @ 2g/kg seed followed by two foliar sprays with difenconazole 25% + propiconazole 25% (TASPA 500EC) @ 0.3 ml/l) has recorded disease severity (PDI) of 40.95% and yield of 1363 kg/ha, where as control recorded high PDI of 53.38% and lower yield of 1200 kg/ha. Regarding B:C ratio, the treatment T1 recorded high B:C ratio i.e., 1.65, followed by T4 and T3 recorded 1.59 and 1.57 respectively. Hence, it was concluded that above three treatments were recommended for disease management as they are on par with each other and recorded more B:C ratio than others.

Effect of blood flow restriction low resistance exercise on hemodynamic for coronary artery disease patients: Randomized Control Trial

Abstract:&#x0D; Back ground: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality. Although fewer individuals are dying from CHD, more people are living with the condition and may require assistance to manage their symptoms and prognosis. Objective: to determining the effectiveness of blood flow restriction low resistance exercise on the patients with coronary artery disease. Methodology: A randomized control trial that was performed on 100 patients referred for (cardiac rehabilitation unite, consultation) to the AL-Najaf Center for Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization. Patients were selected through non probability (purposively) and were randomly assigned into two groups of (50) patients in each one. The study group have been exposed to blood flow low resistance restriction exercises by the researcher. The group that has not been exposed to blood flow low resistance restriction exercises by the researcher are considered the control group. the study started from period 9 th February 2023 to 6th July 2023.Results: The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the study group and the control group pre use the blood flow restriction low resistance exercise and post use the exercise. conclusion: The study stated that the patients in study group who received the blood flow restriction low resistance exercise had decrease in the (heart rate, and blood pressure and Spo2) compared to the control group. recommendation: recommend the use of blood flow restriction low resistance exercises on patients with coronary arteries disease, because the study has proven that the exercise is effective and responds to hemodynamic.&#x0D;

A stabilized local RBF collocation method for incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

In this work, a stabilized local radial basis function (RBF) collocation method (LRBFCM) is proposed to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. An improved back ground fictitious grids or meshes technique is proposed to enhance the stability of the LRBFCM. The pressure is computed directly with the coupled velocity field in the Navier–Stokes equations. The explicit time-stepping scheme based on the forward Euler-method is employed for the time discretization, and the free surface of the flow is easy to capture as no numerical integration in the LRBFCM is needed. Numerical results show a high computational speed and a good stability of the proposed LRBFCM.

Blood Profiling of Athletes after COVID-19: Differences in Blood Profiles of Post-COVID-19 Athletes Compared to Uninfected Athletic Individuals-An Exploratory Analysis.

Blood profiling data in athletic populations and their respective responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are lacking. Thus, this exploratory pilot study aimed to analyze and compare clinical blood markers in previously infected trained athletes (ATH; 30 m/29 f) and a not previously infected healthy athletic control group (HC; 12 m/19 f). The ATH group undertook a sports medical examination which included extended blood analyses. Blood profiles with a total of 74 variables were assessed (blood counts, pro-/inflammatory and immunological markers, and micronutrients), and the ATH group was compared to the age-matched, vaccinated HC group with comparable athletic back grounds, though without previous SARS-CoV-2-infections. The ATH group showed lower IgG, Troponin-T levels, and they had a lower complement/acute-phase protein activation. Furthermore, Vitamin D levels were lower and electrolyte/micronutrient concentrations were higher in ATH. Soluble transferrin receptor as a marker of erythrocyte turnover was decreased whereas PTT as a coagulation marker was increased. Subgroup analyses according to sex revealed more differences between the women of the ATH and HC groups (for 25 different variables) than between the men (for 5 different variables), especially for immunological and metabolic variables. In particular, the immune system and electrolyte/micronutrient status should be observed frequently and sex-specifically in this athletic cohort.

Modification of transformer coupled permeameter for frequency extension

A broadband and high-sensitivity permeability measurement system that covers 10 MHz–20 GHz was previously developed and named the transformer coupled permeameter (TC-Perm). This paper describes the modifications of the TC-Perm system to further extend the operation frequency range on both the high and low frequency sides. In the previous system, the high frequency limit was set by a large notch appearing at around 22 GHz, which was considered to be caused by the excitation of two unwanted modes. In the new system, the jig design was modified to have a back ground plane and vias to suppress these unwanted modes, which resulted in a clean transmission characteristic over the entire frequency range up to 44 GHz. The low frequency limit is determined by the noise figure (NF) of the vector network analyzer input, which was measured to be ∼35 dB in the previous system configuration. The new system employed a low noise amplifier and analog switches to improve the NF to be 2.7 dB below 100 MHz. As a result of these modifications, the operation frequency range of the new TC-Perm system was extended to cover 1 MHz–44 GHz, which is sufficient for characterizing magnetic materials used in noise suppression sheets targeting fifth-generation millimeter-wave (5G mmWave) wireless communication.

Small extracellular vesicles derived from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in a new chemically-defined contaminate-free media exhibit enhanced biological and therapeutic effects on human chondrocytes in vitro and in a mouse osteoarthritis model.

Human small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) have been reported to suppress the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in animal studies and subsequently, translation of this potential to assess their clinical efficacy is anticipated. However, fabrication protocols for sEVs to eliminate potential contamination by culture medium-derived components need to be established prior to their clinical use. The purpose of the present studies was to elucidate the influence of medium-derived contaminants on the biological effects of sEVs, and to establish isolation methods for sEVs using a new clinical grade chemically-defined media (CDM). The quantity and purity of ASC-derived sEVs cultured in four different CDMs (CDM1, 2, 3 and 4) were evaluated. The concentrates of the four media incubated without cells were used as the background (BG) control for each set of sEVs. The biological effect of sEVs fabricated in the four different CDMs on normal human articular chondrocytes (hACs) were evaluated in vitro using a variety of methodological assessments. Finally, the sEVs with the highest purity were tested for their ability to suppress the progression of knee OA mouse model. Analysis of the BG controls revealed that CDM1-3 contained detectable particles, while there was no visible contamination of culture media-derived components detected with CDM4. Accordingly, the sEVs fabricated with CDM4 (CDM4-sEVs) exhibited the highest purity and yield. Notably, the CDM4-sEVs were the most efficient in promoting the cellular proliferation, migration, chondrogenic differentiation, and anti-apoptotic activity of hACs. Furthermore, CDM4-sEVs significantly suppressed the osteochondral degeneration in vivo model. Small EVs derived from ASCs cultured in a CDM without detectable contaminants demonstrated enhanced biological effects on hACs and the progression of OA. Thus, sEVs isolated with CDM4 most optimally meet the requirements of efficacy and safety for assessment in their future clinical applications.

Statistical Approach on Perception of Employees Attainments in the Milieu of Non-Public Organisations

Purpose: The aim of this study is to comprehend the various syndromes that influence the performance of individual employees and other factors that have an impact on employee’s performance. Theoretical framework: Employees are encouraged by management to help facilitate the transition to the new market scenario. Only a balance between work life and family will enable an individual to have a peaceful and healthy life. Indeed, the two factors mentioned above are important considerations for living standards. Design/methodology/approach: This paper aims to investigate the factors that influence employee performance in non-public organization’s context. The study involves 145 employees from non-public organizations, 56.55% male and 43.44% female, of ages 27 to 45 years. The participants were selected at random from well-known non-public organizations. This study employed a descriptive-quantitative research design. Findings: The findings show that job-related training, working conditions, family background, workload, and digital knowledge all have a significant impact on employees’ performance. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: This study considers job-oriented training, working conditions, work load, employee’s family back ground and their digital knowledge to measure employee’s performance. However clear communication,defining roles,trust leadership and and other variables could also be considered by future researchers on this study. Originality/value: Using statistical Modelling in understanding Perceptions on employee’s performance was hardly adopted in these types of studies and other variables could also be considered by future researchers on this study.

اُردو کی یک کتابی طویل نظموں کا اسلامی دروبست

Presentation of Islamic concepts, glorious history and the current prospect of the Muslim Ummaah have had been the favorite subject of our Urdu poets. Such content has been presented in various forms and genres but it was specially elaborated in the long poems. Long poem has special features and distinctions. In this article such long poems have been discussed that are compiled in a book and one volume shape. Here are some long poems that have been introduced and discussed in details i.e., wrote long poems with Islamic historical back ground.

Effect of cerebrospinal fluid area mask correction on 123I-FP-CIT SPECT images in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) area mask correction reduces the influence of low [123I]-N-fluoropropyl-2b-carbomethoxy-3b-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) accumulation in the volume of interest (VOI) by CSF area dilatation on the specific binding ratio (SBR) calculated using the Southampton method. We assessed the effect of CSF area mask correction on the SBR for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) characterized by CSF area dilatation.MethodsWe enrolled 25 patients with iNPH who were assessed using 123I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before shunt surgery or the tap test. The SBRs with and without CSF area mask correction were calculated, and changes in quantitative values were verified. Additionally, the number of voxels in the striatal and background (BG) VOI before and after CSF area mask correction were extracted. The number of voxels after correction was subtracted from that before correction, and the volume removed by the CSF area mask correction was calculated. The volumes removed from each VOI were compared to verify their effect on SBR.ResultsThe images of 20 and 5 patients with SBRs that were decreased and increased, respectively, by CSF area mask correction showed that the volumes removed from the BG region VOI were higher and lower, respectively than those in the striatal region.ConclusionsThe SBR before and after CSF area mask correction was associated with the ratio of the volume removed from the striatal and BG VOIs, and the SBR was high or low according to the ratio. The results suggest that CSF area mask correction is effective in patients with iNPH.Trial registrationThis study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) as UMIN study ID: UMIN000044826. 11/07/2021.

The Role of CT Angiography Above Echocardiography in Evaluations of Congenital Heart Disease in TCH (2013-2018)

Back ground: Congenital heart disease (CHD) one of the most commonly occurring congenital anomaly, affecting 4-10/1000 live births, Echocardiography is the mainstay of diagnosis, the recent developments in CT techniques increasing role of CT in the evaluation of congenital heart disease that minimize the radiation exposure particularly for children. Objective: This study is performed to assess and high light the role of multi-detector computed tomography (CT angiography) in the evaluation of cardiovascular abnormalities as (Cono- truncal defects) in children and the Clinical indications above trans-thoracic echocardiography. Method: This study included 70 patients, they were referred or following in pediatric cardiology clinic at TCH from January 2013 till October 2018. All patients presented with history or clinical suspicion of Cono- truncal defect were included in the study, for all patient's full history and clinical examination were obtained. An echocardiography examination was done. CT angiography was performed by Philips machine (16 segment). Results: Pulmonary anomalies represent the majority of detected congenital defects in our study, represent 37 cases (53 %) and the commonest pulmonary anomaly is pulmonary stenosis. The majority of patient shows the same finding in echocardiography &amp; CT angiography which represent 47 cases (67.1%), while in 12 cases (17%) CT angiography add more details in regards to the size of the great vessels and the peripheral structure (peripheral pulmonary arteries), while CT angiography rule-out the echocardiography finding in only 11 cases (15 %). Out of 23 cases of patients with Aortic anomaly, 19 cases (82.6%) have the same finding in echocardiography while in 3 cases (13%) the result of CT rolled out the echo finding, and 29 (78.4%) cases out of 37 cases with pulmonary anomalies have same finding in both echocardiography and CT angiography. Conclusion: We conclude that CT angiography is considered a non-invasive diagnostic tool complementary to the cardiac echocardiography in the diagnosis of complex heart defects especially in pulmonary anomalies. Recommendation: Similar study need to be conducted with large sample to confirm the extent of this finding.

Showthrough and Strikethrough print defect detection using histogram equalization based computer vision method

This paper presents a comparatively simple approach for showthrough and strikethrough print defect detection using computer vision method. Showthrough and strikethrough are common printing problem and are typically functions of a paper’s opacity. Under normal lighting condition the visibility of printing on the reverse side of printed paper is termed as showthrough whereas the penetration of ink to the other side is termed as strikethrough. Moreover the intensity of showthrough pixel is extremely low thus it is difficult to identify the showthrough pixel from the printed area. On the other hand strikethrough is the result of penetration of ink through paper and depends on the absorbent nature of paper. Comparatively the intensity of the strikethrough pixel is higher than that of the showthrough but due to similar intensity of the ink of the printed pixel and strikethrough pixel, both overlapped with each other in the foreground of the image. These print defects can degrade the image quality as well as print production. In this study, the detection of these two print defects achieved using histogram equalization technique, to enhance the contrast between foreground and back ground pixels. A global thresholding algorithm was applied on a his-togram equalized image to segment the printed area from the background of the image. Pixels in the background which are considered as showthrough and strike through pixels are identified by image subtraction. The pictorial representations of the results show the remarkable potential of the proposed technique which can be possible alternative of present subjective measures of showthrough and strikethrough.

The Incidence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Diabetic Type 2 Sudanese Patients

Back Ground: Peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is linked to greater mortality rates and a frequent occurrence of impairment in diabetic patients after the amputation of an extremity, is one of the main macro-vascular consequences associated with diabetes mellitus. Objectives: In order to assess the prevalence and risk of PAD in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at Atbara Teaching Hospital in Atbara, River Nile State, Sudan. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytic hospital-based study was carried out in Nassir Alden Awadallah Diabetic Center at Atbara Teaching Hospital from July to November 2022. The information was taken from interviews to 100 type 2 diabetic patients who visited the diabetes center and they were selected randomly. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 was used to examine the data. The participating hospital and the ministry of health approved the present study after conducting an ethical review. Result: 22% of patients, out of a total of 100%, had PAD manifestations. Age, smoking, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were all correlated significantly with PAD. As a crucial macro-vascular complication of type 2 diabetes, 14% of participants were having lower limbs amputation. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes were at high risk for PAD. Age, BMI, and smoking were all strongly linked to PAD.

Preferred Mode of Delivery among Pregnant Women, A cross Sectional Survey

Back ground: Pregnancy is a time of utter excitement, joy, and anticipation. As expectant mothers prepare for the arrival of their little ones, one of the most significant decisions they will make is choosing a delivery method. This research paper was conducted to provide pregnant women with a comprehensive guide to support them in reaching an informed decision that suits their needs and preferences. Methodology: The study was conducted on 500 pregnant women admitted to various hospitals in Lahore from January 2022 to June 2022. The participants were given a thorough questionnaire that explored their obstetric history, medical conditions, birth preferences, and delivery methods. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize numerical data. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the associations between different categorical variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the females 68% preferred vaginal births, while 32% chose cesarean sections. The most common reasons for choosing vaginal births were a faster recovery time 58%, less postoperative pain 22%, and a lower risk of complications 20%. Implication: This is done through various platforms, including social media campaigns, television adverts, and community outreach programs. By providing expectant mothers with accurate information and sufficient support, healthcare providers can enable them to make informed decisions. This will reduce the risk of unnecessary maternal and infant complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, awareness-raising is crucial to promote informed decision-making by expectant mothers and support safer and healthier childbirths. This research serves as a valuable tool for healthcare providers to provide expectant mothers with accurate information and support to make informed decisions. Keywords: C Section, Vaginal delivery, Mode of delivery, Preference

Consideration of technique for prevention of phrenic nerve injury due to right pulmonary vein ablation of atrial fibrillation

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Back ground: Right phrenic nerve injury has been known well as a rare complication associated with ablation of right pulmonary vein (RPV) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and pace mapping of the sites where the nerve can be stimulated from the endocardium has been the most commonly accepted real-time technique. Purpose To assess techniques of right phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) and to consider effective ablation while avoiding phrenic nerve injury (PNI). Methods The consecutive 240 patients who underwent the initial radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of AF during May 2018 to July 2022 were studied retrospectively. All patients were performed point- by-point ablation and they had PNS from the ablation catheter for each point before ablation the anterior line of RPV. RFCA was performed with a 3.5 mm irrigated catheter using Carto3. Results Mean age 72.7-years, female 95 (39.6%), 123 patients (51.3%) with paroxysmal AF (PAF), mean body mass index (BMI) 23.4 kg/m2, mean left atrial diameter (LAD) 43.3mm. 5 patients (2.1%) confirmed capture on PNS given at 10v stimulation. Although the five patients had nothing in common in terms of age, gender, BMI, or LAD, the site of PNS capture was almost identical, from RPV carina to right superior pulmonary veins (RSPV) anterior area (Fig.1-5). The area captured by 10v stimulation is often large, diverting the ablation largely to the anterior wall to avoid PNI, which can contribute to recurrence if there is epicardial conduction from the right atrium. Therefore, in order to reduce the application area, pace map with 5v stimulation was performed and it detailed PN positioning. The yellow tags in Fig. 1-4 and light blue tags in Fig 5 showed pointes of PNS capture stimulated by 5v. There was no PNS capture exactly next to these tags and no PNI was occurred by RFCA there. RFCA including just next to the area of PNS capture was performed at the surgeon's discretion with an output of 30-45w, 10-25 seconds, and ablation index (AI) target of 400-450, and RPV isolation was achieved without PNI in all patients. Four months later, one patient showed in Fig.1 had recurrent AF, but no reconnection between 4PV and LA was recognized at the 2nd session. Conclusion 2.1% of all patients showed PNS capture in this study. The area of PNS capture was almost same, and a pace map by 5v was effective for detailed identification of the area. Furthermore, PNI did not appear when the application was added just next to the area identified in 5v.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): A missed diagnosis

One of the most common cause for “unexplained shortness of breath” is heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), that is frequently missed by the physician. Untill the wide use of BNP/NT ProBNP the term even remained unfamaliar to many of them. More over the concepts that, to make a diagnosis of HFpEF, a diastolic dysfunction is mandatory accounts for another cause of missing the diagnosis of HFpEF.The reality is Half of the all forms of heart failure is attributed to HFpEF. The diagnosis based on : the symptom of heart failure, the raised BNP/NT Pro BNP and any of the two of the either left venticular hypertrophy (LVH)/ left atrial enlargement (LAE) or features of diastolic dysfunction( as assessed by an echocadiography).The first criteria that is the symptom of heart failure is often non specific and frequently difficult to distinguish from other clinical conditions. The levels of BNP/NT ProBNP also needed to be defined according to various clinical conditions where there may be raised level of this biomarkers in the absence of heart failure.On the other hand the echocardiographic detection of LVH, LAE or left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is either time consuming or inconclusive in many patients. The various clinical phenotypes of HFpEF in the clinical back ground also make it diffcult to “fit one size for all”. Our presentation will focus on the various facets of missed diagnosed HFpEF. Bangladesh J Medicine 2023; Vol. 34, No. 2(1) Supplement: 181-182

Lipid Peroxidation and Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of the tricin extracted from rice bran

Back ground: Rice bran is an industrial waste resulting from the grain milling process. Consisting of husk, aleurone, and fractions. It contains many nutrients, including soluble and insoluble fiber, vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins, and phytochemicals such as Ɣ-oryzanol, tocopherols, tocotrienols and tricin which has health-beneficial properties.&#x0D; Objective: The aim of research to estimate antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of rice bran of the commercial jasmine variety and the tricin compound purified from it, by the method of nitric oxide suppression activity and the effectiveness of inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and the effect of the temperatures (63, 72,72, 85,100, 121,121, and 138) Co and the pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8) in the activity.&#x0D; Materials and methods: Samples of rice bran of the commercial jasmine variety were collected from Al-Tahbeesh sites in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf for the year (2021). The aqueous extract was prepared using the maceration in boiling distilled water with a temperature of 70 C°, and the crystals of tricin were isolated by using a silica gel column (60) and solvents recovery n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. This process resulted in nine parts (A-I) of the ethyl acetate solvent, concentrated in a rotary evaporator and left in the refrigerator 48 hours with the addition of chloroform to it. Needle-shaped yellow crystals were obtained, which were used to estimate antioxidant activity. &#x0D; Results: The effectiveness of purified tricin as an ability to inhibit nitric oxide was higher than that of the aqueous extract of rice bran and ascorbic acid at percentages of (97.82, 72.99 and 77.20)% respectively at a concentration of 400 µg / ml, the highest concentration used, also tricin was superior in inhibiting lipid peroxidation of 98.31% over the aqueous extract of rice bran of the commercial jasmine variety 81.28% and ascorbic acid 93.10 at the same concentration, purified tricin showed stability towards temperatures at times (30 min, 15 sec, 30 min, 1 min, 30 min, 5 min, 15 min and 2 sec) higher than that of the aqueous extract in both methods, as the effectiveness ratios of tricin by nitric oxide suppression method reached (64.25, 53.87, 42.78, 47.44, 38.48, 45.74 , 39.04 and 36.13)% respectively, and by the lipid peroxide suppression method (90.73, 85.06, 63.32, 77.50, 32.27, 76.65, 35.06 and 25.30) % respectively, the two methods of effectiveness were used to estimate the stability of the aqueous extract of rice bran and the tricin towards different pH. The effectiveness of tricin was higher than the aqueous extract of rice bran at all tested numbers, and the highest effectiveness of tricin at pH (pH7) with the method of inhibiting nitric oxide and inhibiting lipid peroxidation was (46.56 and 90.92)% respectively. &#x0D; Conclusion: purified tricin higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract using both methods, and showed higher stability towards changes in temperature and during different time periods, and higher stability towards a change in pH, especially in neutral conditions compared to acidic conditions and basal.