Baby Skin Research Articles

An integrative multi‐omic analysis reveals a major metabolic rewiring between baby foreskin keratinocytes and adult female abdominal keratinocytes

Even though its development starts early in utero, neonatal skin is still immature at birth relative to adult and undergoes a maturation process extending to the first years of life. It is now established that the stratum corneum is thinner and dryer and that skin contains less natural moisturizing factors and lipids in newborns compared to children and adults. Moreover, it has been shown that skin surface area expansion is not linear throughout life and is peaking perinatally, suggesting that baby skin has a higher epidermal cellular turnover. Despite growing resources showing differences between adult and infant skin physiology, molecular and metabolic specificities of baby skin are still poorly understood. To address this critical knowledge gap, we performed an integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic study comparing human primary foreskin and abdominal keratinocytes from male babies and female adults, respectively. Based on state‐of‐the‐art integrative frameworks, our analyses revealed a major shift in the global energetic metabolism in baby foreskin keratinocytes compared to adult abdominal keratinocytes, highlighting increased amino acid metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in baby cells to fuel the citric acid cycle, while showing glycolysis as the major cell energy source in adult cells.

The Relationship Between Diaper Use and Skin Irritation Incidence in Toddlers Aged 0-3 Years at PMB Ani Mahmudah SST Lamongan

Diaper rash is a skin problem in the genital area of ​​infants and toddlers, which is characterized by the appearance of red patches on the skin. Baby's skin is still sensitive because its functions are still developing, especially in the epidermis or the outermost layer of the skin which provides natural protection for the skin from the surrounding environment. Continuous use of diapers for too long will increase the sensitivity of the baby's skin so that it can cause skin irritation. That's why baby's skin is more sensitive and prone to skin disorders. Disorders that usually arise in the form of a skin rash known as diaper rash or diaper rash. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the use of instant diapers and the incidence of diaper rash in toddlers aged 0-3 years at PMB Ani Maheasy SST, Kab. Lamongan Year 2021. The design in this research is an observational analytic with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all toddlers aged 0-3 years at PMB Ani Maheasy, SST Lamongan from January to February 2021. A sample of 29 people was obtained using the Simple Random Sampling technique. The independent variable is diaper use and the dependent variable is the incidence of skin irritation. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet in the form of a checklist regarding the variables of diaper use and the incidence of skin irritation compiled by researchers who had conducted validity and reliability tests, then the results were analyzed using the chi square test with a significant level of = 0.05. Based on the results of statistical tests using the Chi-square value, the results of p value: 0.000 < α:0.05 indicate that there is a relationship between the use of instant diapers and the incidence of diaper rash in toddlers aged 0-3 years at PMB Ani Maheasy SST, Kab. Lamongan Year 2021. p value: 0.000 < α:0.05. The solution for using diapers with skin irritation in toddlers is by washing their hands with regular soap before touching the baby's genitals, and the mother's behavior in playing an important role in caring for the little one should check the baby's diaper as often, if skin irritation occurs, apply a cream/ointment to prevent irritation. It is expected that existing health workers such as posyandu cadres can provide information about how to use instant diapers properly, such as information about when is the right time to change diapers and the right type of diaper to use on babies to avoid rashes in babies as a result of using instant diapers.

HUBUNGAN PEMAKAIAN DISPOSIBLE DIAPERS DENGAN KEJADIAN RUAM POPOK PADA BAYI USIA 0-12

Diaper rash is often caused by the use of the wrong diaper because does not immediately change the diaper after the baby urinates and defecates. If stool mixes with urine, there will be formation of ammonia (a substance from baby feces) which causes increased acidity of the skin resulting in irritation to the baby's skin. Usually also occurs because using disposable diapers exceeds the capacity, the skin becomes moist, so that friction occurs, the skin is easily irritated, this facilitates the growth of germs and fungi. Aim : To find out the relationship of use diapers with the incidence of diaper rash in infants aged 0-12 months. This study is an analytical study with a cross sectional study design with a sample of 15 taken by porposive sampling technique. Data analysis used bivariate analysis with chi-square test statistic test. Result : It can be seen that of the 15 respondents, most of the babies using dispossible diapers were 9 people (60.0%) who had diaper rash as many as 8 people (53.3%) and those who did not experience diaper rash were 1 person (6.7%) while babies who did not use dispossible diapers were 6 people (40.0%), and those who did not experience diaper rash were 6 people (40.0%).

CLOTHES DEVELOPMENT BASED ON METHODS OF HANDLING OF PREMATURE BABIES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

The health of children born prematurely remains a significant challenge, but clothing products designed considering medical requirements and handling methods used in the intensive care unit, may contribute to the reduction of neonatal mortality. Assistants in the therapy unit implement practices based on the needs of vulnerable infants, from the very first second of life. This pilot clinical study was conducted in a specialised on neonatal intensive care unit, at the IMSP Municipal Clinical Hospital Gheorghe Paladi from Chisinau. Informed consent of parents and/or careers was required. All users (nurses and doctors) were informed about the product and instructed regarding dressing and undressing process. This controlled study was conducted under the supervision of doctors and nurses. As the study was exploratory in nature, aspects of grounded theory have been used for qualitative data collection. The sample studied consists of preterm infants less than 30 weeks GA, admitted by UTIN in 2018. The population eligible for qualitative data collection was made up of neonatology nurses from the clinic. To obtain a heterogeneous sample, aspects such as age, work experience, environment, and education were considered. The method of observation and subsequent testing used of the newly designed products and every manipulation under medical conditions was intensely studied. Local reactions, if any, due to the texture and quality of the textile material that come into contact with the baby's skin, were also carefully monitored. The process of dressing and stripping off the products, carrying out medical manipulations (in case of neonatal emergencies), were also carefully observed for developing ease of use clothes.

Air, Air, Air: a champion midwife programme in Tanzania using HOT neonatal resuscitation-lessons learned.

BackgroundTanzania has approximately 40 000 newborn deaths per year, with >25% of these linked to intrapartum-related hypoxia. The Helping Babies Breathe© and Golden minute© (HBB©) programme was developed to teach skilled intervention for non-breathing neonates at birth. While Helping Babies Breathe© and Golden minute©, providing training in simulated bag and mask ventilation, is theoretically successful in the classroom, it often fails to transfer to clinical practice without further support. Furthermore, the proclivity of midwives to suction excessively as a first-line intervention is an ingrained behaviour that delays ventilation, contributing to very early neonatal deaths.MethodsThe ‘champion’ programme provided guided instruction during a real-life resuscitation. The site was Amana Hospital, Tanzania. The labour ward conducts 13 500 deliveries annually, most of which are managed by midwives. Brief mannikin simulation practice was held two to three times a week followed by bedside hands-on training (HOT) of bag and mask skills and problem solving while reinforcing the mantra of ‘air, air, air’ as the first-line intervention during a real-life emergency.ResultsChampion midwives (trainers) guided instructions given during a real emergency at the bedside caused learners beliefs to change. Trainees observed changes in baby skin colour and the onset of spontaneous breathing after effective ventilation.ConclusionsVisible success during an actual real-life emergency created confidence, mastery and collective self-efficacy.

EDUKASI TENTANG PEMAKAIAN DISPOSIBLE DIAPERS DENGAN KEJADIAN RUAM POPOK PADA IBU YANG MEMILIKI BAYI USIA 0-12 BULAN

One of the causes of diaper rush (diaper rash) is when the mother does not immediately change the baby's full diaper. This causes redness of the baby's skin, moist and when rubbed it can cause skin irritation. The purpose of this education is to guide and teach mothers who have babies to know how to use diapers properly and correctly so that babies do not get diaper rash. This education is analytic in nature with a cross sectional research design with a sample of 15 infants taken using a porposive sampling technique. Data analysis used bivariate analysis with chi-square test statistical test. The results can be seen that from 15 respondents, most of the babies who wore disposable diapers were 9 people (60.0%) who had diaper rash as many as 8 people (53.3%) and 1 person (6.7%) who did not have diaper rash. ) while 6 people (40.0%) did not wear disposable diapers, and 6 people did not have diaper rash (40.0%). Based on the results of the Chi-square test statistical analysis obtained p value <0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship between the use of disposable diapers and the incidence of diaper It is hoped that mothers who have babies can pay more attention to the condition of the baby's diaper, if it is full, it should be replaced with a new diaper and clean the baby's skin after urinating or defecating.

Effect of Closed and Opened the Door to Temperature on PID-Based Baby Incubator with Kangaroo Mode

The uneven distribution of the baby incubator temperature can cause the temperature in the baby incubator to be different at each point. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the door closed and opened to the temperature at each point of sensor placement that has been determined. The study was conducted as an experimental research design. In this experiment, an Incu Analyzer comparison was used as a calibrator unit, a baby skin temperature thermistor sensor, and four LM35 sensors for baby incubator room temperature with one LM35 sensor as a PID control system carried out by trial-and-error method. Based on the results of measurements was made with the design, when the chamber is open, it produces an average error value of T1 4.083%, T2 6.06%, T3 3.78%, T4 4.88%, and T5 1.48%, while when the chamber is closed, it produces an average error value T1 0.75. %, T2 0.88%, T3 1.15%, T4 0.74%, and T5 0.87%. Measurement of skin temperature using a thermometer has an average error value of 1.1%. The results showed that uneven heat transfer, lack of air distribution, different sensor placements at each point, and non-standard chamber sizes were factors that were uneven at each point. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the use of a working system on this device can be implemented to control the temperature of the baby incubator by knowing the temperature distribution at each point

Penatalaksanaan Pemberian Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Untuk Mengurangi Miliaria Pada Anak

One of the important skin care for babies was skin care. Based on the anatomy and physiology of the skin, the skin in babies was relatively thin, smooth, the pH of the skin wasa more acidic, and the inner layer has relatively higher humidity so that the baby's skin was prone to irritation. One of the alternative treatments for miliaria is the provision of VCO. The purpose of this study was to describe the provision of virgin coconut oil to reduce miliaria in children. The research design used a case study research approach. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The results showed that the assessment data of children had reddish spots and small lesions on the skin of the head and neck. Nursing diagnoses of impaired skin integrity were associated with metabolic disorders. The action was carried out by giving a spread of virgin coconut oil. From the action of applying virgin coconut oil, different results were obtained for healing prickly heat. Of the 5 subjects, 3 (60%) recovered in less than 5 days and 2 (40%) recovered in more than 5 days. The conclusion was VCO could reduce miliaria in children.

RANCANG BANGUN SENSOR BH1750 BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER SEBAGAI FOTOTERAPI PADA PENDERITA HIPERBILIRUBIN/BAYI KUNING

Phototherapy equipment is one type of physiotherapy equipment that is used to treat patients with Neonatal Jaundice. This tool works like an incandescent lamp in general, transmitting blue light directly to the baby's body which will then help reduce the amount of bilirubin that has accumulated in the baby's skin layer. born. This situation is experienced by many babies born prematurely and also babies who are breastfed late. Hyperbilirubinemia can be easily treated by the aforementioned light therapy. The light given by the tool is one type of light that is harmful to vision, so that in the process of irradiating the baby, an eye patch will be worn to protect the retina of the eye which is still in the process of being perfected. In the process, the author added a light reading feature/ photometer to measure the amount of light produced by the phototherapy device. The photometer is made by utilizing the BH1750 sensor with the function of reading light rays (any) in lux units, so that users can easily find out how many doses of light are produced in the therapy process.The measurement results from the photometer are displayed on the LCD, with the measurement of the light value in lux units of 266.67 Lux. The measurement results are stable with the irradiation distance between the lamp and the location of the sensor as much as 30 cm.

Randomized trial with soaps - what happens to a newborn baby's skin?

ObjectiveEvaluate the effectiveness of a children's soap with physiological pH in maintaining cutaneous pH and moisture of the newborn (NB)’s skin after the first bath. MethodsRandomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial in a rooming-in of a tertiary maternity hospital in southern Brazil with 204 newborns > 34 gestational weeks. Gestational and obstetric history was evaluated, and newborns were randomized into two groups according to the product applied in the bath: the control group (CG), which used common liquid soap with pH 7.0 and experimental group (EG), which used children's liquid soap with pH 5.8. Evaluation was made immediately before and after bath with skin pH measurement, corneometry and clinical parameters (erythema, scaling and moisture), on the forehead, abdomen and thigh. ResultsThere was no difference between groups regarding gestational, obstetric and family history (p > 0.05). In CG, skin pH increased in the abdomen and thigh (p < 0.05). In EG there was an improvement in clinical parameters after bathing with: increased moisture, less erythema and less scaling (p < 0.05). On the forehead, there was a significant increase in pH after bathing (p < 0.001) similar in both groups, although no use of soap. There was no difference in corneometry between groups after bathing. ConclusionChildren's liquid soap with physiological pH maintained the acidic skin pH and moisture of the newborn's skin after the first bath, which reinforces the importance of using products with physiological pH in the hygiene of newborns. Registration number RBR-9ky84vd.

Part 2: a qualitative description of participation in an eight-week infant skin integrity study

Background This is the second paper in a two-part series; the first paper was published in volume 29, issue 4 of the British Journal of Midwifery. The qualitative phase of the Baby Skin Integrity Comparison Survey (BaSICS) study was designed to address a dearth of information about research recruitment and retention, and how mothers make decisions about neonatal skincare. Aims The aim of the qualitative phase of the BaSICS study was to explore participants’ experience of participating in the research and how this interrelated with the experience of newborn skincare. Methods Semi-structured, face-to-face or telephone interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis used both software and manual methods. Findings Motivation included both altruism and personal benefits. The bespoke smartphone application was a convenient and easy tool for data collection, and being afforded full responsibility for observing and recording infant skin condition increased mothers' awareness of skin changes. Family, friends and the internet were the most commonly used sources of information about baby skincare. Conclusion The qualitative interview component of the BaSICS study provided information that could not have been deduced from the daily survey and final questionnaire alone. This provides valuable guidance for future research in the field of infant skincare.

Part 1: a qualitative description of participation in an eight-week infant skin integrity study

Background The qualitative phase of the Baby Skin Integrity Comparison Survey (BaSICS) study was designed to address a dearth of information about research recruitment and retention, and how mothers make decisions about neonatal skincare. Aims The aim of the qualitative phase of the BaSICS study was to explore participants' experience of participating in the research and how this interrelated with the experience of newborn skincare. Methods Semi-structured, face-to-face or telephonic interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis used both software and manual methods. Findings Motivation included both altruism and personal benefits. The bespoke smartphone application was a convenient and easy tool for data collection, and being afforded full responsibility for observing and recording infant skin condition increased mothers' awareness of skin changes. Family, friends and the internet were the most commonly used sources of information about baby skincare. Conclusion The qualitative interview component of the BaSICS study provided information that could not have been deduced from the daily survey and final questionnaire alone. This provides valuable guidance for future research in the field of infant skincare.

698 mothers and babies, 38 390 nappy changes: what did we learn?

BackgroundSeveral industry funded studies between 2001–2018 have compared the use of a single brand of baby wipes to cleansing with water and either cloth or cotton wool during nappy changes. All of these studies found that wipes were safe and effective from birth. Recommendations from these studies have included the need for brand or formula comparison but to date, no previous study has done this.AimsThe ‘Baby skin integrity comparison survey’ (BaSICS) study was designed to compare three brands of baby wipes to determine if there was any difference in the incidence of irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD or nappy rash) during the first eight weeks of life.MethodsMothers who were allocated to a single brand of nappy but divided into three baby wipe allocation groups, collected and reported survey data on infant skin integrity during one nappy change daily with the use of a user-friendly smartphone application.FindingsAll brands of wipes were acceptable to mothers and safe and effective when cleaning during nappy changes. The brand containing the fewest ingredients showed a clinically significant advantage of fewer incidents of rash than the other two brands.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that wipe formulation is a significant factor in prevention or reduction of IDD during the first eight weeks of life.

Thermal Injuries Caused by Water from Loose Garden Hoses.

This is a monitoring research, the purpose of which is to point out the danger of scalding with water from loose garden hoses. All the stated data are the result of this research, which occurred during the month of August. To adequately compare the maximum temperature that the water reaches in garden hoses exposed to sunlight, 2 different surfaces were chosen, namely grass and concrete. It has been found that water in garden hoses, which lie in a place exposed to sunlight, is able to reach temperatures at which, in case of contact with human skin, there is a risk of scalding. The results confirmed the assumption that the temperature in the grass will be lower in the hoses than in the concrete surface. At an air temperature of 35°C, the water in the hoses on the grass reached a temperature of up to 47.3°C. On a concrete surface at an air temperature of 28.5°C, the water in the hoses reached 49.8°C. There is a risk of scalding from such hot water contact with the skin, and especially with sensitive baby skin. The aim of this research is to provide valid data on the risk of spilling hyperthermic water in free-lying garden hoses exposed to sunlight. The threat of scalding can occur unknowingly or through negligence, the risk of scalding with such water increases during tropical days significantly.

Ceres Grants an Interview

Ceres Grants an Interview Kelly Rowe (bio) Keywords Kelly, Rowe, Roman mythology, contemporizing, countryside, flowers The media got it wrong of course; it wasn't quite a kidnapping;It's true, one minute you were humming like a honeybeein waist high flowers, the next a cool breezerose where your blue dress and white gold hair had fluttered. But witnesses who saw his red Camaro humping down the rutted roadsbetween the fields said he just braked, opened the door and grinned,stretched out his hand and you, my wild buzzing bouquet,smiled, danced forward, and blew right in. Gone, gone gone, honked the geese passing overhead,Gone gone, rasped the furrows, choking on a handful of seeds,while you sat with perfect posture on an ebony throne,turning, turning, turning a cloisonné bowl. Gone howled the wind, slashing blindly with her sword,gone for good whispered the snow in measured tones;You handed Hades back the bowl: "More pomegranate!"you demanded, offered a thin smile in return. There was no grand bargain; Hades won, I guess;he got his, and I went back to work,lifting the heads of odorless flowers from the earth;turning myself to rain and shouting: "live!" That's the way it is; on rare visits you sneezeuntil all vases are quietly removed; at night you twistrestless under the flowered comforter,on the canopied princess bed too narrow for a queen. You dream of work, of economies of scale, the movement of troopson a dark field, a black ledger, a crowd of howling souls;I dream of snow, of baby skin, lips on my cheek, the banking upof warmth, and in the dark, my only child pressing close. [End Page 256] Kelly Rowe kelly rowe received her MFA in English from the University of Iowa and has published poems in the Iowa Review, Virginia Quarterly Review, Poetry Northwest, and North American Review. Her chapbook Flying South on the Back of a Dove was published by Texas Review Press in 2019. She lives in Flagstaff, Arizona, where she is a volunteer attorney representing undocumented women. Copyright © 2021 The Massachusetts Review, Inc.

Уход за кожей детей и его особенности при атопическом дерматите

In this article, we described specific features of baby skin and care for it (washing baby's face, bottom; cleaning ears, nose, and eyes; baby's bathing). We also assessed the efficacy of cream-balm ‘Tamba-PS’ (‘Adonis’ LLC, Russia) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. ‘Tamba-PS’ contains only natural ingredients, including oil extract of native peloids from Lake Tambukan, plant extracts and essential oils, propolis, mumiyo, beeswax, honey, olive oil, sea buckthorn oil, coconut oil, and lecithin. We demonstrated its efficacy in infants and children aged 3 months to 3 years with both focal skin lesions and advanced lesions. Treatment improved children's quality of life, which was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for children (from 22.8 ± 3.1 to 10.1 ± 2.0, р &lt; 0.01); ‘socialization’ (according to the ‘KID-questionnaire,’ p ≤ 0.05) and the dynamics of clinical manifestations according to the SCORAD index (from 33.1 ± 2.9 to 14.2 ± 1.8 after therapy, p &lt; 0.01). The unique composition of ‘Tamba-PS’ allows its daily use for problematic, irritated skin of children, as well as to protect normal skin from adverse effects, and as the external therapy for atopic dermatitis (the minimum course is 2 weeks (twice a day); the courses can be repeated if necessary). Key words: atopic dermatitis, Lake Tambukan mud, peloid therapy, skin care

Analysis of Breastfeeding Patterns of Exclusive Breastfeeding for Mothers Carried Out Early Breastfeeding Initiation and the Factors that Influence it in the Working Area of the Ngantang Public Health Center

Early Breastfeeding Initiation a process of letting the baby's skin contact with the mother's skin for 1 hour, until the baby can suckle itself, Implementation of Early Breastfeeding Initiation, followed by exclusive breastfeeding, can reduce infant mortality, while the baby can grow more optimally and with quality. The low achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Malang, especially in Puskesmas Ngantang, which is 49.1% is influenced by many factors. This study aims to analyze the influence, Early Breastfeeding Initiation, Husband Support, Mother's Live Status, and Mother's Motivation towards Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Patterns, in the working area of ​​Ngantang Health Center in Malang Regency. This research uses quantitative analysis, using retrospective observation, and the Random sampling technique. Respondents were 151 nursing mothers whose babies were 6-12 months old. The location of the study was conducted in 13 villages in the Work Area of ​​the Ngantang Community Health Center, in February 2020. Results of the analysis of Early Breastfeeding Initiation (p = 0.352), Maternal Residence Status (p = 0.378), Husband Support (p = 0.872), had no significant effect about breastfeeding, only maternal motivation is influential (p = 0.026) Exclusive breastfeeding is indeed very difficult to do, many factors are needed for achieving exclusive breastfeeding, support from all parties is needed especially, great motivation from mothers to provide exclusive breastfeeding.

Indian Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for Pediatric Skin Care

To develop standard recommendations for skin care in neonates, infants and children to aid the pediatrician to provide quality skin care to infants and children. Though skin is the largest organ in the body with vital functions, skin care in children especially in newborns and infants, is not given the due attention that is required. There is a need for evidence-based recommendations for the care of skin of newborn babies and infants in India. A committee was formed under the auspices of Indian Academy of Pediatrics in August, 2018 for preparing guidelines on pediatric skin care. Three meetings were held during which we reviewed the existing guidelines/ recommendations/review articles and held detailed discussions, to arrive at recommendations that will help to fill up the knowledge gaps in current practice in India. The initial draft of the manuscript based on the available evidence and experience, was sent to all members for their inputs, after which it was finalized. Vernix caseosa should not be removed. First bath should be delayed until 24 hours after birth, but not before 6 hours, if it is not practically possible to delay owing to cultural reasons. Duration of bath should not exceed 5-10 minutes. Liquid cleanser with acidic or neutral pH is preferred, as it will not affect the skin barrier function or the acid mantle. Cord stump must be kept clean without any application. Diaper area should be kept clean and dry with frequent change of diapers. Application of emollient in newborns born in families with high risk of atopy tends to reduce the risk of developing atopic dermatitis. Oil massage has multiple benefits and is recommended. Massage with sunflower oil, coconut oil or mineral oil are preferred over vegetable oils such as olive oil and mustard oil, which have been found to be detrimental to barrier function.

Overview Of Perineal Care In Baby With Diaper Rash at PMB Santi Rahayu Jabung Kabupaten Malang

Diaper Rash is one of the problems that arise in the baby skin due to the incorrect treatment of the perineal area. The worst impact of incorrect treatment perineal care can disrupt the growth process, so it is necessary to give an intens good treatment, especially the perineal area of the baby in order to avoid problems such as Diaper Rash. The purpose of this study was to determined the description of perineal care in infants with diaper rash at PMB Santi Rahayu Jabung Malang Regency. This study using Qualitative descriptive research method with a case study approach. The method of geting respondens with a purposive sample of 4 mothers who have babies with diaper rash, 3 baby grandmothers, and 1 baby aunt who lives together as familly and involved in daily care of the baby. The validity of the data uses source triangulate method. The instrument that used in this study is the guideline for in depth interviews and the results from mobile voice recordings as documentation in the study. The result of this study showed that mothers treated their perineal babies before Diaper Rash by using pampers diapers longer than cloth diapers, changing brands of pampers, using fragrance softeners when washing diapers and baby clothes, changing pampers more than four hours, does not dry the perineal area after cleaning, use powder to the perineal area, change the brand of bath soap

The BaSICS (Baby Skin Integrity Comparison Survey) study: A prospective experimental study using maternal observations to report the effect of baby wipes on the incidence of irritant diaper dermatitis in infants, from birth to eight weeks of age

Baby wipes have been shown to be safe and effective in maintaining skin integrity when compared to the use of water alone. However, no previous study has compared different formulations of wipe. The aim of the BaSICS study was to identify any differences in incidence of irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD) in infants assigned to three different brands of wipe, all marketed as suitable for neonates, but which contained varying numbers of ingredients. Women were recruited during the prenatal period. Participants were randomly assigned to receive one of three brands of wipe for use during the first eight weeks following childbirth. All participants received the same nappies. Participants reported their infant's skin integrity on a scale of 1-5 daily using a bespoke smartphone application. Analysis of effect of brand on clinically significant IDD (score 3 or more) incidence was conducted using a negative binomial generalised linear model, controlling for possible confounders at baseline. Analysts were blind to brand of wipe. Of 737 women enrolled, 15 were excluded (admitted to neonatal intensive care, premature or other infant health issues). Of the 722 eligible babies, 698 (97%) remained in the study for the full 8-week duration, 24.6% of whom had IDD at some point during the study. Mothers using the brand with the fewest ingredients reported fewer days of clinically significant nappy rash (score≥3) than participants using the two other brands (p=0.002 and p<0.001). Severe IDD (grades 4 and 5) was rare (2.4%). Rarity of severe IDD suggested that sensitive formula baby wipes are safe when used in cleansing babies from birth to eight weeks during nappy changes. The brand with fewest ingredients had significantly fewer days of clinically significant IDD. Daily observations recorded on a smartphone application proved to be a highly acceptable method of obtaining real-time data on IDD. This study was not designed or registered as a clinical trial as no intervention in normal patterns of infant care took place. Mothers who had already decided to use disposable nappies and a baby wipe product agreed to observe and report on their infants' skin condition; in return they received a 9-week supply of free nappies and wipes.