Care Baby Research Articles

The effect of maternal concerns about childbirth and postpartum period on obsessive and compulsive behaviors related to baby care

Postpartum anxiety after childbirth is a common condition among pregnant women due to reasons such as the uncertainty of experiencing pregnancy and childbirth for the first time, or previous negative experiences. Fear of childbirth can affect the mother's baby care process. This study was conducted analytically with a single-subject design to determine the effects of maternal concerns about childbirth and the postpartum period on obsessive and compulsive behaviors related to baby care. The study was conducted with 260 mothers. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, and the scales 'Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period', and 'Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care'. The data were analyzed using the SPSS™ software to calculate percentages, mean values, t tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and simple linear regression analysis. A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between participant scores of the 'Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period' and the 'Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care' scales (p < 0.01). The regression model showed that 18.0% of the total variance in the obsessive and compulsive behaviors of mothers in the postpartum was explained by the fear of childbirth and the postpartum period (corrected R2 = 0.180). Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period were moderate. However, as the fear of women regarding childbirth and the postpartum period increased, their postpartum obsessive and compulsive behaviors about baby care also increased.

First reported case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in pregnancy in Sri Lanka

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) complicating pregnancy is a rare occurrence, posing challenges to the management due to maternal and fetal risks including fetal loss, fetal anomalies, intrauterine fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm labour. We report a case of a 21-year-old primiparous woman who was diagnosed with ADEM during the second trimester. She was treated with high dose intravenous (IV) steroids as well as IV immunoglobulin. She made complete neurological recovery within two months, but there were fetal complications including oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. The baby was delivered via elective caesarean section due to suspicious cardiotocograph and abnormal fetal doppler studies indicative of compromised fetal circulation. The baby was given special baby care unit (SBCU) care. However, both the mother and baby were safely discharged following six days of special neonatal care. This is the first reported case of ADEM in pregnancy in Sri Lanka, and highlights the challenges in management.

Parents' and healthcare providers' perceptions, experiences, knowledge of, and attitudes toward kangaroo care of preterm babies in hospital settings: Mixed-methods systematic review.

Kangaroo care is an effective intervention to increase survival and improve the health and development of preterm infants. Despite this, implementation of kangaroo care globally remains low. The objectives of this review were to: (a) synthesize evidence on parents' and healthcare practitioners' perceptions, experiences, knowledge of, and attitudes toward kangaroo care of preterm babies in hospital settings; and (b) establish parents' satisfaction with kangaroo care. Studies of any design were included if they focused on parents' or healthcare practitioners' perceptions, experiences, knowledge of, and attitudes to kangaroo care of preterm babies, or reported parents' satisfaction, and were conducted in hospital settings. The search of seven electronic databases, African Journals Online, World Health Organization regional databases, and a gray literature search was conducted in April/May 2020, and updated in January 2024. Study selection was undertaken by two independent reviewers. Quality assessment using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool and data extraction were completed by one reviewer with a 10% check by a second reviewer. Data were synthesized narratively using a parallel results convergent integrated design. Thirty-seven studies, 19 quantitative, 16 qualitative, and 2 mixed methods, were included. The findings suggested that while healthcare practitioners generally demonstrated knowledge about kangaroo care, there was a notable minority with insufficient understanding among those who received training. Parents' knowledge, particularly among fathers, was limited. Both healthcare practitioners and parents appeared to have positive attitudes to kangaroo care. Little is known about parental satisfaction with kangaroo care. Most healthcare practitioners were knowledgeable about kangaroo care, but parents had limited knowledge. This review findings suggest a need to enhance parental knowledge of kangaroo care before neonatal unit admission, and training is needed for HCPs to implement kangaroo care consistently.

Parenting style in the NICU is stable, measurable, and predictive of 2-year parenting style.

To establish psychometric properties of Baby Care Questionnaire (BCQ) in preterm infants, individual level stability of BCQ scores from NICU to 2 years corrected gestational age (CGA), and to determine whether early BCQ scores predict 2-year parenting styles. In this prospective study, the BCQ assessed early parental structure and attunement at 4 time points between NICU and 2-years CGA. The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) at 2-years evaluated authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. Intraclass correlations analyzed reliability and Reliable Change Index (RCI) studied individual-level stability. Multivariate regression examined predictive properties. n=162 parent/preterm infant dyads were followed sequentially. Cronbach's α BCQ structure and attunement were 0.9 and 0.8. RCI showed high individual level stability of both constructs. Higher early structure scores were associated higher 2-year authoritative scores. Early parenting characteristics beginning in the NICU are stable in infancy, measurable, reliable, and predictive of 2-year parenting styles. Early parental structure correlates with 2-year authoritative parenting style.

Education And Maternal Self-Confidence In Caring For Premature Babies

Background: The high number of preterm births in 2014-2015, Indonesia is one of the countries that contributes the highest premature rate of 19% and is a major factor in perinatal mortality. RSAB Harapan Kita West Jakarta has a rate of 3.46% about 105 mothers who gave birth to premature babies within 3 months. The formulation of this problem is the health of premature babies who need intensive and special care so that most of them can affect the self-confidence of the baby's parents.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between maternal education and maternal confidence in caring for premature babies at RSAB Harapan Kita, West JakartaMethods: This study used quantitative methods and used a cross sectional approach with 38 samples obtained by non-probability sampling method and total sampling technique.Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between maternal education and maternal confidence in caring for premature babies with a p-value of 0.721 (? 0.05).Conclusion: There are other factors apart by education that may affect mothers' confidence in caring for premature babies such as health education. Thus, the researcher suggests the future researchers to examine the effect of health education on the confidence of mothers in taking care of premature babies.

Healthcare workers attitude regarding kangaroo mother care in Nyeri county referral hospital, Kenya.

Background: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a system used for the care of preterm babies and low birth weight babies. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of KMC to help achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2, with an aim of reducing neonatal mortality to 12 per 1,000 live births per country. Healthcare workers play a significant role in initiating, supporting and sustaining the practice of KMC. This study assessed the healthcare workers attitude regarding KMC in Nyeri county referral hospital, Kenya. Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive survey study. Census sampling method was used to recruit 28 respondents. A researcher administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Analysis was done using SPSS software Version 26. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for analysis. Results: The study found that 89% (n=25) of the respondents had a positive attitude about KMC practice. Half of all the healthcare workers 50% (n= 14) had received training on KMC. Majority of the healthcare workers 71% (n=25) preferred incubators over KMC. However there was no significant relationship between (X2 = 0.700, df = 1, p = 0.403) training of healthcare worker and KMC adoption. Conclusion: The study concluded that the healthcare workers had a positive attitude towards KMC. Half of them had received training on KMC however, majority preferred incubators over KMC. The study recommends KMC sensitization seminars and continuous training of healthcare workers on KMC. Establishment of excellent centers as a way of motivating them is also recommended.

The relationship between mothers’ obsessive and compulsive behaviours regarding baby care and breastfeeding self-efficacy: the mediator role of postpartum depression

ABSTRACT The present study aims to examine the mediator role of postpartum depression in the relationship between mothers’ obsessive and compulsive behaviours regarding baby care and breastfeeding self-efficacy. The study has a correlational survey design. The regression analysis method was employed to test the mediator role. A significant negative correlation was identified between mothers’ obsessive and compulsive behaviours regarding baby care and breastfeeding self-efficacy. A significant negative correlation was determined between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression. A significant positive correlation was revealed between postpartum depression and mothers’ obsessive and compulsive behaviours regarding baby care. Postpartum depression was determined to play a full mediator role in the relationship between mothers’ obsessive and compulsive behaviours regarding baby care and breastfeeding self-efficacy. An increase in mothers’ obsessive and compulsive behaviours regarding baby care will increase postpartum depression and adversely affect breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Newborn - Taking Care of Baby

Newborn - Taking Care of Baby

Embodiment of Parental Love Through the Medium of Wooden Matches in Expression Photography

This photographic work raises the theme of parental love through the medium of wooden matches in expression photography. This work focuses on life experiences, the daily activities of the creator while he was born and grew up full of love from his parents in Aceh. The theory of ideas that the creator uses in creating this work of Expression photography is in the form of Expression Photography, Composition, Semiotics and Lighting. This creation method also involves experimentation. The creative concepts and ideas displayed in this photo work are a reflection of the creator's daily life. The main object in making this work is a miniature person created from wooden matches. This work is inspired by the author's life story of the sincere love of his parents, as well as daily life activities that the author has experienced and felt. Rooted in a deep narrative of parental love, the project captures the essence of familial warmth and affection, depicting miniature wooden matchsticks involved in everyday activities as symbolic representations of the human experience. Each photo encapsulates a narrative of parental love and familial bonds, visually depicting moments of tenderness, joy and nurturing care. In "In Mother's Lap", "Happiness", "Dodaidi Swing", "Adab", and "Guardian", the creator visualizes the multifaceted nature of parental love, from caring for babies to guiding adolescence. These photos are a touching reminder of the eternal bond between parents and children, illustrating the profound impact that love and care can have on a child's development and well-being. Ultimately, through a blend of artistic expression and qualitative inquiry, the project “Parental Love through the Medium of Wooden Matching in Expressive Photography” transcends the realm of conventional photography, offering viewers a glimpse into the depth and richness of human relationships and experiences.

Motherhood Role from a Postpartum Perspective: Effects Reflected by High-Risk and Normal Pregnancies.

High-risk pregnancies not only heighten concerns about the baby's health but also have the potential to impact the mother-infant relationship by shifting the mother's focus towards her own health needs. This study aims to delve into the intricacies of motherhood roles among women experiencing high-risk pregnancies compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies, aiming to shed light on the disparities between the two groups. The participants of this descriptive, comparative, and correlational study consisted of literate mothers admitted to a hospital in Eastern Turkey, diagnosed with high-risk pregnancies, and with no prior history of psychological support. Due to an inability to reach the entire population, an unknown sampling method was employed for sampling calculation. The sample comprised 133 mothers with high-risk pregnancies and an equal number of healthy mothers, totaling 266 participants. Data were collected using the "Maternal Introduction Form" and the "Maternal Role Gaining Scale", and analyses were conducted using the SPSS Statistical Programme. Given the non-normal distribution of the variables, nonparametric tests were applied post reliability analysis. There is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the scores of maternal attitude and anxiety, as well as maternal role and the Maternal Role Gaining Scale, based on various demographic factors such as marriage duration, spouse's education, family economic status, pre-pregnancy health issues, medication use, hospitalization status and reason, assigned sex of the baby and desired gender, total pregnancies, mode of delivery, postpartum difficulties, support for baby care, feeding method, high-risk pregnancy diagnosis, and week of diagnosis. A Bonferroni corrected analysis also revealed significant differences between mothers with and without high-risk pregnancies.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge on Care of Preterm Baby among B.Sc.(N) Students at Selected College of Nursing, Salem

Background: Preterm baby can develop a range of problems because their immature organs. As they are on risk to develop hypoxia, hypothermia and other many associated adverse conditions, who need special care and attention. Preterm babies are usually nursed in incubators to provide the best possible warmth. A proper nursing care for a preterm baby should be established through good nursing practices. Objectives: 1) To assess the level of knowledge on care of preterm baby among B.Sc(N) students. 2) To associate the level of knowledge on care of preterm baby and selected demographic variables of the B.Sc(N) students. Methods: A descriptive research design was adopted to assess the knowledge on care of preterm baby at selected college of nursing, salem. A total sample size was 27. They were selected by consecutive sampling technique. Results: The findings showed that majority 11(40.6%) had moderate knowledge, 10(37.1%) had adequate knowledge, 6(22.3%) had inadequate knowledge on care of preterm baby. Conclusion: There was a significant association between the level of knowledge and selected socio demographic variables of the students such as age, residence, previous year university examination marks (%) and source of information.

Pricing the priceless childcare: Early childhood education for babies and toddlers.

This article connects Viviana Zelizer's theory of the social meaning of money to family studies, using the case of American parents' spending on children. We investigate how money spent on the youngest children-babies and toddlers-reflects the growing expert emphasis on the importance of parental investment in the critical early period for child development. First, we review literature on expert knowledge to trace the shift in increasing emphasis on the importance of building children's cognitive skills through formal education beginning in infancy, offered in center-based care, moving from spaces of "childcare" to "early childhood education" centers. Second, we use quantitative data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (1995-2017) to show that parents have increasingly spent money, and an increasing share of their income, on center-based care for babies and toddlers but not on otherchild items. Additionally, lower income families have been spending a greater share of their income on center-based care for their infants than other families. We interpret our findings using Zelizer's theory about the cultural influences on the meaning of money, showing how these can be expert-led and persist even when families are faced with structural economic constraints.

Postpartum-Specific Anxiety and Maternal-Infant Bonding: A Predictive Validity Study amongst Italian Women.

The role of anxiety is unknown in relation to postpartum bonding, unlike the well-known detrimental effect that postpartum depression has on the relationship between a mother and child. This study investigates how anxiety affects mother-infant bonding after childbirth, comparing the Italian version of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS-IT) with generalized measures of anxiety. Examining 324 non-randomly-selected participants responding to various scales, including the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), postpartum-specific anxiety scale (PSAS-IT), postpartum bonding questionnaire (PBQ), and baby care questionnaire (BCQ-2), initial results suggest a link between certain postpartum anxiety symptoms and attachment problems. Surprisingly, anxiety measured with the PSAS has no direct influence on attachment; however, it is a strong predictor of bonding, even when maternal age, general anxiety, and depression are taken into account, explaining 3% of the variance in scores (β = 0.26, p < 0.001). This emphasizes the importance of early identification and intervention of postpartum anxiety in promoting bonding between mother and child.

EFFECT OF KANGAROO MOTHER CARE (KMC) ON THE FORMATION OF MATERNAL-INFANT ATTACHMENT BETWEEN MOTHERS AND PREMATURE BABIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: Nursing care of premature babies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) setting can inhibit the maternal-infant attachment. One of the evidence-based interventions for premature babies is Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). KMC needs to be further studied and researched through a review of previous articles to ensure the effectiveness of that implementation. However, there is a very limited review that specifies the effect of KMC on the formation of maternal-infant attachment. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of KMC on maternal-infant attachment between mothers and premature babies. Design: The design of this study uses a literature review. Data Sources: Initial searches of journal articles were performed on the Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL search databases. The study found 676 articles but only 7 journal articles that met the search inclusion criteria. Review Methods: A literature review procedures were used to collect library data, reading and taking notes, as well as critical assessment of managing research materials. Results: The results of this review showed that KMC has been shown to have a positive impact on improving attachment status and resulting in a lower risk of bonding failure between mothers and premature babies. Conclusion: It is recommended that health workers can provide treatment using KMC as an intervention to improve the formation of maternal-infant attachment between mothers and premature babies. The policies related to the implementation of KMC as standard operating procedures are also important.

Educational technology to promote self-efficacy in newborn care: a validation study.

To build and validate an educational technology consisting of a flipchart to promote self-efficacy in newborn care. A methodological study was carried out in two stages: (i) creation of the flipchart and (ii) validation by 25 experts and 50 people who could be the target audience (pregnant women, mothers or family members of newborns). Clarity, language, practical relevance and theoretical relevance were reviewed using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) instrument. The Content Validity Index and the Flesch Readability Index were calculated. The serial album "Can you take care of your baby" consists of 30 pages. The overall Content Validity Index was 0.93 among experts and 1.0 among the target audience. The flipchart was considered superior quality material, reaching an agreement percentage of 94.9, indicating that it is suitable as an educational technology. Participants suggested adjustments, incorporated into the material for printed production. The flipchart developed and with content validated by experts is suitable for use in health education activities that aim to promote self-efficacy in caring for newborns.

Overview of mom's confidence when planning to return low birth weight baby from the hospital

Introduction: Babies with low birth weight are one of the health problems often faced by mothers and families in various countries, including Indonesia. The return of babies with low birth weights from the hospital became a critical stage in their care after a period of intensive hospitalization. Objective: Describe the mother's confidence level when planning to return a baby with a low birth weight to the hospital. Method: quantitative research with a descriptive design involving 29 respondents. This study used non-probability and consecutive sampling techniques to determine subjects who met the inclusion criteria. The measuring instrument uses the Maternal Confidence Questionnaire Instrument, and the analysis results are descriptive data equipped with tables. Results: Most of the self-confidence of mothers planning to return home with high-birth-weight babies from the hospital was high among 16 respondents (55.2%). Factors that influence a mother's confidence include previous experience caring for a child, social support from family and friends, information and education provided by medical personnel, and an adequate financial condition and environment for the care of the baby. Conclusion: The mother's self-confidence plays a crucial role in planning the return of a low-birthweight baby from the hospital. Social support, knowledge of baby care, interaction with health workers, and understanding of the baby's health condition contribute to the mother's confidence. A holistic approach involving adequate social support, information and education, and financial and environmental readiness to increase maternal confidence in caring for a low-birth-weight baby after discharge from the hospital

Morbidity and immediate outcome of Small for Gestational Age infants born at term gestation

Background: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is defined as birth weight below the tenth percentile according to a specific gestational age and sex reference. SGA babies are either due to symmetric or asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction.Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the immediate outcome of the full term SGA neonates requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Methods: It was prospective cross-sectional study conducted between February 2018 and January 2019 in NICU of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke. Babies were evaluated daily for short term outcome till they were discharged from hospital.Results: A total of 50 term SGA babies were included in the study. Most of the SGA babies needing admission to NICU were severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Among 50 cases 22 were male and 22 were female. Meconium-stained liquor was present in 20% during birth. Eighty two percent cried immediately, 4% cried after stimulation, 12% needed bag and mask ventilation and 2% were intubated at birth. The short term morbidities during NICU stay were birth asphyxia (14%), apnoea (8%), jaundice (30%), bleeding (2%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10%), neonatal sepsis (44%), transient tachypnoea of newborn (12%), hypoglycemia (6%). Four of the SGA babies expired due to severe sepsis. Asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) babies were in 44% and symmetrical IUGR were in 56%. There was no significant difference in outcome of symmetrical and asymmetrical babies. Their final outcome was 92% discharged and 8% death.Conclusions: Most of the SGA babies needing admission to NICU were severe IUGR. The most common morbidities seen was Neonatal sepsis followed by neonatal jaundice. The result of this study could be important to recognize the anticipated problems and areas requiring attention to improve quality of neonatal care of SGA babies in order to manage the problems associated with them.

Dynamic changes of views on the use of progesterone for the prevention of premature birth

The problem of premature birth (PB) has existed since ancient times, although a scientific approach was not immediately applied to it. Until the beginning of the 18th century, the condition of prematurity and disorders in newborns, which were associated with reduced intrauterine development, was defined as “lack of energy and vitality” or “weak breathing” in babies.Of course, this approach led to high rates of perinatal mortality at the time, which gave scientists the impetus to delve more deeply into the study of the problem of the development of premature labor. Since that time, the achievements of science and technology have been actively used every decade to improve the conditions and opportunities for the birth of newborns, as evidenced by the birth rate of newborns with a body weight of about 500 g.But, recalling the well-known saying of Hippocrates: “It is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it”, it was necessary to turn to the issues of prematurity prevention, to delve into the study of the mechanisms of occurrence and the possibilities of eliminating the threat of premature labor. And, in contrast to the successes on the front of baby care, PB still remains a condition that can be prevented quite rarely, despite advances in medicine and tenth of studied mechanisms for triggering spontaneous labor in less than 36 weeks of gestation.Approaches to prevent PB today have two main directions: the use of progesterone drugs and mechanical impact on the cervix by using an obstetric pessary or cervical cerclage. Recommendations on the optimal choice of management tactics, advice on the use of this or that method of prevention in a specific woman with progressive cervical insufficiency are updated every few years.However, taking into account the globally unchanged frequency of PB, it is quite logical that in practice it may be difficult for doctors to find an optimal approach that would help, firstly, to clearly state the need for medical care for pregnant women; secondly, to choose the most effective method to stop the structural preparation of the cervix for childbirth; and thirdly, to avoid unjustified use of medical interventions and prescriptions in pregnant women.This article reviews the latest views of different schools of obstetrician-gynecologists on the use of progesterone in different groups of women for the PB prevention, their recommendations and controversies, as well as problems that remain unresolved and require further analysis to ensure a favorable course of pregnancy and prevent the development of PB.

Kontrol Temperatur dan Kelembapan pada Ingkubator Bayi Menggunakan Platform Antares

The condition of premature birth is a condition where a baby needs an incubator to maintain the baby's body temperature, because premature babies do not have many weaknesses to regulate body temperature so that they are prone to hypothermia. Setting the temperature and humidity in the baby incubator is an important aspect of caring for premature babies. The use of baby incubators in hospitals requires a high cost of up to Rp. 500,000 per night, even though premature babies need care in an incubator for up to one month, therefore a tool is needed to control humidity and temperature based on the Internet of Things. Control the humidity and temperature of the air used in the patient's home using a microcontroller where the microcontroller will detect the humidity and temperature inside the baby and the temperature measurement results can be viewed via the internet of things which can display temperature and humidity reading data remotely. The results of the comparison between LYNX32 and the platform between the displayed temperature and humidity values have an error of 0%. The Antares platform display displays temperature and humidity data in real time and has historical data that can be downloaded via the Antares platform, making it easier for nurses to monitor conditions.

Kangaroo Mother Care in Term and Late Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims to investigate the efficacy of kangaroo mother care (KMC) in term and late-preterm babies. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, seven studies were analyzed, which covered a wide range of outcomes, from the post-vaccination serum bilirubin level and pain during the vaccination to the prevention of hypothermia and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Results point out that KMC might come with some advantages such as the reduction of neonatal bilirubin levels, a painless and quicker vaccination process, and better prevention of hypothermia. Moreover, initial and lengthy KMC also plays a possible role in the better long-term brain development of low-birth-weight neonates. Furthermore, the limitation of smaller numbers of studies and variability in results remains to be solved. The next step is working to build stronger evidence and creating proper conditions for the implementation of KMC in future healthcare.