Baby Brain Research Articles

BIBSNet: A Deep Learning Baby Image Brain Segmentation Network for MRI Scans.

Brain segmentation of infant magnetic resonance (MR) images is vitally important in studying developmental mental health and disease. The infant brain undergoes many changes throughout the first years of postnatal life, making tissue segmentation difficult for most existing algorithms. Here, we introduce a deep neural network BIBSNet (Baby and Infant Brain Segmentation Neural Network), an open-source, community-driven model that relies on data augmentation and a large sample size of manually annotated images to facilitate the production of robust and generalizable brain segmentations. Included in model training and testing were MR brain images on 84 participants with an age range of 0-8 months (median postmenstrual ages of 13.57 months). Using manually annotated real and synthetic segmentation images, the model was trained using a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. Testing occurred on MRI data processed with the DCAN labs infant-ABCD-BIDS processing pipeline using segmentations produced from gold standard manual annotation, joint-label fusion (JLF), and BIBSNet to assess model performance. Using group analyses, results suggest that cortical metrics produced using BIBSNet segmentations outperforms JLF segmentations. Additionally, when analyzing individual differences, BIBSNet segmentations perform even better. BIBSNet segmentation shows marked improvement over JLF segmentations across all age groups analyzed. The BIBSNet model is 600x faster compared to JLF and can be easily included in other processing pipelines.

Assessing neurocognitive maturation in early adolescence based on baby and adult functional brain landscapes.

Adolescence is a period of growth in cognitive performance and functioning. Recently, data-driven measures of brain-age gap, which can index cognitive decline in older populations, have been utilized in adolescent data with mixed findings. Instead of using a data-driven approach, here we assess the maturation status of the brain functional landscape in early adolescence by directly comparing an individual's resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to the canonical early-life and adulthood communities. Specifically, we hypothesized that the degree to which a youth's connectome is better captured by adult networks compared to infant/toddler networks is predictive of their cognitive development. To test this hypothesis across individuals and longitudinally, we utilized the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at baseline (9-10 years; n = 6,489) and 2-year-follow-up (Y2: 11-12 years; n = 5,089). Adjusted for demographic factors, our anchored rsFC score (AFC) was associated with better task performance both across and within participants. AFC was related to age and aging across youth, and change in AFC statistically mediated the age-related change in task performance. In conclusion, we showed that a model-fitting-free index of the brain at rest that is anchored to both adult and baby connectivity landscapes predicts cognitive performance and development in youth.

Pengaruh Pemberian Baby Massage Lavender Essential Oil terhadap Peningkatan Kualitas Tidur pada Bayi Usia 3-12 Bulan

Background : poor sleep quality in babies will result in decreased immunity, impaired growth and physical development, and have an impact on the growth and development of the baby's brain. 1 year of age is a golden period for brain development. Baby Massage is a type of stimulation that will stimulate the development of the structure and function of cells in the brain. The improvement in the quality of baby's sleep during baby massage is due to an increase in the levels of serotonin secretion produced during massage. Apart from the Baby Massage method, adding Lavender Essential Oil also has an effect on improving the quality of baby's sleep because essential oil can influence brain function activities through the nervous system which is related to the sense of smell. Lavender contains esters which can calm and have a direct effect on the nervous system. Objective: to determine the effect of giving Baby Massage lavender essential oil on improving the sleep quality of babies aged 3-12. Method: Pre-Experiment with One Group Pretest Posttest design. Sample of 30 respondents. Respondents were given a massage once and then evaluated after 24 hours. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. Results: The quality of sleep before being given Baby Massage Lavender Essential was that all 30 respondents had poor sleep quality. The majority of sleep quality after being given Baby Massage Lavender Essential was good, namely 27 respondents (90%). The statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.000, <0.05. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving Baby Massage lavender essential oil on improving the sleep quality of babies aged 3-12.

Brain Tumor Classification Using DenseNet CNN Model

Abstract: In recent years, Due to its powerful soft tissue comparison and non-invasive nature, magnetic resonance imaging,or MRI, has attracted a lot of attention recently. MRI is a frequently utilized imaging modality for the purpose of locating brain cancers in infants. The MRI generates a huge volume of data. Tumor heterogeneity, isointense and hypointense characteristics limit manual segmentation within a reasonable time frame, which in turn limits the application of trustworthy quantitative metrics in clinical practice. Manual segmentation tasks in clinical practice take a lot of time, and the operator's experience has a big impact on how well they execute. Tumor segmentation methods must be accurate and automated, however due to the extreme spatial and structural variety of brain tumors, this is a challenging task. We have suggested completely automatic brain categorization in our project. Using the DenseNet model, we have presented a fully automatic way to classify brain cancers. Tests conducted on the datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our suggested approach for identifying baby brain cancers from MRI (MRI).

PENYULUHAN PERAN ASI EKSKLUSIF TERHADAP TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK DITENGAH WANITA PEKERJA PEDAGANG PASAR TRADISIONAL

Exclusive breastfeeding is giving breast milk to babies from 0-6 months of age exclusively without additional food or drink. Exclusive breastfeeding provides many benefits for both baby and mother. Some of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for babies are increasing the baby's body resistance or antibodies against disease attacks and helping the baby's brain and physical development. For the Deli Serdang Regency area, the percentage of babies who receive exclusive breast milk is only 47.26%. From these data it can be seen that there is still a lack of exclusive breastfeeding for babies. The low level of exclusive breastfeeding will have an impact on the quality and vitality of the next generation. One of the factors that hinders exclusive breastfeeding is working mothers, especially in the informal sector such as traditional market traders. This PKM activity using the counseling method aims to provide information to breastfeeding mothers about the role of exclusive breastfeeding in the growth and development of babies among women who work as traders at the Deli Tua traditional market. The process of implementing this community service activity is carried out by providing information and education to respondents regarding the role of exclusive breastfeeding in the growth and development of babies and tips on how to meet the needs of exclusive breastfeeding for children among women who work as traditional market traders. Then the respondents distributed pre-test and post-test questionnaires to the participants and the results obtained were 76.9% of the 13 respondents had increased knowledge regarding the role of exclusive breastfeeding in the growth and development of babies and tips on how to meet the needs of exclusive breastfeeding for children among working women. as a traditional market trader.

The Relationship Between Baby Massage and The Sleep Quality of Babies Aged 3-6 Months at Pmb Midwifery Dian Armiati, A.Md.Keb Karangrejo Gempol District Pasuruan 2023

Infancy is a golden period and this period cannot be repeated because this period comes very quickly, it is also called a critical period because babies are very sensitive to their environment, need proper nutrition and good stimulation to support their growth and development. At this time, the baby's brain is still developing. Babies are fragile individuals and require some adjustment. Babies experience difficulties in the adjustment process affecting their development and causing unpredictable behavior, the most fatal consequence of which is death. The sense of touch is very important in a baby's early life to help him adapt to his environment. Baby massage is an activity suitable for babies that helps improve the quality of sleep in babies, motor development in babies and fine motor skills in babies. At PMB Dian Armiati A.Md.Keb, Karangrejo Village, Gempol District, there are several independent practice places for midwives (PMB) but not all PMBs carry out baby massage which is carried out by midwives, namely at PMB Dian Armiati A.Md.Keb, Karangrejo Village, Gempol District .To determine the relationship between the influence of baby massage on the quality of baby sleep in PMB Dian Armiati A.Md.Keb, Karangrejo Village, Gempol District. With a cross sectional research design using the Wilcxon test method. This research is quantitative using an analytical survey method where researchers try to explore how and why health phenomena occurthe 30 respondents, it was found that before the baby massage was carried out, the majority of sleep quality was in the poor category, 18 babies (60%), after the baby massage, the sleep quality was in the good category, 20 babies (66.7%), so it can be concluded There is a relationship between baby massage and the quality of baby sleep

Bilingual first language acquisition and phonemic phenomenon

The most important stage of the sound phenomenon for children covers the time that starts from the mother's womb and continues until the school period. A child starting school (6:5 or 7 years old) is just learning to write. However, he acquired the language/s/ almost entirely thanks to the sound in the mentioned period. In this respect, the processing of language and sound in the brain of newborn babies becomes important. The language acquisition level of newborns may vary in terms of such reasons as genetics, ability, and frequency of exposure, environmental factors, and whether they are physically and mentally healthy or not. This study deals with the question of what kind of a connection is there between the phenomenon of sound, especially the sound of music, and the acquisition of two languages in early childhood. In short, the subjects of language acquisition and musical sound in early childhood have been investigated in the literature with a qualitative method. Another question is how do the two languages acquired in early childhood stay with each other in a developmental relation. In the study, it was understood that there is not a single result from the studies on children grown up monolingual or bilingual in early childhood. The opinion that the sooner one or two languages are learned in early childhood (usually by exposure to the sound) the better the acquisition would be is outweighed, though there are different opinions about the results of the scientists. In addition, since it was concluded that there is a developmentally parallel relationship between the sound of music and the acquisition of language by newborns, it means that ontology gives us the summary of phylogenesis.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE GUT-BRAIN-AXIS MICROBIOTA FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF NERVE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS

Abstract: Opportunities for The Application of The Gut-Brain-Axis Microbiota for The Optimization of Nerve Growth and Development in Infants. Neurodevelopment in infants is very important and has a significant role in shaping their future intellectual, emotional, and physical capacities. Nerve cells (neurons) form a neural network in babies from the time of pregnancy. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain occurs through a pathway called the gut-brain axis. Studies have shown that gut microbiota influences brain function and human behavior. To find out the efforts that can be made to maximize the development of the baby's brain by utilizing the concept of the gut-brain-axis microbiota. Using literature review techniques from international articles in the 2013-2023 using specific keywords in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Textbook. Efforts to improve neurodevelopment using the concept of a gut-brain-axis microbiota are essentially efforts to create a good microbiota balance in the gut. These efforts include maintaining and maintaining the balance of the healthy microbiota of pregnant women, giving birth pre-vaginal, providing exclusive breast milk, reducing the use of antibiotics that are not required, providing complementary foods breast milk rich in probiotics and prebiotics, providing stimulus, and reduce the use of chemicals. The concept of gut-brain-axis microbiota is very applicable to maximize neurodevelopment in infants starting by paying particular attention to the prenatal and postnatal periods.

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Umbi Bit terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Ibu Hamil Trimester III

WHO data (2020), it estimated that worldwide around 32 million pregnant women have anemia. In Indonesia, the incidence of anemia in pregnant women increased in 2018 by 48.8% when compared to 2013, which was 37.1%. Garut Regency in 2019 the prevalence of pregnant women with anemia was 6669 people. Karangpawitan Health Center in 2021, out of 834 pregnant women, 31.5% experienced anemia in the first trimester and as many as 168 pregnant women in third trimester (20.1%). Non-pharmacologically the treatment and prevention of anemia is by consuming green vegetables, nuts, chicken liver, beet tubers, red guava fruit and others. The content of beet tubers in the list of food ingredients includes 108 mg of folic acid, 27.0 mg of calcium, 43.0 mg of phosphorus, 43 mg of vitamin C, 23 mg of magnesium, 9.6 mg of carbohydrates, 1.0 mg of iron (Ministry of Health RI, 2016). Folic acid is very good to help the formation of the baby's brain and overcome the problem of anemia. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of beetroot juice on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women in the third trimester at Karangpawitan Public Health Center, Garut Regency. The methodology of this research uses Pre test - Post test with control group design. The population in the study were all pregnant women in the third trimester as many as 129 people The samples in this study were TM III pregnant women who experienced mild anemia using purposive sampling as many as 30 people who were divided into 2 groups, namely 15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group. The instruments used are observation sheets and technical instructions for beetroot juice. Data analysis used Paired T-test and Independent Samples Test. The results of the study the average hemoglobin level in the experimental group before being given beet juice was 9.160 and after beet juice was 10.807, while in the control group before the intervention was 8.933 and after the intervention was 9.813. The bivariate results showed a p-value of 0.000 <0.05. The conclusion is that there is an effect of giving beetroot juice + Fe tablets on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women in the third trimester at Karangpawitan Health Center, Garut Regency In 2023. With this study, consumption of beet root juice can be an alternative in increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women.

Infant mental health and the role of the health visitor

The theme for June's infant mental health week this year was ‘Bonding before birth’, with organisations sharing the importance of support for parents and carers to enable them to understand baby brain development and how this can be nurtured

GAMBARAN HIPOGLIKEMIA PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR

Hypoglycemia actually is a natural process in newborn adaptation but can cause damage and delays in the baby's brain development. The incidence of hypoglycemia at Harapan Anda Islamic General Hospital (RSU) in the January-September 2022 period is about 153 newborns. Risk factors that can cause hypoglycemia are gestational age and birth weight. This study aims to describe the incidence of hypoglycemia in Harapan Anda Islamic General Hospital and the characteristic of bitrh weigh and gestational age. This study uses a descriptive method with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study is 153 newborn from Januari-September 2022 period. Technical Sampling was using randomized sampling and calcutated using Slovin Formula and has obtained 60 samples. All samples has met the inclusion and exclusion criteria This type of data was using secondary data where the data is obtained from the patient's medical record. The result of this stuy shows that, there were 40 cases (66.67%) of gestational age classified as premature, 42 cases (70%) of low birth weight, and 42 cases of hypoglycemia (70%). Hypoglycemia and Low Birth Weight are the most common problems in newborns at RSU Islam Harapan Anda, followed by premature births.

OTHR-14. PROFILE & OUTCOME OF BRAIN TUMORS IN THE YOUNG CHILDREN < 3YEARS OF AGE: EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CANCER CENTER IN INDIA

Abstract During the 5 year period from 1st January 2009- 31st December 2013, 33 children< 3 years age presented with brain tumor (7.56 % of all brain tumors among in children aged 0-14 years) . 54.5% were boys. Vomiting(69.7%) ataxia(36%) & head ache(24%) were the most common symptoms. Common histology included Medulloblastoma (36%) , Astrocytoma ( 21%) & Ependymoma ( 18%).Others included ATRT, glioma, ganglioglioma, PNET, Pineoblastoma & choroid plexus carcinoma. 63% were infratentorial & 37% were supratentorial. 58% had gross total resection & 36% had residual disease post surgery .64% of children received chemotherapy with baby brain protocol consisting of Inj VCR 0.06mg/kg IV - D1 &Inj Cyclophosphamide 50mg/kg IV infusion D1 (Cycle A) alternating with Inj CDDP 4m/kg as IV infusion D1&Inj Etoposide 6.5mg/kg IV infusion D1-3( Cycle B) as A – A – B Q3 weeks followed by definitive RT at completion of 3 years or earlier if they relapse on chemotherapy . At a median follow up of 34 months ( ( 2 mo- 106 mo ) 3 year RFS & OS were 20% & 56% respectively. OS was better for Ependymoma ( 100%) & Astrocytoma (80%) compared to (56% )for Medulloblastoma.

UTILIZATION of MONITORING CARD IRON SUPLEMENT IN THE EAST KELAYAN PRIMARY HEALTH CENTER

Anemia in pregnancy in Indonesia is 48.9% and 84.6% occurs in the age group of 15-24 years. Anemia in the first trimester (<12 weeks) will increase the risk of Small Gestational Age (SGA), namely the occurrence of abortion or premature birth. Another impact of anemia in pregnancy is on the mother (susceptible to infection, bleeding and even maternal death) whereas in babies with LBW, the baby's Hb level is low, inhibiting the baby's brain development. Supplement Iron pregnancy) as an important and effective effort in preventing and treament anemia due to iron deficiency by consuming at least 90 tablets during pregnancy. This community service activity in the working area of the Kelayan Timur Primary Health Center (PHC) in Banjarmasin involving elements from the leadership of the Health Service, PHC, 2 midwives, 2 nutritions and 21 health cadres. The implementation began in the PHC hall with opening activities, socialization, SGD facilitator training by 3 lecturers and 3 Polkessin Midwifery students. Furthermore, health cadres screened pregnant women with the approval of the midwife. SGD is carried out at Integrated PHC and PHC with the active participation of pregnant women and their companions as well as facilitators (team, midwives and health cadres) to understand iron supplementation and how to fill out iron consumption monitoring cards. Checking the initial Hb level and monitoring the filling of the monitoring card and compliance with iron supplement consumption every 30 days by students and health cadres. After 90 days, the final Hb level was evaluated. There was an increase in compliance with iron supplement consumption by 20% (1st month 68.9%; 3rd month 88.9%) and a 10% decrease in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy.

Developmental Psychology in cultural historical context - overview and further reflections.

From Bill Kessen's idea of the child as a "cultural invention" (Kessen, 1983) it follows that developmental psychology cannot function fruitfully without historical analysis. Developmentalists should stop "positivistic dreaming" and develop a historical developmental psychology. The history of childhood shows how a historical process of infantilization has taken place since Rousseau and the 19th century pedagogical and educational theories and institutions. In the 20th century a new process of de-infantilization took place, caused mainly by the modern mass media (Postman, 1982). It is demonstrated how this led to the "disappearance of childhood". Babies no longer were considered and studied as "empty-headed" (William James' conception of the baby experiencing "one great blooming, buzzing confusion"): impressive new research methods and data "filled the baby's brain" and made the baby much more human than ever before in history. With the narrowing of the gap between childhood and adulthood adolescence as a bridge is less necessary than before. Not only the disappearance of childhood is going on; at the same time there is a correlated disappearance of adolescence. The conclusion must be that the study of cognitive, social and personality development should take into consideration the cultural historical embeddedness.

Zooming in on the brains of babies

Zooming in on the brains of babies

KONSELING MANFAAT PEMBERIAN KOLOSTRUM DAN PEMBERIAN ASI ESKLUSIF PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI POSYANDU FLAMBOYAN VI PUSKESMAS KAPASA TAHUN 2023

According to the 2018 American Pregnancy Association (APA), colostrum is able to form a lining in the baby's stomach and intestines to prevent germs/pathogens from attacking. Helps prevent jaundice in babies by removing residual substances that are harmful to the baby's body, providing sufficient nutrients for the development and growth of the baby's brain, eyes and heart (APA, 2018). The purpose of this community service is to provide information or knowledge to the public about the importance of giving colostrum and giving exclusive breastfeeding to newborns. This Community Service activity was carried out at Posyandu Flamboyan VI using the Lecture and Question and Answer method regarding colostrum administration and exclusive breastfeeding for newborns to the target group. Counseling was attended by 25 mothers with good knowledge, namely 17 respondents (68%), sufficiently knowledgeable as many as 8 respondents (32%). Counseling about the benefits of colostrum and exclusive breastfeeding is a form of providing information to every mother who has a baby or expectant mother.

Learning from an Art Performance: The Indonesian and Islamic Laws’ Perspectives on Psychodynamics of Fantasy Cannibals

An artwork by an Indonesian young artist with a theme of eating human corpse had reaped controversy from various circles. The concept of art displayed by Natasha Gabriella Tontey, the artist-, was endocannibalism, a practice in which people eat the body of a dead person. In her art performance, she presented a dish of foods made from breast milk and baby sweat. To add to her artistic power, she showed processed foods served in the forms of tiny babies, baby brains, and several other horror menus. The artwork done was very controversial, so it is deemed necessary to conduct a review on her artwork from the conventional and Islamic laws’ perspectives. The study is qualitative research employing descriptive analysis. The results indicate that Tontey’s work as outlined in her performance violated both the Indonesian and Islamic laws.

3D-MASNet: 3D mixed-scale asymmetric convolutional segmentation network for 6-month-old infant brain MR images.

Precise segmentation of infant brain magnetic resonance (MR) images into gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are essential for studying neuroanatomical hallmarks of early brain development. However, for 6-month-old infants, the extremely low-intensity contrast caused by inherent myelination hinders accurate tissue segmentation. Existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based segmentation models for this task generally employ single-scale symmetric convolutions, which are inefficient for encoding the isointense tissue boundaries in baby brain images. Here, we propose a 3D mixed-scale asymmetric convolutional segmentation network (3D-MASNet) framework for brain MR images of 6-month-old infants. We replaced the traditional convolutional layer of an existing to-be-trained network with a 3D mixed-scale convolution block consisting of asymmetric kernels (MixACB) during the training phase and then equivalently converted it into the original network. Five canonical CNN segmentation models were evaluated using both T1- and T2-weighted images of 23 6-month-old infants from iSeg-2019 datasets, which contained manual labels as ground truth. MixACB significantly enhanced the average accuracy of all five models and obtained the most considerable improvement in the fully convolutional network model (CC-3D-FCN) and the highest performance in the Dense U-Net model. This approach further obtained Dice coefficient accuracies of 0.931, 0.912, and 0.961 in GM, WM, and CSF, respectively, ranking first among 30 teams on the validation dataset of the iSeg-2019 Grand Challenge. Thus, the proposed 3D-MASNet can improve the accuracy of existing CNNs-based segmentation models as a plug-and-play solution that offers a promising technique for future infant brain MRI studies.

Blame it on her 'baby brain'? Investigating the contents of social stereotypes about pregnant women's warmth and competence.

The Stereotype Content Model proposes that social stereotypes broadly exist along two dimensions: warmth and competence. This framework has been used to investigate the contents of stereotypes of gendered groups in a range of contexts. However, it has not been extensively applied to perceptions of pregnant women. This is important, given how pregnant women are typically framed by society to have 'baby brain' or reduced competence. Therefore, we investigated the contents of social stereotypes of pregnant women. In Study 1, participants (N=590) rated a target group (pregnant women) and thirteen other comparison groups on perceptions of warmth (compassion, empathy and comfort) and competence (mathematics ability, logic and memory). Pregnant women were generally stereotyped to have low competence and high warmth, relative to other groups. Study 2 (N=54) then descriptively investigated the wider contents of stereotypes related to pregnant women, new mothers, men and women using a trait generation task. Generated traits were coded within the dimensions of warmth and competence. This showed, again, that pregnant women were assigned traits related to warmth and poor competence. Taken together, these studies confirmed that perceptions of low competence and 'baby brain' in pregnancy is broadly held by a non-pregnant sample.

Early years leadership qualifications: part 1: Baby brains

In the first part of a new series on leadership qualifications, Charlotte Goddard focuses on the role of baby room leader