Baby Box Research Articles

UK's first Baby Box programme launched at London NHS Trust

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust is the country's first organisation to distribute ‘baby boxes’ to new mothers, offering support and education around the birth of their baby.

베이비 박스의 도덕성 논쟁

There was dispute on ‘baby box’ in the second half of 2011. In 2009, clergyman, Lee Jong-rak made a baby box on church wall. Actually, 26 new born babies were abandoned in the ‘baby box’. The babies who had disability were thrown out from the unmarried mothers with letters. If there was no baby box,the babies could die by hypothermia in the cold weather. But Ministry of health and welfare, and Gwanak Ward Office are requesting to remove baby box because it is illegal for non-authorized facility to look after baby. Baby box was installed to prevent from abandonment of baby in cold weather and risk. But it is on dispute between ‘protection of infant’ and ‘encouragement of abandonment’. Like dispute surrounding abortion or contraception, baby box is a complicated problem and it is not easy to conclude. It is a difficult subject that anybody cannot judge awkwardly. This is because the subject is related to human life. This thesis tried to evaluate this problem from ethical view. First, contradictory views are reviewed - the views are if baby box is for encouragement of abandonment, or if it is for protection of infant. Second, this problem is investigated from positions of Deontology and Teleology which are representative views of ethics. And this paper applies principles of modern medical ethics from the dispute to evaluate the problem. Finally, this subject is treated with from positions of personal ethic and social ethic.

Expert opinion as 'validation' of risk assessment applied to calf welfare

BackgroundRecently, a Risk Assessment methodology was applied to animal welfare issues in a report of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on intensively housed calves.MethodsBecause this is a new and potentially influential approach to derive conclusions on animal welfare issues, a so-called semantic-modelling type 'validation' study was conducted by asking expert scientists, who had been involved or quoted in the report, to give welfare scores for housing systems and for welfare hazards.ResultsKendall's coefficient of concordance among experts (n = 24) was highly significant (P < 0.001), but low (0.29 and 0.18 for housing systems and hazards respectively). Overall correlations with EFSA scores were significant only for experts with a veterinary or mixed (veterinary and applied ethological) background. Significant differences in welfare scores were found between housing systems, between hazards, and between experts with different backgrounds. For example, veterinarians gave higher overall welfare scores for housing systems than ethologists did, probably reflecting a difference in their perception of animal welfare.Systems with the lowest scores were veal calves kept individually in so-called "baby boxes" (veal crates) or in small groups, and feedlots. A suckler herd on pasture was rated as the best for calf welfare. The main hazards were related to underfeeding, inadequate colostrum intake, poor stockperson education, insufficient space, inadequate roughage, iron deficiency, inadequate ventilation, poor floor conditions and no bedding. Points for improvement of the Risk Assessment applied to animal welfare include linking information, reporting uncertainty and transparency about underlying values.ConclusionThe study provides novel information on expert opinion in relation to calf welfare and shows that Risk Assessment applied to animal welfare can benefit from a semantic modelling approach.

‘Received in his Name’: Rome’s Busy Baby Box

Innocent III, a proud and learned Roman pope, was well acquainted with the history and literature of the Rome of earlier days. He would have been aware of the prophecy given by Virgil in theAeneidthat when the foaming Tiber appeared to run as a river of blood disaster was foretold. In his own day the River Tiber gave him a clear message of a real disaster actually taking place. Far too frequently the fishermen of Rome drew in their nets only to find not a harvest of fish, but the tiny corpses of babies. These had been thrown naked to meet their deaths in the waters of the Tiber. Rome, of course, was by no means a stranger to the problem of abandoned babies. The great legend of the City’s origins with the suckling of the babes who were to become its eventual founders was given a daily reminder since, under the portico of the Lateran Palace, was the famous bronze statue of theLupaorShe-Wolf. In spite of the serious damage caused by a thunderbolt in Antiquity, which had left the Wolf’s feet broken and destroyed the group of the twins, the ‘Mother of the Romans’, as she was known, had come to represent papal jurisdiction over Rome, as well as the nourishing of its children. The River Tiber had always been available for the disposal of the many unwanted infants. Why, then, should the macabre catch of the fishermen of his time have been received by Innocent III as a matter in need of his most urgent attention? It might have been that there were more babies than usual. Population pressure was affecting Rome, and, as elsewhere, social problems were increasing with consequent effects on newborn children. What evidence then can be found to link Innocent with Rome’s Baby Box as a way of remedying such a dreadful situation?

The Knights of Saint John and the hospitals of the Latin West.

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Knights of Saint John and the Hospitals of the Latin WestTimothy S. MillerTimothy S. Miller Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Speculum Volume 53, Number 4Oct., 1978 The journal of the Medieval Academy of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2849782 Views: 20Total views on this site Citations: 11Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1978 The Mediaeval Academy of AmericaPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Elhanan Bar-On, Kobi Peleg, Yitshak Kreiss Field Hospitals, (Jan 2020).https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316493489Eran Dolev History of Military Field Hospitals, (Jan 2020): 1–11.https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316493489.001Timothy S. Miller Byzantine Philanthropic Institutions and Modern Humanitarianism, The Review of Faith & International Affairs 14, no.11 (Mar 2016): 18–25.https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2016.1145475Charles E. Bagwell Nosokomia to Sacred Infirmary: Legacy of the Knights Hospitaller and Chimbarazo Hospital in the Evolution of Hospitals from Medieval to Modern, Journal of the American College of Surgeons 216, no.44 (Apr 2013): e35–e42.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.01.001Peter E. Hilsenrath Healthcare management education settings in the United States, Journal of Management History 18, no.44 (Sep 2012): 386–401.https://doi.org/10.1108/17511341211258738Susan J. Dunlap Healing, (Nov 2011): 32–41.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444345742.ch2Deborah Gerish Gender Theory, (Jan 2005): 130–147.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230524095_7Jonathan Riley-Smith The Crusades, 1095–1198, (Oct 2004): 534–563.https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521414104.015Monique Amouroux Colonization and the creation of hospitals: The eastern extension of western hospitality in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Mediterranean Historical Review 14, no.11 (Jun 1999): 31–43.https://doi.org/10.1080/09518969908569750Brenda M. Bolton ‘Received in his Name’: Rome’s Busy Baby Box, Studies in Church History 31 (Mar 2016): 153–167.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0424208400012857 Michael W. Dols The Leper in Medieval Islamic Society, Speculum 58, no.44 (Oct 2015): 891–916.https://doi.org/10.2307/2853789