B2C Business Models Research Articles

Innovation in perspective: The role of creativity and open innovation in B2B, B2C, and B2G business models

This study explores how creativity and open innovation practices (inbound and outbound) influence product innovation and innovative performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Chile, using B2B, B2C, and B2G business models as moderating variables. Through empirical analysis based on a sample of 536 SMEs, we applied structural equation modeling to assess the relationship between creativity, open innovation practices, and their impact on product innovation. The results reveal that creativity significantly impacts product innovation and outbound practices, while inbound practices do not directly affect product innovation. Additionally, it was found that product innovation substantially improves the innovative performance of SMEs. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating how specific open innovation practices and creativity can be leveraged to enhance innovation in SMEs. Adapting these practices should consider the particularities of different business models to maximize their effectiveness.

Innovations and Future Development Pathways of Internet Finance Asset Securitization in China: A Case Study of Ant Group

With the evolution of the Internet age, e-commerce giants have established small loan entities to accommodate the booming B2C business model. While these online small loan providers retain the traditional attributes of their counterparts, they are adept at addressing the financing needs of micro-enterprises and individuals. Furthermore, these digital lenders have a broader reach in terms of geography and demographic distribution and possess enhanced capabilities to assess borrowers' creditworthiness. Such strengths make them well-suited for asset securitization, an emerging financing approach. This paper will analyze China International Capital Corporation -Ant Financial special asset management program which is one of the important asset securitizations of Internet small loan in China. The analysis will focus on the basic features and innovations of the structure of the securities. In addition, various economic indicators of Ant Financial will be considered to analyze the effectiveness and risks of Ant asset securitization. This study provides both theoretical and practical insights into Ant Financial Services asset securitization. Moreover, the research has analyzed the reasons behind the suspension of Ant Group's IPO, its subsequent rectifications, as well as the future trends of internet finance in China, providing beneficial reference for other companies.

Navigating Sustainable Practices in E-commerce: A Systematic Literature Review with Insights from the ADO Framework

Purpose: The convergence of e-commerce and sustainability sparks an investigation into their implications and approaches. Despite the efficiency promised by online shopping, apprehensions regarding packaging waste and energy use emphasize the necessity for detailed scrutiny of the environmental impact of e-commerce and its contribution to sustainable consumption in the ever-evolving global market. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research paper aims to investigate the connection between sustainability and e-commerce, employing the (ADO) i.e. Adoption, Diffusion, and Optimization (ADO) framework to analyse antecedents, decisions, and outcomes. The research explores theoretical foundations, such as Industrial Ecology, B2C business models, and the Resource-Advantage Theory, to reveal the multifaceted relationship between e-commerce and sustainability. Strategic decisions, varying from impacts on energy consumption to the integration of sustainable practices in e-commerce, are studied, shedding light on the multifaceted landscape of e-commerce sustainability. Determinate outcomes, including enhanced sustainability factors, positive impacts on commitment and e-word of mouth, and noteworthy contributions to UN Sustainable Development Goals, emphasize the transformative potential of e-commerce. Findings/Result: The study assessment emphasizes for the continued integration of sustainability into e-commerce strategies, urging all stakeholders to navigate complexities and adopt eco-friendly practices for a better sustainable digital future. The discussion synthesizes diverse perspectives, highlighting the dynamic nature of e-commerce and its capacity to positively influence societal and environmental objectives. Originality Value: The paper has used ADO approach which ensures the novelty of the research for the topic under study. Paper Type: Research paper

Evaluating B2C and B2B Entrepreneurial Opportunities Within the Chinese Ex-Pat Relocation Market

The Chinese ex-pat relocation market is a huge and growing market with remaining problems that need to be solved. To help entrepreneurs get a better start in this golden market, this paper will disclose the best business model, B2B or B2C, that companies can choose to enter the market. Interviews, surveys, and competitive comparisons are used as methods to explore what service customers are eager for and what competitors in the market have done. After analyzing customer needs, the business model of competitors and differences between the B2B and B2C business models in the Chinese ex-pat relocation market, and with the discussion about the desirability, feasibility, and viability risks of the two business models, it is concluded that B2C is the best model to choose, because of its long-term development and revenue. Also, the B2C business model faces less risk when the whole market environment become to change.

Business Feasibility Study Analysis of The Pianeta Ice Cream Dessert Business

The feasibility study analysis for the Pianeta Gelato business was carried out to present an experience of enjoying ice cream in a different way and concept than usual, as well as to meet market demand which is the foremost opportunity for the establishment of this business. Indonesia's climate and urban lifestyle are the main factors that increase the demand for ice cream products yearly. This Pianeta Gelato business uses a B2C (Business to Consumer) business model. This analysis also aims to find out about business competitors to improve concepts and create appropriate strategies to market this ice cream product to a predetermined target market. The strategy used is to make product concepts and designs that are different from usual, to do the taste by publishing a menu that is the same as the store concept, and to intensify promotions through digital marketing such as social media and KOL to increase public brand awareness. We also use technology that helps in the production and service processes to produce customer satisfaction with our products. The economic benefits obtained from this business are helping the Indonesian economy, providing job opportunities, helping local MSMEs using raw materials, and increasing state income through taxes paid. This ice cream business also pays attention to and supports sustainable development goals through environmentally friendly packaging and waste treatment carried out according to procedures.

Business Feasibility Study Analysis of The Pianeta Ice Cream Dessert Business

The feasibility study analysis for the Pianeta Gelato business was carried out to present an experience of enjoying ice cream in a different way and concept than usual, as well as to meet market demand which is the foremost opportunity for the establishment of this business. Indonesia's climate and urban lifestyle are the main factors that increase the demand for ice cream products yearly. This Pianeta Gelato business uses a B2C (Business to Consumer) business model. This analysis also aims to find out about business competitors to improve concepts and create appropriate strategies to market this ice cream product to a predetermined target market. The strategy used is to make product concepts and designs that are different from usual, to do the taste by publishing a menu that is the same as the store concept, and to intensify promotions through digital marketing such as social media and KOL to increase public brand awareness. We also use technology that helps in the production and service processes to produce customer satisfaction with our products. The economic benefits obtained from this business are helping the Indonesian economy, providing job opportunities, helping local MSMEs using raw materials, and increasing state income through taxes paid. This ice cream business also pays attention to and supports sustainable development goals through environmentally friendly packaging and waste treatment carried out according to procedures.

Business Feasibility Study Analysis of The Pianeta Ice Cream Dessert Business

The feasibility study analysis for the Pianeta Gelato business was carried out to present an experience of enjoying ice cream in a different way and concept than usual, as well as to meet market demand which is the foremost opportunity for the establishment of this business. Indonesia's climate and urban lifestyle are the main factors that increase the demand for ice cream products yearly. This Pianeta Gelato business uses a B2C (Business to Consumer) business model. This analysis also aims to find out about business competitors to improve concepts and create appropriate strategies to market this ice cream product to a predetermined target market. The strategy used is to make product concepts and designs that are different from usual, to do the taste by publishing a menu that is the same as the store concept, and to intensify promotions through digital marketing such as social media and KOL to increase public brand awareness. We also use technology that helps in the production and service processes to produce customer satisfaction with our products. The economic benefits obtained from this business are helping the Indonesian economy, providing job opportunities, helping local MSMEs using raw materials, and increasing state income through taxes paid. This ice cream business also pays attention to and supports sustainable development goals through environmentally friendly packaging and waste treatment carried out according to procedures.

Marketing Strategy to Increase Sales during a New Normal Era on PT. Promedika Mitra Utama (Distributor in the Medical Device Sector)

COVID-19 has affected all economies. increases demand in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, notably in the health and pharmaceutical industries, which grow significantly. Some entities like micro-retailers hope to make a profit. Micro retailers dominate Indonesian based on product sales. Micro retailers sales and revenue rise significantly. Promedika Mitra Utama (PMU) sells and marketing their product using B2C business model. as micro retailer categorizes in micro in medical device industry, PMU has also been affected positively and negatively by the pandemic. In 2023, market condition of medical devices had started to fall, this caused corona cases to have gone down, people don’t really need medical devices. PMU as a micro retailer experienced a decline in sales as well, Learn from this dynamic condition. PMU wants to maintain the stability of sales performance at least will be stable to for a next a few years as a player on health and pharmaceutical industries. Marketing activities are one of those that can aid in this regard and directly relate to sales. In general, PMU has carried out marketing activities, but that kind of marketing activities PMU running are poor on measurement and monitoring, this led to his marketing activities often ineffective in Budgeting, scheduling, utilization. Entering 2023, PMU wants to make a marketing plan approach to efficiently budget campaigns, promotions, and other marketing activities according to the company’s goals and objective. Good marketing plan approach will be anticipated volatility of the market by enhancing sustainable competitive advantage. and evaluating ongoing marketing activities. Using the AFI analysis framework based on internal, external, and SWOT formulation, will result in some proposed marketing planning strategy. Marketing plan will be used for 2023 and for 2024 input evaluation, where the results are in the form of a formulation of 7Ps of marketing mix, TOWS, and Porter Generic analysis. Finding of this research, it was found that PMU will plan and applied some strategy and policies offline and online-based marketing activities in 2 semesters during 2023. Which is the goal of the first semester to build awareness and discount incentives to boost sales and Finding of this research, it was found that PMU will plan offline and online-based marketing activities in 2 semesters during 2023. Which is the goal of the first semester to build awareness and discount incentives to boost sales.

Boots on the ground: Foreign direct investment by born digital firms

AbstractResearch SummaryRecent global strategy research on born digital firms (i.e., firms with digital products distributed through digital channels) has paid only limited attention to the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the internationalization of such firms. We argue that exploiting digital technologies requires a range of complementary, non‐digital resources. Born digitals typically deploy FDI when large cultural and geographic distances limit the fungibility and scalability of such complementary resources, leading to a positive relationship between distance (cultural and geographic) and FDI. The positive distance effect is moderated by business model type. Using a sample of US‐based born digital firms with over 800 FDIs, we find support for our hypotheses and contribute an important empirical baseline to recent discussions of digitalization in global strategy.Managerial SummaryCompanies selling digital products (e.g., software, cloud‐based services) are theoretically able to offer their products in foreign markets through internet‐based channels, without ever setting foot in a foreign country. And yet, many “born digital” firms establish a physical presence in foreign markets by undertaking foreign direct investment (FDI). This phenomenon remains insufficiently explained. We argue that FDI can supply important complementary resources that help exploit and monetize digital assets in foreign markets. Using data from over 800 FDI projects, we show that FDI is more likely to occur if the foreign market is far away or culturally very different from the company's home country, and that the strength of this relationship differs among B2C and B2B business models.

Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Analyze Customer Churn in the Software as a Service (SaaS) Industry

Companies must retain their customers and maintain long-term relationships in industries with intense competition. Customer churn analysis is defined in the literature as identifying customers who may leave a company to take appropriate marketing precautions. While customer churn research is prevalent in B2C (Business to Customer) business models such as the telecoms and retail sectors, customer churn analysis in B2B (business to business) models is a relatively emerging topic. In this regard, the study carried out a customer churn analysis by considering an ERP (enterprise resource planning) company with a software as a service (SaaS) business model. Different machine learning algorithms analyzed ten features determined by selection methods and expert opinions. According to the analysis results, the random forest algorithm gave the best result. Additionally, it has been observed that the number of products and customer features has a relatively higher weight for the prediction of churner.

Growing pains and blessings: Manifestations and implications of equity crowdfunding industry maturation

The equity crowdfunding industry has grown significantly in the past decade. Industry life cycle theory suggests that growth dynamics and relations between stakeholders change as industries mature. The present study examines the characteristics and implications of maturation in the equity crowdfunding industry via the lens of industry life cycle theory. Specifically, we explore whether the industry is reverting to traditional entrepreneurial finance practice, or whether it retains its original distinguishing characteristics. Accordingly, we first assess changes with respect to users (investors) and products (campaigns and investment objects). Second, we assess the implications of these changes by comparing the determinants of fundraising campaign success in earlier and later industry stages. We use a longitudinal database and survey data sourced from a long-standing European equity crowdfunding platform. We show that equity crowdfunding seems to be converging towards traditional entrepreneurial finance practice, yet maintaining certain unique features stemming from digitality, platform nature, and investor diversity. Specifically, we show that (1) fundraising ventures and their campaigns have become larger and more professional, and (2) engaged investors became more knowledgeable and return-oriented. Accordingly, traditional investment criteria, such as team and commercial terms ratings, have become more important predictors of campaign success, and easily observable campaign characteristics, such as B2C business models, and minimum investment thresholds, less so. The findings support platform managers and entrepreneurs as they plan for campaigns seeking to attract investors in the industry's later stages.

Rancangan E-Commerce Mochpoint Menerapkan User Centered Design Berbasis Web

E-commerce is one of the strategies of a trading company to increase sales in the current digital era. Online marketing and transactions have become commonplace in the world of buying and selling. Mochpoint is a store that sells clothing that prioritizes the needs of teenagers to adults. Several obstacles were experienced by Mochpoint when they were still using the old or manual system, namely the promotion of goods still using Instagram, transactions that were not automatic resulted in frequent recording errors and on the customer side it was difficult to find out the stock of goods and the absence of long distance sales which made it easier for the company to expand its marketing area. Mochpoint is a store that implements a B2C (Business to customer) business model, but has not yet used a web-based sales system or e-commerce. Through the use of this website's information system, it is hoped that it will be able to increase the need for data and information to potential customers of ochpoint, where potential customers can exchange data and information to transactions about all products available on mochpoint. . The mochpoint store website was created using the PHP programming language and database processing using MySQL with the website address Http://mochpointweb.epizy.com/. The website design process uses a navigation structure and UML design. The results of the implementation and testing of this website can run well according to the design based on the test results, namely by testing the website on the browser and testing using the black box method

How digitalized interactive platforms create new value for customers by integrating B2B and B2C models? An empirical study in China

The traditional B2B model can’t meet the firm’s marketing and customer relationship management demands in the digital environment, and B2B and B2C separately is insufficient to the industry. Thus, we propose a digitalized interactive platform, which is a hybrid of B2B and B2C business models. This B2B2C (business-to-business-to-consumer) business model has transitioned from a traditional channel-driven mode to the integration of platform resources, reflecting the platform value. This study analyzes survey data collect from manufacturing and service industries based in China. The study finds that multi-dimensional platform value positively affects overall platform value, which in turn positively affects platform brand engagement. Moreover, platform brand engagement positively influences platform brand loyalty, ultimately increasing customer share. Thus, the study provides a new theoretical explanation and managerial implication for the value creation of digitalized interactive platforms.

Impulse buying behaviour of virtual customers’ in B2C business model

Impulse buying behaviour of virtual customers’ in B2C business model

B2C Business Models for the Food Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic

B2C Business Models for the Food Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Android-Based Agriculture And Livestock (Maritani) Marketplace Application

The Maritani application is an android-based agricultural and livestock marketplace application specifically designed to bring together sellers and buyers on one digitalized platform. The maritime marketplace application aims to facilitate sellers and buyers in buying and selling agricultural and livestock needs as well as food needs online. In its business process, the maritime marketplace application uses the B2C (Business to Customer) business model. Where business activities are carried out by producers to consumers using electronic media directly. The development of the Android-based Maritani marketplace is built with the Flutter framework and uses the Dart programming language. At the time of making the Maritani marketplace application for system development using the waterfall method, the development was started with an analysis of system requirements, then carried out the application display design (Graphic User Interface) implementation stage of the application implementation with the Dart programming language. The result of this research is a market application that can have a positive impact on users, both sellers and buyers. In the Maritani application which has a greater opportunity from the community to share knowledge with other sellers, sellers do not need to be afraid of losing consumers, features and regulations of the online market which greatly affect to increase the credibility and safety of the seller's shop, sellers are not required to have large capital.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SYSTEM QUALITY, INFORMATION QUALITY, SERVICE QUALITY, PROCESS QUALITY, AND COLLABORATION QUALITY TO USEFULNESS, USER SATISFACTION, AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF SOCIOLLA APPLICATION CUSTOMER IN SURABAYA

In this era, technology is important and very much needed, because almost all systems are operated online. The number of internet users in Indonesia according to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in 2018 was 171.17 million users. The increasing number of internet users in Indonesia today is one of the reasons for the emergence of e-commerce. Sociolla is one of an e-commerce platform in the beauty sector originating from Indonesia which uses B2C business model it offers beauty products which was ranked the 8th most visitors dekstop version in 2018 with 3 million visitors per month. Sociolla has now upgraded its system by launching a new application, namely SOCO, to make online shopping even easier. Therefore, the presence of Sociolla application was very influential in the development of the e-commerce industry, especially in Surabaya. The results showed that service quality has a significant effect on usefulness with a regression coefficient of 0.236, service quality has a significant effect on user satisfaction with a regression coefficient of 0.153, system quality has a significant effect on usefulness with a regression coefficient of 0.212, system quality has a significant effect on user satisfaction with a regression coefficient of 0.151, collaboration quality has a significant effect on usefulness with a regression coefficient of 0.188, collaboration quality has a significant effect on user satisfaction with a regression coefficient of 0.178, process quality has a significant effect on usefulness with a regression coefficient of 0.182, process quality has a significant effect on user satisfaction with a regression coefficient of 0.213, information quality has a significant effect on usefulness with a regression coefficient of 0.153, information quality has a significant effect on user satisfaction with a regression coefficient of 0.132, usefulness has a significant effect on user satisfaction with a regression coefficient of 0.212, usefulness has a significant effect on customer loyalty with a regression coefficient of 0.213, and user satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty with a regression coefficient of 0.625.

ENABLING THE UTILIZATION OF POTENTIALLY DISRUPTIVE DIGITAL INNOVATIONS BY INCUMBENTS: THE IMPACT OF CONTEXTUAL, ORGANISATIONAL, AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS IN REGULATED CONTEXTS

Incumbents’ inertia in the face of disruptive innovations has been emphasised in prior literature. The relevance of inertia is particularly topical in the context of digital transformation. However, incumbents may be able to invest in disruptive digital innovations appropriately if they possess the motivation and ability to do so. In this paper, I use three streams of research in order to investigate contextual, organisational, and individual antecedents of incumbents’ motivation and ability to adopt and use potentially disruptive digital innovations in health care: institutional theory, the resource-based view, and technology acceptance literature. I employ factor analyses and logistic regressions to test the impact on the adoption and usage of telemedicine applications using a dataset of 9,196 European general practitioners. I examine B2B as well as B2C applications in order to determine the effect of the antecedents on different business models. My findings suggest that only isomorphic pressure, complementary assets, and perceived output quality significantly influence both adoption and usage as well as B2B and B2C business models in the same way. Formal institutions and individual factors yield ambiguous results. These findings provide important implications for the understanding of incumbents’ response to potentially disruptive digital innovations in regulated contexts.

Internationalization of carsharing companies in Europe

The purpose of this paper is to explore the specifics of the internationalization process of carsharing companies as the largest players in the new sector of a sharing economy. The comparative analysis of the internationalization process of carsharing companies in European countries was conducted from four directions: the intensity of car use, the way to enter foreign markets, internationalization rate, and the choice of locations within a country for doing business. Carsharing companies with B2C and P2P business models pursue various strategies to penetrate foreign markets. B2C companies lead the internationalization process; in most cases they are large European automotive corporations or car rental companies. When entering the same foreign market, companies with a P2P business model cover more cities in a country than B2C firms. Also, over the internationalization period carsharing companies with a B2C business model enter the markets of more countries than P2P companies. The latter primarily enter the markets of neighboring countries, while the former internationalize in the largest markets. The further global expansion of carsharing is determined by several contradicting factors. Before the COVID-19 pandemic began, most scholars had predicted a growing popularity of carsharing services. The use of electric vehicles and automated guided vehicles within the framework of carsharing sparked the main growth impacts. However, the coronavirus pandemic poses a threat to the development of sharing economy. Reinforcement of safety requirements as to minimize personal contacts and consumer interactions along with the aspiration of states to reduce their level of involvement in global processes can lead to the transformation of the process and internationalization strategies.

스마트 관광 비즈니스 확장을 위한 여행플랫폼 모델의 탐색적 연구

As an exploratory research on the travel platform model for the expansion of the smart tourism business, with the Team Heads and the Heads of the Business Departments in the travel business field as the subjects and as the interviewees of this research, by selecting the subjects who are scheduled to push ahead and plan regarding the travel platform as the interviewees, the expert interviews had been proceeded with the related items, including the following: Firstly, the direction of the travel platform: Secondly, the structure of the travel platform model; Thirdly, the constituent elements of the travel platform; Fourthly, the important matters when designing a travel platform; Etc. As a result of the research, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of a platform in the travel industry, the introduction, and the possibility of the utilization, of a cutting-edge technology regarding the travel information and the travel products and services are the very important elements. And, according to the expansions of the B2C, O2O, and OTA business models in the travel market, the preparation and the establishment of a customized-type, travel platform business model with the foreign tourists as the subjects are needed. And a standardization strategy regarding the process of the expansion of the travel platform business for drawing the agreement between the persons interested must be formulated. It is judged that, in the researches in the future, the specific, additional researches regarding the convenience of the travel platform users and regarding the commercialization of the platforms are needed.