Β-sitosterol Compounds Research Articles

Antibacterial activity of β-Sitosterol from Ketapang kencana stem (Terminalia mantaly)

The genus of Terminalia is widespread in southern Asia, the Himalayas, Madagascar, Australia and Africa. The composition of chemical compounds from the genus of Terminalia consists of terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, lignans, phenols and glycosides often used in Ayurveda and drugs. β-sitosterol compounds have been isolated from the n-hexane extract of the stems of Ketapang Kencana (T. mantaly) through various chromatographic methods. The chemical structure was identified based on IR, UV spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and NMR 2D. The antibacterial activity of n-hexane extract and β-sitosterol compounds was carried out on positive gram bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes) and negative gram bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli). The value of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for extracts and isolates was 0.5 mg/mL respectively.

Verification of the folkloric and anecdotal antidiabetic effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (Fisch., C.A. Mey. & Avé-Lall) and isolated, β-sitosterol using early-stage type II spontaneous diabetic mutant BKS-Leprdb mice

BackgroundPrevious studies in our laboratory in ex vivo assays have demonstrated H. hemerocallidea extract as potential antidiabetic agent through increased insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. Thus, for this study the early stage type II spontaneous diabetic mutant mice model was used to evaluate and determine the degree of the antidiabetic efficacy of H. hemerocallidea.MethodsEight-weeks-old type II spontaneous pre-diabetic mutant BKS-Leprdb mice were fed with feed supplemented with either H. hemerocallidea extract, isolated compound (β-sitosterol) or chlorpropamide (positive control) for 4 weeks. The haematological parameters, clinical chemistry, glucose tolerance, feed intake, faecal output and body weights were measured.ResultsThe blood glucose concentrations of all the animals treated with plant extract, β-sitosterol compound and non-treated pre-diabetic animals did not return to baseline levels. Only the β-sitosterol treatment and positive control groups resulted in a respective small decrease of 5.8 and 5.2% in the mouse weights over the study period, with no significant changes (p > 0.05) in food intake. However, there was a general trend for decrease in faecal output for all the groups. Albumin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in β-sitosterol and chlorpropamide-treated animals were lower, relative to untreated-animals. Animals fed with plant extract showed large amounts of internal fat. There were no significant changes (p > 0.05) in total serum protein, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea nitrogen and creatinine attributed to administration of treatments. In all groups, some animals showed lesions associated with cardiac puncture. Few animals except animals treated with plant extract, showed presence of a left-ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The liver and kidneys for all groups appeared macroscopically normal and the thymuses were small (±2 mg). There were pathological signs in some of the animals particularly in myocardial fibres, renal tubular, glomerular, hepatocyte granularity and pancreas islets. However, there was no significance trend between the groups.ConclusionBased on the results, none of the treatments could be considered highly effective for the management of type II pre-diabetes as sole therapeutic intervention.

Antimicrobial Activity of β-Sitosterol Isolated from Kalanchoe tomentosa Leaves Against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Kalanchoe tomentosa</i> is identified and their different characteristics regarding the antibacterial and antioxidant properties have a vast effect. Fresh <i>K. tomentosa</i> leaves obtained from Bandung, Indonesia was extracted using n-hexane followed by serial dichloromethane maceration. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> N-hexane and ethyl acetate were used to separate the dichloromethane extract using vacuum liquid chromatography and the isolated compounds were recrystallized with n-hexane. <b>Results:</b> About 37 mg of dichloromethane extract was obtained from the extraction process. Recrystallized compound isolates were identified as stigmast-5-en-3-ol or β-sitosterol. Both dichloromethane extract and β-sitosterol isolated compounds showed strong bacteriostatic activity against <i>S. aureus</i> with MIC = 15.63 and 7.81 μg mL<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> and<i> K. pneumonia</i> with MIC = 7.81 and 31.25 μg mL<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively. However, only dichloromethane extract exhibited a bactericidal effect (7.81 μg mL<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>). <b>Conclusion:</b> The pure β-sitosterol compound was isolated from<i> K. tomentosa</i> dichloromethane extract. Both the dichloromethane extract and the isolated β-sitosterol compound had antibacterial effects against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>K. pneumonia.</i&gt.

β-Sitosterol Compound from Dichloromethane Extracts of Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulacea) Leaves and Inhibition of α-amilase Activity

Kalanchoe tomentosa is one of the plants of the Crassulaceae tribe that can lower blood sugar and contains compounds of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, fatty acids, steroids, and triterpenoids. This study aims to isolate and identify chemical compounds from dichloromethane extract of Kalanchoe tomentosa leaves, as well as to test the inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme. Extraction was carried out by maceration using dichloromethane as a solvent, then dichloromethane extract was purified using column chromatography, the pure isolate was obtained in the form of white powder, and an inhibition test was carried out against the α-amylase enzyme. The thin layer chromatography data of pure isolates compared to pure β-sitosterol are similar. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that the chemical structure of the pure isolate is β-sitosterol, the methylene chloride extract of K. tomentosa leaves has an inhibitory activity against the α-amylase enzyme with an inhibition value of 65%. This value is greater than the positive control of acarbose which only has 37% inhibition and β-sitosterol compound by 6.7%. This value is smaller when compared to the control of acarbose at the same concentration which obtained 5% inhibition.

POTENTIAL TRACKING OF CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF MANGROVE PEREPATE (Sonneratia alba) ROOT EXTRACT AS AN ANTICANCER CANDIDATE

Mangrove plants are one of the most extensive biodiversity in Jambi. Besides functioning as a coastal ecosystem protector, it also has any potential of its chemical content. The study of mangrove’s bioactive compound is important to generate a new therapeutic agent. This study aims to obtain chemical compounds that have cytotoxic activity, reveal the chemical formula and molecular structure of that active compound, and determine the cytotoxic activity level of active compound from perepat (Sonneratia alba) root extract. The extract was isolated and purified using Liquid Vacuum Chromatography, Graphitation Column Chromatography, and Thin Layer Chromatography. The isolate was characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometry. Our result found that it corresponds to the β-sitosterol compound group with a high similarly chromophore. Furthermore, both of the extract and isolate was tested for toxicity activity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using Artemia salina shrimp larvae. Herein, we reported that acetone isolated extract possesses lower cell death average 100% (start 200 μg/ml) than isolate extract 80% (50μg/ml). Furthermore the toxicity of total extract has LC50 23,98 (μg/ml), while Isolate 10,04 (μg/ml). From the LC50 value, it can be concluded that the toxicity of the extract lower than the isolate, and both were classified as very toxic compounds, and very potential to be developed into anti-cancer drug compounds.

Extraction and Screening of ß-Sitosterol Compounds from Chloroform Extracts Barks of Kelor Plant (<i>Moringa oleifera </i>Limn) as a Candidate of Cancer Treatment Compounds

Treatment for cancer disease by using traditional plant has been used since the ancient era. many plants have the potential to treat cancer, one of them is β-sitosterol. for over a decade, β-sitosterol has many functions in the human body such as treatment for the cancer patient or cholesterol treatment. for this reason, the aims of these studies were to get the best solvent system to the gain β-sitosterol compound from the bark of kelor. Extraction section showed the best solvent system is hexane: ethyl acetate by increasing polarity index and from the pharmacognostic test, hexane extract has a positive result for alkaloid and steroid but not for flavonoid test. The result of the partition of extract hexane founded that there were 4 (A-D) fractions but only C fraction has crystal yellow. Base on the IR fragment, fraction C of the bark of kelor, (Moringa oleifera Limn) has similarity with the β-sitosterol compound.

TOKSISITAS SENYAWA Β-SITOSTEROL DAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG AGLAIA

Pacar cina (Aglaia odorata Lour) is a plant that is widely used as an traditional medicine because of natural materials they contain. The study aims to from Pacar cina extracts and toxicity test of each extract and isolated compound by BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method. The method used in the maceration. In this study, the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol extracts and β-sitosterol compound showed toxic effect (LC50 261,17; 110; 266,75 and 100 μg/mL, respectively). The toxicity degree among the three extracts and isolated compound is β-sitosterol > ethyl acetate > n-hexane > methanol.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl and encapsulation in PHBV by SEDS technique

Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott ex Endl is a plant used in popular medicine with pharmacological actions already proven by scientific studies. The aim of this work was to investigate the application of Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids (SEDS) technique in the encapsulation of P. bipinnatifidum extract, rich in β-Sitosterol, in poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) biopolymer (PHBV). A 22 Central Composite Design (CCD) with 3 central points was used to assess the influence of extract concentration (5.0, 12.5 and 20.0 mg mL−1) and temperature (35.0, 37.5 and 40.0 °C) on particle size and encapsulation efficiency. Most of experiments obtained spherical particles and the highest encapsulation efficiency (89.56%) was verified using 20.0 mg mL−1 of extract concentration (ratio 1:1 extract and PHBV) and temperature of 35.0 °C. Also, the lowest medium particle size was achieved in these conditions, resulting in 0.622 ± 0.232 μm. The GC/MS analysis of the particles demonstrated that the process caused little variation in the chemical composition of the extract, maintaining its main constituents, such as the phytosterols campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. The β-sitosterol compound had an increase of about 35% in its concentration in the extract after the encapsulation process. The results demonstrate the possibility of applying SEDS technique to encapsulate extracts with bioactive compounds of phytosterols class.

Isolation and Identification of Functional Components in Seed of Cherry Laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) and Investigation of Their Antioxidant Capacity

In generally, bioactive compounds are named functional compounds. There is trend to investigate of isolation, identification and biological activities of functional compounds from natural sourcs in recent years. The aim of this work is to investigate functional compounds analysis and their antioxidant capacity of cherry laurel seed. In this work some functional compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques and identification of their structure by spectroscopic (NMR, IR, UV, etc.) methods. Amygdalin, prunasin, and β-sitosterol compounds were isolated. These compounds firstly were isolated from cherry laurel seed. The antioxidant capacities of these compounds have been investigated with some different antioxidant methods. In this study, it has been shown that reduction power activities of these compounds were higher than BHA and lower than BHT and α-tocopherol.