B-MAC Protocol Research Articles

Research on Efficiency Optimization of Logistics Vehicle Monitoring Model Based on Wireless Sensor Network

For enhance running effectiveness efficiency of logistics carriage supervisory depended on wireless sensor network (WSN), a novel wireless sensor network optimized by improved bat algorithm is established. Firstly, working theory and system framework of WSN depended on logistics monitoring system are analyzed. Secondly, B-MAC protocol is used in proposed wireless sensor network, and corresponding models are established, and recovery ratio of wireless sensor network is defined, and node deployment optimization of wireless sensor network is constructed. Thirdly, the optimization algorithm of node deployment of WSN is designed based on amended bat algorithm, and analysis procedure of this algorithm is established. Finally, a simulation analysis is carried out, analysis results show that performance of proposed WSN logistics carriage supervisory based on improved bat algorithm is better, which has quicker convergence speed and higher convergence precision, and reliability of proposed WSN logistics carriage supervisory is improved, the energy consumption of sensor node data transmission is reduced, and the life of WSN is improved. Proposed WSN based on logistics carriage supervisory based on improved BA has higher coverage ratio and higher efficiency. Therefore proposed wireless sensor network based on logistics carriage supervisory based on improved bat algorithm can obtain better monitoring efficiency, which has prospect application view.

Cross-Layer Routing for a Mobility Support Protocol Based on Handover Mechanism in Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sink.

Wireless sensor networks with mobile collectors or sinks face some challenges regarding the data collection process and the continuous connectivity and delivering of data while the mobile sink is moving throughout the network. These challenges increase as the network grows. For this aim, we propose in this paper a cross-layer routing protocol which supports mobility for large-scale wireless sensor networks, which we name CLR-MSPH. We adapt CLR-MSPH for the hierarchical architecture of the network, and it performs on cluster-based wireless sensor networks where the network is organized in clusters. Our proposed protocol deals with the problem of handover data after the mobile sink leaves the radio range of cluster head without sending all data stored in the cluster head’s buffer. We also introduce a mobility model for the mobile sink for a better data collection process. CLR-MSPH is considered as an extending implementation of BMAC protocol with handover mechanism (BMAC-H). In order to prove the efficiency of the proposed protocol, we compare CLR-MSPH to BMAC-H, where we adapted BMAC-H to perform in cluster-based wireless sensor networks. The simulation results show that CLR-MSPH performs better than BMAC-H in terms of packets reception rate, energy, and latency.

Throughput Analysis of Power Control B-MAC Protocol In WSN

This paper presents a new methodology for energy consumption of nodes and throughput analysis has been performed through simulation for B-MAC protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks. The design includes transmission power control and multi-hop transmission of frames through adjusted transmitted power level. Proposed model reduces collision with contention level notification. The proposed model has been simulated using MATLAB. The simulations reveal better results for throughput of the proposed model as compared to B-MAC protocol. In this model we have included a mechanism for node discovery to find the location of the node before transmission of data to it. This increases the throughput of the network since the position of a dislocated node has been found, that results into successful transmission of frames. However, the energy consumption of a node increases due to energy consumed in node discovery.

무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 에너지 효율적인 비동기 방식의 센서 MAC 프로토콜 설계

초기의 동기식 프로토콜의 대표적인 S-MAC 과 T-MAC은 듀티사이클 기법을 사용으로 주기적인 활성과 비활성을 반복함으로써 기존의 무선 MAC 프로토콜에 비하여 에너지 소모를 줄였음을 보였다. 하지만 동기식 프로토콜은 동기화를 위한 별도의 제어패킷이 사용됨으로써 에너지 효율성이 떨어지고 설계 면으로서도 복잡하다는 단점을 갖는다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 비동기 프로토콜인 B-MAC과 X-MAC은 CSMA매체 접근 방식과 프리엠블을 통한 전송을 하는 LPL(Low Power Listeing)기법을 사용하여 별도의 제어패킷의 사용 없이 독립적인 듀티사이클 스케줄을 가지고도 통신이 가능하도록 설계됐다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 비동기 프로토콜인 X-MAC을 기반으로 보다 높은 에너지 효율성을 갖는 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 에너지 효율적인 비동기 방식의 센서 MAC 프로토콜을 설계한다. 이를 위하여서 송신노드와 수신노드에 프리엠블 넘버링 기법과 가상동기화기법을 설계 및 적용하였으며 대표적인 센서 노드인 TelosB센서모트를 이용하여 기존의 X-MAC 프로토콜과 에너지 효율성을 비교 및 검증한다. Synchronization MAC Protocol such as S-MAC and T-MAC utilize duty cycling technique which peroidically operate wake-up and sleep state for reducing energy consumption. But synchronization MAC showed low energy efficiency because of additional control packets. For better energy consumption, Asychronization MAC protocols are suggested. For example, B-MAC, and X-MAC protocol adopt Low Power Listening (LPL) technique with CSMA algorithm. All nodes in these protocols joining a network with independent duty cycle schedules without additional synchronization control packets. For this reason, asynchronous MAC protocol improve energy efficiency. In this study, a low-power MAC protocol which is based on X-MAC protocol for wireless sensor network is proposed for better energy efficiency. For this protocol, we suggest preamble numbering, and virtual-synchronization technique between sender and receive node. Using TelosB mote for evaluate energy efficiency.

A Self-Adaptive Spectrum Management Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks

The vision of the Internet of Things, wherein everyday objects are embedded with smart wireless sensor devices, is making these sensor devices increasingly pervasive. As the density of their deployment in overlapping or adjacent areas increases, the contention for the unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM band will also increase. To deal with the crowded spectrum, nodes must use the channels more judiciously and be able to adapt by detecting and switching to the most available channel. The SAS middleware that we have developed, is a self-adaptive spectrum management middleware for wireless sensor networks that enhances single-frequency MAC protocols with multi-frequency capability, without any change in hardware. It allows a single-frequency MAC protocol, like B-MAC, to automatically adapt to the least congested physical channel at runtime. SAS supports a combination of receiver-initiated and sender-initiated schemes to decide when to switch the channel and which channel to switch to. We have implemented the B-MAC protocol integrated with SAS in TinyOS 2.1 on TelosB sensor devices and evaluated its performance on the conditions of varied data flows and the interference produced by a jammer. The results demonstrate that the integrated B-MAC protocol outperforms B-MAC in terms of packet reception ratio, system throughput, average packet delay, and energy consumption.