Β-lactam Group Of Antibiotics Research Articles

​Clinical Study on Penicillin Anaphylaxis and Role of Oxidative Stress and Pro-inflammatory Markers: An Implication for Therapy

Background: Penicillin belongs to the β-Lactam group of antibiotics which is used as a first-line drug in veterinary medicine. The occurrence of penicillin anaphylaxis and its pathophysiology is rarely reported in ruminants. Methods: In the present study, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response were investigated in 4 cases (Jersey crossbred) of penicillin hypersensitivity by assessing oxidative stress biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Animals in the current experimental plan were divided into three groups, group I included penicillin hypersensitive (n=4), group II included penicillin tolerant (n=6) and group III (n=10), included healthy control animals. Result: Mean values of temperature, heart rate and respiration were significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated in the penicillin-sensitive group compared to the penicillin tolerant and control group. The present study revealed significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while as levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly reduced in the penicillin-sensitive group. Levels of G6PD showed significant positive correlation with GPx (r=0.54, P less than 0.001) and catalase (r=0.34, P less than 0.05) while as significant negative correlation with XO (r=0.39, P less than 0.05) was observed. Collectively, these findings indicate that the pathophysiology of penicillin hypersensitivity involves anti-oxidant imbalance and enhanced pro-inflammatory response and targeting these pathways can have therapeutic implications for penicillin hypersensitivity.

Application of Photocatalytic Process Using UV/TiO2 for Degradation of Cefepime: A Comparison between Photocatalytic and Photolytic

Cephalosporin is a group of β-lactam antibiotics that has a wide antibacterial ability, so its therapeutic use is high. Although much research has been conducted about the fate of antibiotics in an aquatic environment, little investigation has been done about the removal of cephalosporin. In this study, Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic was selected and different tests such as UV/TiO2, UV, TiO2 under darkness, and TiO2 under sunlight were applied to determine whether these methods are effective ways to remove Cefepime from aqueous solutions or not. Different amounts of catalyst and different pHs were used as effective parameters on degradation efficiency and were optimized. The Cefepime removal was measured by HPLC. The mobile phase was comprised of 10:90 Acetonitrile: water with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The detected wavelength was 212 nm. Maximum removal efficiency (92.9%) for 20 mg/L Cefepime in neutral pH and catalyst dose of 70 mg/L after 120 min irradiation was observed. At the same conditions, the degradation efficiencies for UV, TiO2 under sunlight, and TiO2 under darkness were determined 77.65%, 53.24%, and 15.12% respectively. Also, the reaction rate constant was increased from 0.0054 to 0.0279 (1/min) for photolysis and photocatalysis, respectively. This work was economically compared with photolysis and the result showed that the EEO for the UV/TiO2 process was five times lower than UV processes.UV/TiO2 process could be an efficient method to successfully remove the Cefepime antibiotic from aqueous solutions.

Molecular characterization of plasmid-encoded blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M among extended spectrum β-lactamases [ESBLs] producing Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii associated with nosocomial infections are among the top six drug resistant microbes. Extensive use of the β-lactam group of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug...

Cation–π Interactions in β-Lactamases: The Role in Structural Stability

β-lactam group of antibiotics is the most widely used therapeutic molecules for treating bacterial infections. The main mode of bacterial resistance to β-lactams is by β-lactamases. In the present study, we report our results on the role of cation-π interactions in β-lactamases and their environmental preferences. The number of interactions formed by arginine is higher than lysine in the cationic group, while tyrosine is comparatively higher than phenylalanine and tryptophan in the π group. Our results indicate that cation-π interactions might play an important role in the global conformational stability of β-lactamases.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships in the cefpirome series. I. 7-(2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(Z)-oxyiminoacetamido)-3-((substituted-1-pyridinio)methyl)-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylates.

7-[2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(Z)-oxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(s ubs tituted-1-pyridinio)methyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylates II are a group of beta-lactam antibiotics with extraordinary high antibacterial activity. The promising member of this group, cefpirome (HR 810, II-1) is a candidate for clinical use. Synthetic pathways to II starting from cefotaxime derivatives I or 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) are described. A preferred method for the conversion of I to II or 7-ACA to precursors III respectively employs iodotrimethylsilane and an excess of the pyridine base. Structure-activity studies reveal an optimum overall activity in the series of pyridines with fused saturated and unsaturated rings or cyclopropyl- and alkoxy substituents. Favorable oxyimino substituents are methyl, ethyl, difluoromethyl and carbamoylmethyl groups. Acidic substituents lead to decreased activity against Staphylococcus aureus SG 511. Introduction of halogen in the thiazole nucleus causes improvement of activity against the K1 beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella aerogenes 1082 E strain.

Antibiotic susceptibilities and serotypes of hemolytic streptococci isolated in Japan from 1980 to 1982

During the period of 1980-1982, a total of 2, 457 strains of group A hemolytic streptococci were isolated in Japan. We examined the susceptibility to antibiotics and 1927 strains of them were typed serologically by T-agglutination procedure. 86 strains of group B hemolytics isolated in 1982 were also subjected to the antibiotics susceptibility test.The results were as follow:1) None of the resistant strains against β-lactam group of antibiotics was found as former survey.2) Incidence of the TC-resistant strains in whole isolates has not been changed since 1976. Those of CP-and MLs-resistant isolates increased since 1978 till 1981, then decreased in 1982.3) The main sources of a resistant isolates were scarlet fever patients and next to them were the patients of infectious disease other than scarlet fever.4) Serotype 12 was the main type in isolates from infectious disease patients including scarlet fever, but from the healthy pupil, serotype 12, 1, 6, 13, 28 were isolated nearly same rate.5) The number of multiple resistant strains of serotype 12 decreased remarkably in 1982. We found that the isolates of serotype 1 tend to be sensitive to all antibiotics, those of type 4 TC monoresistant, and type 6 TC-CP biresistant. All of the type 18 strains were sensitive to all antibiotics studied.6) One of the 86 strains of group B hemolytic storeptococci had ≥ 400, μ g/ml MIC against OL, but remained relatively sensitive to EM.