Β-carotene Bleaching Research Articles

Antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities of red lionfish (Pterois volitans L.) muscle protein hydrolysates obtained using pepsin-pancreatin system

Despite being an invasive species and representing a threat in the area, red lionfish (Pterois volitans L.) meat is valued for its pleasant taste and high protein content. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACE-I) and the antioxidant activities of red lionfish muscle protein hydrolysates in vitro. Hydrolysates were obtained using the pepsin-pancreatin system, and their degree of hydrolysis (DH), electrophoretic, and amino acid profile were determined. Subsequently, their ACE-I and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity were evaluated, selecting those with the highest response. The highest DH (66.1%) was found in the hydrolysate obtained at 120 min of reaction time (H120); electrophoresis revealed the action of the enzymes on the muscle proteins. The highest bioactivities occurred during hydrolysis with pepsin for 60 min (H60), obtaining the highest ACE-I of 68.8% (evaluated with 500 µg protein) with a DH of 16.8%, ACE-I related amino acid content of 33.6%, and hydrophobic amino acid content of 42.9%. With the 30 min hydrolysates (H30), the highest Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of 60.3 mM/mg protein was obtained with 18.4% DH and 22.1% radical scavenger amino acids; its comparison with H120 proved that higher DH did not produce a greater response in ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, DPPH, reducing power, and copper chelation assays; with β-carotene bleaching being the exception. Therefore, it can be concluded that red lionfish muscle hydrolysates could be a promising source of peptides with antihypertensive and antioxidant properties, and can be suitable as functional ingredients.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Anacyclus Valentinus L. Essential Oil and its Oxygenated Fraction.

Synthetic antioxidants and anti-inflammatories are widely used by the food and pharmaceutical industries. Like any synthetic product, these are toxic and represent a significant health risk. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of Anacyclus valentinus essential oil and its oxygenated fraction, as well as their in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The essential oil was hydrodistilled using a Clevenger-type device and the oxygenated fraction was obtained by column chromatography using diethyl ether. The essential oil and its oxygenated fraction were analysed by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant activities were performed using three different methods Radical scavenging activity (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching test, and the Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), using BHT as a positive control. The activity of antiinflammatory of essential oil and its oxygenated fraction was assessed by the protein denaturation method using the diclofenac sodium as a positive control. The essential oil of Anacyclus valentinus was represented mainly by oxygenated sesquiterpene compounds (37.7%), hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (14.7%), oxygenated monoterpenes (18.4%) and non-terpenic compounds (15.6%). The oxygenated fraction was composed mainly of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (40.6%), oxygenated monoterpenes (38.5%), and non-terpene compounds (19.4%). Essential oil and oxygenated fraction showed antioxidant activity. The most potent activity was observed by the oxygenated fraction in the DPPH (IC50 = 8.2 mL/L) and β - carotene bleaching (IC50 = 5.6 mL/L) tests. While the essential oil of A. valentinus showed very good anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 of 0.3 g/L higher than that of diclofenac (IC50= 0.53 g/L). The results showed that the essential oil and the oxygenated fraction of A. valentinus are rich in sesquiterpene compounds and possess interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, other studies are necessary to be able to offer these extracts to the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of geranium (pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) essential oil as affected by the growing biotope

ABSTRACT This study investigated the variability of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil (EO) from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) aerial parts, collected from four Tunisian regions. The highest EO yield was obtained in Korba, followed by Beja, Tozeur and Sfax. In all regions, geranium EO was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes mainly due to the predominance of citronellol and geraniol. Antioxidant potential of geranium EO was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, iron reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assays. Independently of region, geranium EO showed a weak antioxidant potential as compared to the positive control BHT. However, geranium EO was endowed with important antibacterial properties. In fact, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive strains than Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus hirae. These findings suggested that geranium EO could be used as new and rich potential sources of many future multipurpose products for food preservation, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. Extract: Characterization and assessment of their biological activities

Nanoparticle synthesis for biological devices is one of the most promising research fields invading the world. This work aimed to synthesize ecofriendly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with enhanced biological activities. A green method was adopted to synthesize, for the first time, AgNPs from Fraxinus angustifolia extracts. The AgNPs structural and morphological properties were characterized. Their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects were investigated. Their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were explored using the novel method of acetocarmine dye. Results confirmed the formation of stable, mono-dispersed and spheric nanoparticles with a Face-Centered Cubic crystalline structure, sized from 30.12 to 49.62 nm. The AgNPs showed high antioxidant activities (DPPH, β-carotene bleaching and total antioxidant activities). They significantly inhibited the growth of the multi-drug resistant pathogens Escherchia coli and Candida tropicalis. However, they showed moderate inhibitory activity against biofilm production of E. coli and C. tropicalis, with 65 and 63% inhibition, respectively. F. angustifolia AgNPs exhibited interesting antidiabetic activity, exceeding that of the acarbose. Interestingly, the acetocarmine stanning was approved as an exploration technique for the screening of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Allium cepa epidermis tissues treated by the AgNPs presented a visible morphological change in the cell membrane and the disruption of the nuclear envelope. The obtained results highlighted the versatile biological potential of F. angustifolia AgNPs allowing their use as green nanomaterials in food preservation, pharmaceutical formulation and in food quality prospecting. This work also affords a new method for screening possible cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nanomaterials in agri-food applications.

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Hydroethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of the Inflorescences of Allium sphaerocephalon L.

The objective of this effort is to quantify the amounts of phenolics and the in vitro antioxidant capacities of Allium sphaerocephalon L. flowers’ hydroethanolic (EOH) and aqueous (AQE) extracts. The two extracts' total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were determined spectrophotometrically. Results showed the extraction yield obtained by EOH and AQE were 18.30% and 11.80%, respectively. The EOH gave higher amounts of TPC (12.73±0.91µg GAE/mg DW) and TFC (7.67±0.24µg QE/mg DW) than AQE (TPC = 9.71±0.53µg GAE/mg DW and TFC= 5.68±0.90µg QE/ mg DW). Five techniques were used to train antioxidant activity. The EOH extract had high activity in DPPH radical scavenging capacities and β-carotene bleaching assay, while the AQE extract had high activity in metal chelating ions and reducing power assay. However, both extracts had no different significance in cupric-reducing capacity. A moderate quantity of flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as a satisfactory level of antioxidant activity, were observed in both preparations derived from the flowers of A. sphaerocephalon L., where this activity is not all fully related to the amount of phenolic compounds.

Chemical profiling of volatile compounds of the essential oil of grey-leaved rockrose (Cistus albidus L.) and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activity in vitro and in silico.

Cistus albidus: L., also known as Grey-leaved rockrose and locally addressed as šṭab or tûzzâla lbîḍa, is a plant species with a well-established reputation for its health-promoting properties and traditional use for the treatment of various diseases. This research delves into exploring the essential oil extracted from the aerial components of Cistus albidus (referred to as CAEO), aiming to comprehend its properties concerning antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial efficacy, and cytotoxicity. Firstly, a comprehensive analysis of CAEO's chemical composition was performed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, four complementary assays were conducted to assess its antioxidant potential, including DPPH scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity assays. The investigation delved into the anti-inflammatory properties via the 5-lipoxygenase assay and the antimicrobial effects of CAEO against various bacterial and fungal strains. Additionally, the research investigated the cytotoxic effects of CAEO on two human breast cancer subtypes, namely, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Chemical analysis revealed camphene as the major compound, comprising 39.21% of the composition, followed by α-pinene (19.01%), bornyl acetate (18.32%), tricyclene (6.86%), and melonal (5.44%). Notably, CAEO exhibited robust antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by the low IC50 values in DPPH (153.92 ± 4.30μg/mL) and β-carotene (95.25 ± 3.75μg/mL) assays, indicating its ability to counteract oxidative damage. The ABTS assay and the total antioxidant capacity assay also confirmed the potent antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 120.51 ± 3.33TEμmol/mL and 458.25 ± 3.67µg AAE/mg, respectively. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, CAEO displayed a substantial lipoxygenase inhibition at 0.5mg/mL. Its antimicrobial properties were broad-spectrum, although some resistance was observed in the case of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. CAEO exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on tumor cell lines in vitro. Additionally, computational analyses were carried out to appraise the physicochemical characteristics, drug-likeness, and pharmacokinetic properties of CAEO's constituent molecules, while the toxicity was assessed using the Protox II web server.

Chemical and biological characterization of Melaleuca subulata (Cheel) Craven leaves’ volatile constituents supported by chemometric analysis and molecular docking

BackgroundThe genus Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) comprises dozens of essential oil (EO)-rich species that are appreciated worldwide for their various medicinal values. Additionally, they are renowned in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and other skin-related activities. The current study investigated the chemical profile and skin-related activities of volatile constituents derived from M. subulata (Cheel) Craven (Synonym Callistemon subulatus) leaves cultivated in Egypt for the first time.MethodsThe volatile components were extracted using hydrodistillation (HD), headspace (HS), and supercritical fluid (SF). GC/MS and Kovat’s retention indices were implemented to identify the volatile compounds, while the variations among the components were assessed using Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. The radical scavenging activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and β-carotene assays. Moreover, the anti-aging effect was evaluated using anti-elastase, and anti-collagenase, while the antimicrobial potential was deduced from the agar diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Lastly, the molecular docking study was executed using C-docker protocol in Discovery Studio 4.5 to rationalize the binding affinity with targeted enzymes.ResultsThe SF extraction approach offered the highest EO yield, being 0.75%. According to the GC/MS analysis, monoterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant volatile class in the HD oil sample (54.95%), with α-pinene being the most copious component (35.17%). On the contrary, the HS and SF volatile constituents were pioneered with oxygenated monoterpenes (72.01 and 36.41%) with eucalyptol and isopulegone being the most recognized components, representing 67.75 and 23.46%, respectively. The chemometric analysis showed segregate clustering of the three extraction methods with α-pinene, eucalyptol, and isopulegone serving as the main discriminating phytomarkers. Concerning the bioactivity context, both SF and HD-EOs exhibited antioxidant effects in terms of ORAC and β-carotene bleaching. The HD-EO displayed potent anti-tyrosinase activity, whereas the SF-EO exhibited significant anti-elastase properties. Moreover, SF-EO shows selective activity against gram-positive skin pathogens, especially S. aureus. Ultimately, molecular docking revealed binding scores for the volatile constituents; analogous to those of the docked reference drugs.ConclusionsM. subulata leaves constitute bioactive volatile components that may be indorsed as bioactive hits for managing skin aging and infection, though further in vivo studies are recommended.

Antioxidant and anti-glycation activity of eight Moroccan honeys from different botanical origins

Eight monofloral honey samples from different botanical and geographical origins in the central and eastern parts of Morocco were examined for their phenolic composition, capacity to scavenge free radicals, and ability to inhibit advanced glycation end–products. According to the melissopalynological analysis, the examined honey samples were considered to be natural honeys, and were classified as monofloral with very frequent pollen grains characteristic of each types of the selected Moroccan honey samples: Zantaz (Bupleurum sp.), fennel, thistle, eucalyptus, spurge, thyme, jujube, and carob. Our results showed that the average moisture content varied from 16.3 ± 0.1% to 19.9 ± 0.1%, and the mean color intensity ranged from 30.94 ± 7.42 to 166.9 ± 6.43 mm Pfund. The highest total phenolic content recorded was 163.83 ± 1.84 mg of gallic acid equivalent per kg, while the highest flavonoid content was 84.44 ± 1.20 mg of catechin equivalent per kg. Zantaz honey exhibited potent antioxidant capacity, as demonstrated by ABTS, DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, FRAP, and ORAC assays. The most significant results were obtained for the ORAC test, with the highest ORAC value of 4.65 mM Trolox equivalent per gram was recorded for Zantaz honey extract. HPLC–DAD analysis revealed different polyphenolic profiles, which can be attributed to differences in floral origin. Furthermore, our study revealed that the extracts of thistle honey, fennel honey, and Zantaz honey were the most effective glycation inhibitors, with the highest inhibition percentage of 96% obtained for the thistle honey extract.

Evaluation of the Shelf life of Ready-to-Eat Fresh Bamboo Sprouts (Phyllostachys edulis) Packaged in a Modified Atmosphere or Vacuum: A Comparative Study.

During the last decades, the consumption of bamboo sprouts (Phyllostacys edulis) has increased because they are considered a "superfood". However, this product is characterized by a short shelf life due to the deterioration in quality parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of two modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) systems (MAP1: 2% O2, 5% CO2, 93% N2 and MAP2: 3% O2, 7% CO2, 90% N2) to fresh-shelled ready-to-eat bamboo sprouts and compare these packaging systems with vacuum packaging during storage for 28 days at 4 °C using heat-sealable polyamide and polyethylene (PA/PE) trays. Several chemical-physical parameters (moisture content, water activity, pH, headspace composition, and firmness) were monitored, as well as CIELab colorimetric parameters and microbial growth. The quantification of selected organic acids was performed via UHPLC. Mathematical kinetic models were applied to study the evolution of total phenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and carotenoid content (TCC) during storage. The evolution of antioxidant potential investigated by ABTS, DPPH, and β-carotene bleaching tests was also assessed. Results showed that at the end of the storage period, significant variations in the colorimetric parameters are detectable between the sprouts apical portion and the basal one, regardless of both applied MAPs. A linear reduction in both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was evidenced during storage, regardless of the type of packaging applied. In DPPH test samples packaged in MAP after 28 days of storage, they retain good antioxidant activity, whereas in vacuum, this activity is reduced by 50% compared to the initial value (IC50 values from 24.77 to 32.74 μg/mL and from 24.77 to 71.12 μg/mL for MAP2 and vacuum, respectively).

First investigation of the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and larvicidal activities of the essential oil of the subspecies Ononis angustissima Lam. subsp. filifolia Murb.

This study is the first to explore the essential oil of Ononis angustissima Lam. subsp. filifolia Murb., a subspecies growing in the Algerian northeastern Sahara. The chemical composition was evaluated by GC/GC-EIMS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using two methods. Thirty-four (91.6%) individual components were identified. The main constituents were linalool (12.6%), hexahydrofarnesylacetone (8.4%), β-eudesmol (6.6%), α-cadinol (6.4%) and T-cadinol (6.1%). The findings provide a chemical basis for understanding relationships between North African subspecies, supporting botanical and genetic classification. The oil exhibited moderate scavenging activity against DPPH radicals (IC50 = 102.30 µg/ml) and high activity in the β-carotene bleaching assay (91.346%). Antimicrobial tests revealed effectiveness against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and ATCC 43300), limited impact on Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922), and good inhibition against Aspergillus niger and Scedosporium apiospermum. A notable larvicidal activity was observed against Date Moth, particularly on L2 larvae.

The chemical composition, in vitro, and in silico studies of Lavandula mairei essential oil

Lavandula mairei is an aromatic, and medicinal plant endemic to Morocco, mainly found in the southeastern region of the Kingdom, and used in traditional medicine for its many benefits. The purpose of the study was to identify the chemical composition of Lavandula mairei essential oil using Gas Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry, to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the plant against bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli ESBL, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603), and two fungal strains (Aspergillus niger ATCC 10231, Candida albicans ATCC 16404) in order to measure the microbial growth inhibition zone diameter, and to determine the minimum inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentration of the essential oil (MIC, MBC, and MFC). Concerning antioxidant activity, six assays (6DPPH, and 1ABTS Free Radical Scavenging Assay, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Hydroxyl Radical, Reducing Power, and β-Carotene Bleaching Inhibition) were performed to determine the antioxidant potential of the essential oil. For the in silico aspect, molecular docking studies were performed to explore the potential interactions of some compounds with five microbial targets (i) Dihydropteroate synthase (1AJ0), ii) The elongation factor EF-Tu (1OB2), iii) d-alanine ligase (2I80), iv) DNA gyrase (2XCT), v) The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (5V5Z), and 2ADMET prediction analysis was completed on a compound designated as dehydroabietinol. Carvacrol was identified as the major compound (36.38%) by analysis of the chemical composition, E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC = 1.87 mg/mL ± 0.00, MBC = 15.00 mg/mL ± 0.00), and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 0.23 mg/mL ± 0.00, MBC = 5.53 mg/mL ± 2.77) were the most sensitive to the antibacterial treatment, and Candida albicans was resistant to the essential oil. The highest antioxidant potential of the plant was observed in the β-carotene bleaching inhibition test (IC50 = 1.55 mg/mL ± 0.009 and 90 % of inhibition). In the in silico study, the compound dehydroabietinol provided relevant evidence for molecular docking, and this was confirmed by the ADMET prediction analysis. The results of the study were significant, and further experiments will be necessary to find out more about the biological properties of Lavandula mairei.

Polysaccharide from Thymelaea hirsuta L. leaves: Structural characterization, functional properties and antioxidant evaluation

In this study, we successfully extracted a new polysaccharide from Thymelaea hirsuta L., which we named THP, with a yield of 13.94 % through aqueous extraction. The polysaccharide comprises 46.83 % neutral sugars and 7.08 % uronic acids. This heteropolysaccharide contains glucose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose with relative molar ratios of 29.68: 25.73: 21.31: 13.47 and 9.8, respectively. Analysis of glycosylation positions via methylation and structural features using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy revealed that THP has a repeating unit (1 → 3 and 1 → 4)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl backbone, with the d-glucopyranosyl residue as the branch point at O-6. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination showed ellipsoidal granules with smooth surface. This polysaccharide also has good foaming capacity and emulsion stability, and a water holding capacity of 1.81 g/g. The THP dispersion at 1 % showed shear thinning behavior, demonstrating that it is a promising natural additive in various food formulations. The polysaccharide also demonstrated significant antioxidant properties, with a total antioxidant capacity of 315 mg α-tocopherol equivalents/g and an IC50 value of 8.01 mg/mL using the β-carotene bleaching method, surpassing those of synthetic antioxidants. Additionally, when added at a concentration of 0.13 % to an oil/water emulsion system, THP effectively delayed lipid oxidation during storage at 37 °C. The kinetic study of THP-stabilized oil/water emulsion is anticipated to provide valuable insights for its future applications in food and pharmaceutical emulsions.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of plants consumed by western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon.

Zoopharmacognosy is the study of the self-medication behaviors of non-human animals that use plant, animal or soil items as remedies. Recent studies have shown that some of the plants employed by animals may also be used for the same therapeutic purposes in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Ceiba pentandra, Myrianthus arboreus, Ficus subspecies (ssp.) and Milicia excelsa bark crude extracts (BCE), plants consumed by western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (MDNP) and used in traditional medicine, and then to characterize their phytochemical compounds. DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl), phosphomolybdenum complex and β-carotene bleaching methods were used to assess antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the diffusion method, while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed using the microdilution method. The highest level of total phenolics was found in Myrianthus arboreus aqueous extract [385.83 ± 3.99 mg [gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g]. Total flavonoid (134.46 ± 3.39) mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g of extract] were highest in Milicia excelsa, tannin [(272.44 ± 3.39) mg tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/100 g of extract] in Myrianthus arboreus and proanthocyanidin [(404.33 ± 3.39) mg apple procyanidins equivalent (APE)/100 g of extract] in Ceiba pentandra. Ficus ssp. (IC50 1.34 ±3.36 μg/mL; AAI 18.57 ± 0.203) ethanolic BCE and Milicia excelsa (IC50 2.07 ± 3.37 μg/mL; AAI 12.03 ± 0.711) showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Myrianthus arboreus ethanolic BCE (73.25 ± 5.29) and Milicia excelsa aqueous BCE (38.67 ± 0.27) showed the strongest percentage of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Ceiba pentandra ethanolic BCE (152.06 ± 19.11 mg AAE/g) and Ficus ssp aqueous BCE (124.33 ± 39.05 mg AAE/g) showed strongest relative antioxidant activity (RAA). The plant BCE showed antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli (DECs) isolates, with MICs varying from 1.56 to 50 mg/mL and inhibition diameters ranging from 7.34 ± 0.57 to 13.67 ± 0.57mm. Several families of compounds were found, including total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and proanthocyanidins were found in the plant BCEs. The plant BCEs showed antioxidant activities with free radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities against 10 MDR E. coli (DECs) isolates, and could be a promising novel source for new drug discovery.

Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Plantago ovata ethanolic extract in rats.

This study aimed to determine the antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk) seed ethanolic extract in rats. We assessed the antioxidant potential using free radical scavenging on DPPH, β-carotene bleaching activity, ferric reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. In the antiulcerogenic study, pre-treatment with Plantago ovata seeds ethanolic extract (POE) (400 mg/kg b.wt) significantly protected against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by decreasing the ulcer index value and preserving the integrity of the gastric mucosa. The oxidative stress status in the stomach tissues showed a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase with a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation during pre-treatment with POE. In conclusion, the POE protects against gastric ulcer due to its antioxidant potential and presence of bioactive molecules.

Coriandrum sativum L., essential oil as a promising source of bioactive compounds with GC/MS, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities: in vitro and in silico predictions.

Introduction: Coriandrum sativum L. essential oil (CS-EO) is being evaluated in vitro for its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and its volatile compounds are to be identified as part of this exploratory study. Methods: The processes underlying the in vitro biological properties were explained using in silico simulations, including drug-likeness prediction, molecular docking, and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity-ADMET). Chemical screening of CS-EO was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five in vitro complementary techniques were used to assess the antioxidant activity of CS-EO: reducing power (RP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, β-Carotene bleaching test (BCBT), and phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC). Results: According to GC-MS analysis, linalool (59.04%), γ-Terpinene (13.02%), and α-Pinene (6.83%) are the main constituents of CS-EO. Based on the in vitro antioxidant assay results, CS-EO has been found to have a superior antioxidant profile. Its estimated scavenging rates for ABTS+ are 0.51 ± 0.04mg/mL, BCBT is 9.02 ± 0.01mg/mL, and CS-EO is 1.52 ± 0.14mg/mL. C. sativum demonstrated 6.13 ± 0.00μg/mL for reducing power and 213.44 ± 0.45mg AAE/mL for total antioxidant activity. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of CS-EO was assessed against five strains, including two gram-positive bacteria, two gram-negative bacteria, and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). Significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against all strains were found using the disc-diffusion assay, with zones of inhibition larger than 15mm. The microdilution test highlighted the lowest MIC and MBC values with gram-positive bacteria, ranging from 0.0612 to 0.125% v/v for MIC and 0.125% v/v for MBC. The fungal strain's MFC was 1.0% v/v and its MIC was measured at 0.5%. Based on the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios, CS-EO exhibits bactericidal and fungicidal activity. The ADMET study indicates that the primary CS-EO compounds are good candidates for the development of pharmaceutical drugs due to their favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Conclusion: These results point to a potential application of this plant as a natural remedy and offer empirical backing for its traditional uses. It is a promising environmentally friendly preservative that can be used extensively in the food and agricultural industries to prevent aflatoxin contamination and fungal growth in stored goods.

GC-MS Profiling and Pharmacological Potential of Physconia venusta (Ach.) Poelt.

Lichens are complex symbiotic organisms that generate various bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic value. We investigated the chemical composition and bioactivity of the acetone extract of the Algerian lichen Physconia venusta (Ach.) poet. Phytochemical screening was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis using an agar diffusion test with the determination of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), while the antioxidant activity was determined using different chemical methods (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and metal chelate). In addition, cytotoxic activity was tested using Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) bioassay. The studied extract exhibited intense antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with inhibition diameters of 28 ± 0.01 and 22 ± 0.01 mm, respectively, with a MIC value of 6.25 mg/mL and a selectivity index of 2.8. The obtained extract showed different antioxidant trends depending on the selected assay. GC-MS analysis revealed many secondary metabolites. P. venusta, a type of lichen, is a potential source of bioactive substances that could be used in pharmaceuticals.

Chemical profile, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of essential oils of an endemic Algerian species: Abies numidica. De Lannoy ex Carrière

ABSTRACT The essential oils (EOs) from needles, twigs and cones of Abies numidica, an endemic tree from Algeria, were analysed by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). Fifty, forty-nine, and thirty-eight components from needles, twigs and cones were identified accounting for 86.0%, 93.5% and 93.8% of the total EO, respectively. EOs were mainly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (46.3%-86.0%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (2.6%-33.6-%). The antioxidant activity was determined using five tests: ABTS, β-Carotene bleaching, DPPH, FRAP and phosphomolybdenum. Cholinesterase inhibition potential of EOs was also evaluated. EO of cones was found to have the highest antioxidant activity for most of the tests performed. All EOs exhibited better antiacetylcholinesterase (AChE) than antibutyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities at various rates. The most potent AChE inhibition was observed for twigs EO (IC50 = 2.73 g/mL), followed by needles (IC50 = 4.09 µg/mL) while cones’ EO showed least potential (IC50 = 13.64 µg/mL).

The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity effect of ethyl acetate extract from the flowers of Syringa pubescens Turcz

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSyringa Pubescens Turcz. (SP), a member of the Oleaceae family, is a species of plant known as Syringa. Flowers, as the medicinal part, are commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis and tonsillitis.Aim of the study: The research was the first to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of different parts of SP flowers (SPF) in vitro. The most promising fraction was ethyl acetate fraction of SP flower (SPFEA). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of SPFEA were further studied, and the chemical components were identified. MethodsHPLC was used to identify the major components in various fraction of SPF. DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging assays as well as FRAP test and β-carotene bleaching test were employed to assess the antioxidant potential of SPF fraction in vitro. The inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and heat-induced protein denaturation test were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of SPF fraction. Further analysis of the biological activity of SPFEA was performed. Acute toxicity test was conducted to assess the toxicity of SPFEA. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by utilizing xylene induced ear edema model, carrageenan-induced foot edema model and peritonitis model in vivo. The analgesic effect of SPFEA was evaluated using hot plate test, tail immersion test, formaldehyde test as well as acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing pain experiment in vivo. In carrageenan induced foot edema model, ELISA kits were employed to measure levels of inflammation factors (NO, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, IL-1β) in foot tissue as well as MDA, CAT, SOD, GSH-PX levels in liver tissue. ResultsHPLC results showed that there were significant differences in bioactive substances among different fractions of SPF, and SPFEA was rich in bioacitve components. Compared with other fractions of SPF, SPFEA exhibited better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. The 3000 mg/kg SPFEA group in mice had no obvious side effects. The xylene-induced ear edema model, carrageenan-induced foot edema and peritonitis models demonstrated that the SPFEA had significant anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, inflammation factors including NO, TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, IL-1β were significantly reduced in SPFEA groups in foot tissue induced by carrageenan. Additionally, SPFEA effectively decreased liver tissue oxidative stress levels (MDA, SOD, GSH-PX and CAT). The bioactivities of SPFEA demonstrated a clear dose-dependent relationship. The results of the hot plate test, tail immersion test, formaldehyde test and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing pain experiments indicated the SPFEA possessed an excellent analgesic effect, and this effect was in dose-dependent manner. ConclusionThe study provides a scientific foundation for understanding the pharmacological action of SPFEA. It has been indicated that SPFEA has excellent antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antifungal Activities of Ethyl Acetate and Chloroformic Extracts from Three Mentha Species

Background Phytopathogenic fungi remain the main infectious agents in plants, causing severe damage to the environment and human health. Thus, to reduce the usage of synthetically derived fungicides and perform agricultural crop production, the search for new control strategies including plant extracts constitutes an eco-friendly and safe alternative. Objectives This study aimed to quantify the phytochemical constituents of the three plant ( Mentha pulegium L., Mentha spicata L., and Mentha longifolia L.) extracts and to screen their phytochemical composition including total phenolic (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and condensed tannins contents (TCTC), and to evaluate their antioxidant activities. The efficacy of all mint extracts will be investigated against phytopathogenic fungal species. Materials and Methods The three plant extracts were screened to assess their total phenolic, flavonoids, and condensed tannin contents using spectrophotometric assays. The antioxidant activities include 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene assays. The antifungal activities were investigated on phytopathogenic species including Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Trichoderma sp. Results Quantitative analyses of phytochemical constituents of Mentha genus extracts revealed that both ethyl acetate (EtAc) and chloroformic (Chl) extracts are a rich source of phenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Ethyl acetate extract of M. longifolia (EtAc L) displayed the highest content of phenols (69.9 ± 1.35 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (53.26 ± 2.11 mg CE/g DW), while M. pulegium ethyl acetate extract (EtAc P) has the highest condensed tannins content (2.13 ± 0.4 mg CE/g DW). Moreover, the tested extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activities at low concentrations for EtAc L, followed by M. spicata (EtAc S), and EtAc P (IC50 = 35.76 ± 1.32 µg/mL for scavenging DPPH free radicals; EC50 527.96 ± 5.45 µg/mL for FRAP, and IC50 = 106.3 ± 3.75 µg/mL for β-carotene bleaching test). Finally, all tested extracts were able to inhibit the growth of several phytopathogenic micro-organisms on both agar and broth media. Conclusion The Mentha extracts derived from the three mint species (i.e., L, P, and S) could be used for their antifungal activities to provide sustainable crop pest management.

Waste to health: Green synthesis of Zn loaded LTA zeolite prepared from waste glass and aluminum scrap with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and the antioxidant activities of low cost ZnO@Zn-ZF2 zeolite. The carrier was Na-LTA type zeolite prepared from waste glass and aluminum scraps by alkaline fusion at 550 °C using NaOH as mineralizer followed by hydrothermal crystallization at 60 °C for 6 days. Three samples of ZnO@Zn-ZF2 were prepared with different amount of zinc (2, 4 and 6 wt%). The antioxidant activities of ZnO@Zn-ZF2 zeolite were evaluated by different methods, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method, reducing power and β-carotene bleaching assay. All particles showed interesting antioxidant activities. Further, the prepared samples exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against Gram- and Gram + bacteria. The obtained results showed that 6ZnO@Zn-ZF2 zeolite had the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Micrococcus luteus, which can be attributed to the good dispersion of ZnO particles on the zeolite surface.