Β-alanine Betaine Research Articles

Characterization and quantitative estimation of quaternary ammonium compounds in marine demosponges

1. 1. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC's) from the marine sponge Geodia macandrewii were isolated and purified as triiodide complexes. 2. 2. The QAC's were identified in the mixture by 1H-NMR and FAB-MS. 3. 3. The extract contains glycine betaine, β-alanine betaine, γ-aminobutyric acid betaine, and tetramethylammonium ion in the molar ratio 30%:35%:30%:5%, respectively. 4. 4. The QAC profiles of G. baretti, G. sp., Isops phlegraei, and Stryphnus ponderosus were also elucidated.

Occurrence of .BETA.-alanine betaine in the muscles of New Zealand whiptail and southern blue whiting.

β-Alanine betaine (β-homobetaine) was is isolated in crystalline form from the white muscles of two species of fish, New Zealand whiptail Macruronus novaezelandidae and southern blue whiting Micromesistius australis, and identified on the basis of comparison of melting point, Rf values in TLC, IR and mass spectra with the synthetic specimen. It was not detected, however, in the muscles of cod, New Zealand hake, flatfish, big-eye tuna, and jack mackerel. These results may indicate that the distribution of β-alanine betaine in fish is limited.

Quaternary ammonium bases in the adductor muscle of fan-mussel.

The ethanolic extract of the adductor muscle of fan-mussel, Atrina pectinata, was fractionated on Dowex 50W-X12 column. Of 19 Dragendorff-positive substances detected, 10 quaternary ammonium bases were isolated and identifted as atrinine, carnitine, β-alanine betaine, glycine betaine, choline, γ-butyrobetaine, trimethylamine oxide, setachydrine, homarine, and trigonelline by comparing mp, IR, UV, MS, and behaviors in TLC with those of the authentic compounds.

Determination of .BETA.-alanine betaine and glycine betaine in some marine invertebrates.

A method for the determination of β-alanine betaine and glycine betaine is described. It is based on an ion-exchange chromatographic separation with a Dowex 50-X12 column and subsequent colorimetric determination of both betaines as reineckate. The recovery was satisfactory, ranging from 97 to 100%. In 7 species of mollusc and 2 species of crustacean estimated by this method, β-alanine betaine was found at a fairly high concentration in the fan-mussel, scallop, and krill and at a very low concentration in the oyster. It was not, however, found in the abalone, hard clam, squid, octopus, or prawn. All of these inverte-brates were rich in glycine betaine. In the tissues of fan-mussel and scallop, glycine betaine was found to be omnipresent at a fairly high level, whereas β-alanine betaine localized in the adductor muscle.

タイラギ閉殻筋に β-alanine betaine の存在

タイラギ閉殻筋に β-alanine betaine の存在