Azyumardi Azra Research Articles

BRAINWASHING SCHEMES AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH RADICAL POTENTIAL THROUGH STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

This study aims to examine the psychological aspects of brainwashing schemes among adolescents with radical potential within student organizations at University X. Adolescence is a period of contradictions, where psychological stability is often fragile, and emotions can be difficult to control. This instability can lead to behaviors that undermine national unity, as evidenced by the growing tendency of youth toward religious radicalism. According to data from Babel Review (2019), based on a 2017 survey by the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT), the Bangka Belitung Islands Province ranks fifth nationally in radicalism potential within educational settings. The rise of religious radicalism is often rooted in fragmented religious understanding, misinterpretation of religious texts, and political and economic deprivation, as noted by Azyumardi Azra. This study employs a qualitative methodology to explore the internal cadre training processes within radical organizations, particularly focusing on the brainwashing techniques used in recruiting new members. The findings reveal that these brainwashing practices are systematically and structurally implemented within such organizations, posing a serious threat to social harmony and national unity. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the radicalization process among adolescents and provides insights into more effective preventive strategies through educational and psychological interventions.

Azyumardi Azra's Middle-Path Islamic Politics: Anti-Violence and Democratization of Indonesia

Abstract. The phenomenon of violence in democratic countries such as Indonesia introduced a new angle in contextualizing modern Islamic political thought. The argument of mainstreaming fasad (violence or conflict) and islah (reconciliation) embedded in Islamic political thought preached by Azyumardi Azra as a part of the moderate Islam project (Islam wasathiyah) is considered a democratization process. This article seeks to examine Azyumardi Azra's thoughts in interpreting the concept of moderate Islam in the context of Indonesia's democratization, particularly regarding non-violence and social harmony. This article uses an interdisciplinary approach combining the interpretation of Islamic political thought, Middle-path political theory, and democratization analysis. It examines the Islamic revitalization formulating an anti-violence stance mainstreamed by Azyumardi that mediates the absolutist dogmatic beliefs and extremist political streams inciting violence. Finally, this article demonstrates how political thought embedded in Islam mainstreamed by Azyumardi benefits to strengthening democratization in Indonesia, moving away from violence.Keywords: Democratization, Middle-path Politics, Anti-violence, Revitalization of Islam, Wasatiyyah Islam.Abstrak. Kajian ini berfokus pada diskusi tentang pemikiran Azyumardi Azra dalam memaknai politik Islam jalan tengah (Islam wasathiyah) dalam upaya demokratisasi Indonesia, khususnya mengenai antikekerasan dan harmonisasi sosial. Dengan pendekatan Islam jalan tengah, ia berupaya mencari cara efektif mengatasi praksis kekerasan di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan merujuk pada data-data primer melalui esai-esai dan buku-buku Azyumardi. Penelitian ini berhasil menganalisis pemikiran Azyumardi dalam merumuskan sikap antikekerasan sebagai gagasan revitalisasi Islam dengan menengahi keyakinan dogmatis absolut dan praksis politik ekstrem yang mendelegitimasi kekuasaan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan, revitalisasi Islam yang dikemukakan Azyumardi merupakan cara efektif untuk mengatasi terjadinya kekerasan sebagai problematika demokrasi di Indonesia, kini dan di masa-masa mendatang. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat berkonstribusi bagi penguatan demokratisasi di Indonesia, yang jauh dari kekerasan.Kata Kunci: Politik jalan tengah, Islam wasathiyah, demokratisasi, revitalisasi Islam, antikekerasan.

Reviewing The Core Values of State Civil Apparatus in Indonesia: Perspectives on Islamic Multiculturalism

The phenomenon of problem of state civil service performance in Indonesia is a serious concern for the government in overcoming it. In this context, the government through the Circular Letter of the State Civil Service Agency has formulated the Core Values of the State Civil Apparatus. Through a normative-philosophical approach, this qualitative study aims to identify the values of multicultural Islamic education in the Core Values of the State Civil Apparatus in Indonesia. The value of multicultural Islamic education formulated by Azyumardi Azra is used as a theory of analysis. This study found the dimensions of Islamic multicultural Islamic education values in the Core Values of the State Civil Apparatus, among others, the value of tasamuh in Core Values in the form of harmony, wasathiyah values in Core Values in the form of collaborative and accountable service-oriented values, humanity values in Core Values in the form of competent and adaptive values, and peace values in Core Values in the form of loyal values. The theoretical implications of the findings of this study confirm that multicultural Islamic values can be synergistic with ethical values in building.

Ulama and Knowledge in Modern Aceh: Abu Teupin Raya on Religious Sciences

Abstract: This article examines the intellectual tradition of Abu Teupin Raya in Aceh. The researcher utilizes the theories of Martin van Bruinessen, Zamaksyari Dhofier, and Azyumardi Azra on pesantren and the tradition of yellow books (kitab kuning), as well as the theory of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas on the classification of knowledge. This study is a literature review with a historical approach. Primary data, including the writings of Abu Teupin Raya and various biographical notes, are analysed using content analysis methods. The study argues that Abu Teupin Raya is an Acehnese scholar who successfully transmitted traditional Islam as found in yellow books written by several scholars of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah and Shāfi‘i schools. Additionally, he expanded the treasury of traditional Islam by composing his own books, some of which were written in Malay using Arabic script. Abu Teupin Raya is a traditionalist scholar who preserved elements of traditional Islam and actively safeguarded religious knowledge through teaching and writing yellow books during the Aceh conflict. This study contributes to the study of Islam in Aceh. Keywords: ulama, Aceh, religious sciences, dayah, intellectual networks

Multikulturalisme Islam Dalam Kebijakan Pemerintah Terhadap Orientasi Pesantren di Indonesia

This qualitative study with a normative-philosophical approach intends to identify and explore multicultural Islamic values contained in the orientation of Pesantren implementation in Indonesia. The primary data of this study uses the document text of Law No.18 of 2019 concerning Pesantren. Various multicultural Islamic values conceptualized by Azyumardi Azra are used as the basis for perspective in the analysis of the subject matter of this study. The study data was collected through documentation techniques. Meanwhile, data analysis includes the stages of reduction, presentation, and verification. This study concludes that there is a content of multicultural Islamic values in the policies of the Government of Indonesia related to the orientation of the implementation of Islamic boarding schools, including the value of humanism in the orientation of personal formation of Muslims who value religion and humanity. Then, the value of tasamuh, and wasatiyyah in the orientation of the personal formation of Muslims who maintain religious harmony. Furthermore, the value of peace in the personal formation of Muslims that maintain the integration of the nation and state. The theoretical implications of this study affirm that multicultural Islamic values can be disseminated in the regulation of laws and regulations in Indonesia. Limitations have not yet been This study has not identified various forms of obstacles or challenges in the implementation of the Pesantren Law in Indonesia.

Mandailing Ulama in Modern Malaysia: The Intellectual Network and Works of Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Mandīlī

Abstract: This article examines the intellectual network and manuscript legacy of Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Mandīlī, a scholar from South Tapanuli, Indonesia, who dedicated his knowledge abroad in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. The study employs a literature review approach with a historical perspective. Primary sources for this research consist of all works authored by the scholar, written entirely in Malay with Arabic script. The study demonstrates his dissemination of reformist ideas through religious education in both Malaysia and the Haramain, alongside the composition of numerous yellow books (kitab kuning). He fostered relationships with various scholars and attracted numerous students in both the Haramain and Malaysia. All his scholars are prominent figures in the Shāfi‘ī and Ash‘ari schools. Additionally, he propagated neo-Sufism by harmonizing between Shariah and Sufism. This study further corroborates Azyumardi Azra's theory on the network of scholars. Keywords: ulama, Mandailing, Malaysia, intellectual networks, Islamic manuscripts

Modernisasi Pendidikan Islam dan Pendidkan Islam Humanis dalam Pandangan Azyumardi Azra dan Tolhah Hasan

The strengthening of educational patterns that deviate from the great goals of Islamic religious education means that the thinking of two figures, Azyumardi Azra and Tholhah, needs to be reviewed. This article examines the modernist thoughts of PAI and Humanist PAI from the views of these two figures using a library research approach. The results of this research show that the modernization of PAI starts from Islamic educational institutions such as madrasas and Islamic boarding schools, how Islamic boarding schools can create human resources (HR) for the younger generation who are superior not only cognitively but also affectively and psychomotorically but in accordance with the characteristics and subculture of the Islamic boarding school, namely mastery of religious knowledge. The modernity of Islamic boarding schools also discusses religious knowledge and technological science. Azra places Islamic boarding schools as Islamic educational institutions that remain sub-cultural, but also the knowledge taught at Islamic boarding schools is integrative with the advances of the times, namely science and technology. In Tholhah's view, the weakness of Islamic education, which tends to be dichotomous regarding the issue of humanism, is that it is weak economically and in terms of solidarity, which means that human morals are weak to have integrity in maintaining the values ​​of humanism, which should be a concern. For Tholhah, the big goal of education is to save nature, develop nature's potential, and harmonize nature's journey. Humanity or humanism for Tholhah is nature itself and everything related to humanism is part of what must be considered in Islamic education, including thoughts about modernism in Islamic education.

Challenges of Islamic Education Institutions in the era of Globalization: A Review of Azyumardi Azra’s Ideas

التَرْبِيَةُ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةُ الْإِنْدُوْنِيْسِيَّة هِيَ تُرَاثٌ غَنِيٌّ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ الْإِنْدُوْنِيْسِيْ، مِنْ حَيْثُ تَنَوُّعِ التَّرْبِيَةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ، إِنَّ إِنْدُوْنِيْسِيَا غَنِيٌّ جِدًّا، مِنْ حَيْثُ الْمَدَارِسِ الدَّاخِلِيَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ، وَالْمَعْهَدِ الْإِسْلَامِي، وَسُوْرَاوْ، وَدَايَةِ: الْكُلِّيَّةِ وَالْمَدَارِسِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ. الْيَوْمُ، الْمُشْكِلَةُ الَّتِي تُوَاجِهُ التَّرْبِيَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةُ هِيَ ظُهُوْرُ حَرَكَةِ الْأُصُوْلِيَّةِ الدِّيْنِيَّةِ بِسَبَبِ الْعَوْلَمَةِ، وَالْمَوَارِدُ الْبَشَرِيَّةُ، وَالدِّرَاسَاتُ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةً النَّصِّيِّةُ، وَالْمِيْزَانِيَّةُ الْحُكُوْمِيَّةُ الْمَالِيَّةُ لِلتَّرْبيَةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ الَّتِي لَمْ تَكُنْ الْأَمْثَلَ. هَذَا الْبَحْثُ بَحْثٌ نَوْعِيٌ، أَوْ(دِرَاسَةٌ أَدَبِيَّةٌ أَوْ مَكْتَبِيَّةٌ). يَنْتَجُّ الْمَنْهَجُ النَّوْعِيُّ الْمُسْتَخْدَمُ بَيَانَاتٍ وَصْفِيَّةٍ يَتِمُّ تَحْلِيْلُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِأَفْكَارِ أزيوماردي أزرا فِي مَجَالِ التَّرْبِيَةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ الْإِنْدُوْنِيْسِيَّةِ. فِي تَحْرِيْرِ أَغْلَالِ التَرْبِيَةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ الْإِنْدُوْنِيْسِيَّةِ، يُوَفِّرُ هَذَا الْبَحْثُ بَدِيْلاً مِنْ خِلَالِ أَفْكَارِ أزيوماردي أزرا فِيْمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِالتَرْبِيَةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ الْإِنْدُوْنِيْسِيَّةِ الَّتِي تَتَّسِمُ بِالتَّقَدُّمِ لِلْغَايَةِ بِ(1) التَّعَلُّمِ التَّحْوِيْلِي، (2) نَمُوْذَجِ التَّعَلُّمِ فِي الْعَصْرِ الْعَوْلَمَةِ، (3) التَرْبِيَةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ وَ تَنْمِيَةِ الْمَوَارِدِ الْبَشَرِيَّةِ فِي هَذَا الْعَصْرِ اْلعَوْلَمَةِ، وَ (4) تَحْدِيْثِ التَّرْبِيَّةِ فِي إِنْدُوْنِيْسِيَا. نَتَائِجُ هَذِهِ الدِّرَاسَةِ هِيَ وُجُوْدُ الْوَسَطِيَّةِ الدِّيْنِيَّةِ فِي مَجَالِ التَّرْبِيَّةِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ وَالَّتِي تَتَجَلَّى مِنْ خِلَالِ تَطْبِيْقِ مَبَادِئِ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ، وَالتَوْصِيَاتُ لِمَنْهَجِ الدِرَاسَاتِ الْمُتَعَدِّدَةِ التَّخَصُّصَاتِ، وَالْمُتَعَدِّدَةِ، وَالسِيَاقِيَّةِ لِلدِرَاسَاتِ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةِ وَالْعُلُوْمِ الْإِنْسَانِيَّةِ.

Multicultural Islamic Education in the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council on Digital Da'wah Ethics

Exclusive, intolerant, and radical da'wah content on various social media platforms is a challenge for Islamic da'wah in today's digital era. This qualitative study through a normative-philosophical approach aims to identify and explore the dimensions of multicultural Islamic education values in the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council of East Java Province Number. 06 of 2022 concerning Da'wah Ethics in the Digital Era. The theory of multicultural Islamic education conceptualized by Azyumardi Azra becomes the theory of analysis of the subject matter of this study. Data analysis through reduction, presentation, and verification. This study shows the content of multicultural Islamic education values in legal provisions related to da'wah ethics in the dital room in the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council of East Java Province, including the value of humanism education in the prohibition of the delivery of da'wah content that spreads hatred and insults even for the reason of amar makruf nahi munkar. Then, the value of tasamuh education in the recommendation of delivering pluralist da'wah content, which is able to respect Islamic beliefs that are still being debated. Furthermore, the value of peace education in advocating the delivery of nationalist da'wah content. Next, the value of wasatiyah education in recommending the delivery of da'wah content that maintains public conduciveness and stability. The theoretical implications of this study affirm that the mainstreaming of multicultural Islamic educational values can be internalized through religious social fatwas in Indonesia, as well as fatwas related to da'wah ethics in the digital space.

MODERNISASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AZYUMARDI AZRA DALAM BUKU PENDIDIKAN ISLAM TRADISI DAN MODERNISASI DI TENGAH TANTANGAN MILENIUM III

This research is a series of activities carried out systematically and planned to solve a problem. This type of research uses descriptive content analysis and text study with the character of library research (library research). In this research, the researcher discusses the Modernization of Islamic Education from Azyumardi Azra's Perspective in the Book of Traditional Islamic Education and Modernization in the Middle of Millennium III Challenges. According to Azyumardi Azra, education is based on self-devotion to Allah, which is useful for oneself, society and nature. The implementation of Islamic education thought was initiated by Azyumardi Azra who stated that Islamic education is not just a transfer of knowledge but also a system that is structured on the basis of a strong faith and in carrying out the goals of Islamic education must be aligned with the basics and characteristics ideally as well as a curriculum that is in accordance with the system. education

The Islamization in the Malay Archipelago: a Study of Azyumardi Azra's Thought

Indonesia, with over 231 million Muslim people, is home to the world's largest Muslim population. However, the origins of Islam in Indonesia and the process of Islamization in the Archipelago are still highly debated topics among historians. Azyumardi Azra, a distinguished historian, and former UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta rector, has extensively researched Islamization in the Archipelago. This journal serves the purpose of delving into Azra's scholarly perspective, offering insights and analysis on the intricate process of Islamization within Indonesia. The present study adopts a literature review approach to comprehend and analyze Azra's writings. Azra postulates that the Islamic connections with the Archipelago can be traced back to Arab countries via trade routes, which were notably influenced by the triumphant spread of Islam into Persia and the Indian Subcontinent during the Umayyad dynasty (660-749H). In conclusion, Azra held a firm perspective regarding the significant Arab influence during the initial phases of Islamization in the Archipelago.

Reconstructing Multicultural Islamic Education in Indonesia (Binoculars of Azyumardi Azra's Thought)

Multicultural education is a blessing in disguise for Indonesian pluralism because it promotes diversity and harmony in embroidery. The realization of human and democratic values in it leads to continuity in spreading social piety, universal wisdom, and civilized life. The purpose of this research is to see Aziumardi Azra's thoughts about multicultural education so that the clouds and cloudy skies of education can be opened. At the same time, this paper is dedicated to the extended family of Azyumardi Azra as a teacher of an intellectual multicultural nation. This research is a qualitative research, library research using a philosophical histories approach. The results of the study show that: 1) Azyumardi Azra views multicultural education as an awareness of the recognition and acceptance of diversity as a sunnatullah which should be a pillar of unity. He is so firm in his optimistic foundation to fight for equality, social justice, democracy, tolerance, inclusivity, equality, pluralism, and rule of law for Indonesian people; 2) The application of multicultural education to the history of the Indonesian nation needs to be raised again which was broken by monoculturalism; 3) Multicultural education is the main tool as a media meeting point for a multicultural world nation to prevent social chaos and escapism. 4) Indonesia with all its diversity is a good country because many of its meeting points are based on four foundations, namely Pancasila, NKRI, Unity in Diversity, and the 1945 Constitution. This research is optimistic to simplify the interaction or influence of multicultural values, Indonesian values, and Islamic values on forms of acceptance in Indonesian education

Lingkaran Keilmuan Ulama Pesantren Abad 17-18 (Analisis Buku Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah Dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad 17-18 Karya Prof. Azyumardi Azra )

Pesantren is a place where you can continue to seek knowledge. The knowledge in the pesantren is obtained from the ulama or kyai who take care of the pesantren. In terms of science, Pesantren has the most distinctive characteristics that distinguish it from other institutions, namely maintaining the tradition of continuity of scientific sanad. Sanad science is important, because the knowledge gained from this continuity has guaranteed authenticity. In this study, it will be discussed about the form of a network of Indonesian and middle eastern scholars by analyzing a book by prof. Azyumardi Azra with the title network of scholars in the Middle East and archipelago. This research is descriptive, because there is no calculation element and is more concerned with the content. With the following findings, the science of islamic boarding school scholars in the archipelago is centered on a network of scholars in the Middle East. The Nusantara scholars studied in Mecca and Medina or commonly called Haramain. The main purpose of scholars coming to Haramain is to perform the hajj and study, but there are some scholars who study until they settle down and build a place there. In haramain they don't just deal with one cleric. After completing their studies, the scholars returned to their respective homelands with what had been obtained in Haramain. The network of scholars grew as scholars retained their works, and these works were not just for their own enjoyment. However, it spreads senusantara.
 Keywords: Ulama Network, Scientific Sanad

Light In The Dark Azyumardi Azra's Cotribution In Framing Novelty of Nusantara Islam

Azyumardi Azra significantly contributed to re-framing the Indonesian situation during his lifetime as a scholar. This article works on the literature review of the works of Azra. It aims to perform an analytical article that helps people comprehend that social reality lives in certain identity politics. Azra proposed to look at reality from the "Optimistic Perspective” that has become a distinguished perspective in looking at the present situation of Indonesian Islam. Using the social framing theory by Erving Goffman, this article contributes to performing the social life from a new perspective. In the Catholic perspective of interreligious dialogue, the work of Azyumardi Azra is in line with the contemporary efforts of Pope Francis. As an institution, a religion derives into a certain situation that emerges the complexity of its adherents’ way of thinking, however, certain influential figures build new social frameworks that enable people to have a distinctive way from the directed situation.

Dinamika Organisasi Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia

This study expects to decide the job of pesantren, association, and presence of advanced education in creating Islamic instructive establishments in Indonesia. In this review utilizing the writing concentrate on a technique that depends on bibliographic sources from articles in the most recent diaries and books connected with the items in the primary issue. The consequences of the conversation show that: Islamic live-in schools are the verifiable foundations of Islamic training in Indonesia, despite the fact that it has not been said that formal schooling was legal at its beginning. Notwithstanding, the elements of the advancement of Islamic life experience in schools got an unprecedented welcome locally. This occurred during the Majapahit time frame. The job of associations, for example, social religion, schooling, and da'wah like Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Al-Irsyad, Jamiyyatul Al-Washliyah, and others, Islamic Training started to foster quickly in a cutting edge and contemporary heading. Advanced education in Indonesia, both Islamic and private, has shown its presence and is quite possibly of the best arrangement in the genuine states of Islamic Schooling as expressed by Muslim specialists and researchers, for example, Azyumardi Azra, As-Syaibany, A. Malik Fajar, and Muhammad Tliolhah Hasan.

Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Azyumardi Azra dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi

Islamic education experiences obstacles in its implementation which is inversely proportional to the quantity of Muslims in Indonesia. To overcome these obstacles, people need to understand what kind of concept of Islamic education should be implemented in Indonesia. Various Islamic education figures have interesting views and thoughts on Islamic education, one of which is Azyumardi Azra. This study uses a qualitative approach which aims to analyze and describe the concept of Islamic education from Azyumardi Azra's perspective and its relevance to higher education. The type of research used is library research or research conducted by taking data from literature sources from previous studies. The research results obtained are: Islamic education is a process of forming individuals based on Islamic teachings that originate from the Al-Quran, As-Sunnah, the words of friends, the benefit of the people or social, traditions or customs of society, and the results of the thoughts of experts Islam or ijtihad. The purpose of Islamic education consists of "intermediate goals" and "final goals". The Islamic education curriculum is oriented towards fostering religious values ​​and mastery of science and technology. The relevance of Islamic educational thought and Azyumardi Azra's praxis can be seen and studied from his various works in developing tertiary institutions, namely: changing IAIN to UIN, developing faculties and study programs, developing infrastructure, changing and developing study and collaboration centers, and increasing welfare. lecturers and employees.

Flagship of Scholarship on Indonesian Islam: In Memoriam Azyumardi Azra (1955-2022)

Almost everybody who knew him is convinced that Azyumardi Azra, CBE has left us much too early. This Professor in History at the Faculty of Adab and Humaniora at the State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah in Jakarta passed away on 18 September 2022 in a hospital in Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Inna lillāhi wa inna ilaihi rāji‘un.Two days earlier, Professor Azra suffered from health issues while traveling by airplane to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He was not on his way for holiday purposes after travel restrictions had finally been lifted after the pandemic. Rather, he was invited by the Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) to speak at an international seminar about “Cosmopolitan Islam, Inspiring Awareness, Exploring the Future” at the Bangi Avenue Convention Centre (BACC), in Kajang, Malaysia.Azra was widely known as an extremely prolific Indonesian Muslim intellectual who was active in many scholarly forums in Indonesia and in the world at large. Some of his colleagues indeed saw him as a wandering intellectual much like Ibnu Batutah. He devoted most of his time and dedication to the study of Indonesian and Southeast Asian Islam and he was one of the most brilliant Islamic intellectuals of the century in this field.

Modernisasi Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia (Studi Komparasi Mahmud Yunus dan Azyumardi Azra)

One of the main aspects of human life is education. This cannot be separated from life, starting from the human being in the womb until returning to the creator. Seeing that there is still Islamic education that does not achieve its goals and does not keep up with the times, therefore the leaders of Islamic education immediately act to resolve this. Mahmud Yunus is an Islamic education figure who seeks to renew Islamic education. In addition, another character who made updates was Azyumardi Azra. Based on this, the researchers are interested in making comparisons or comparisons of the thoughts of the two figures. Researchers will make comparisons or comparisons specifically in terms of modernizing goals, curricula and educational institutions with the research title "Modernization of Islamic Education in Indonesia (Comparative Study of Mahmud Yunus and Azyumardi Azra)”The type of research used in this research is library research, which is the process of systematically searching and compiling data obtained from various literatures, both from primary and secondary sources.The results of research on the modernization of Islamic education are: 1) According to Mahmud Yunus, it is trying to integrate religious knowledge and general science in Islamic education. 2) Azyumardi Azra argues that the modernization of Islamic education must follow the current developments. 3) The similarity of thoughts between Mahmud Yunus and Azyumardi Azra is that they want a combination of religious knowledge and general science and must adapt to the demands of an increasingly advanced era. 4) The difference between Mahmud Yunus and Azyumardi Azra's thoughts lies in the groupings divided by each character.

POLA PEMBELAJARAN TAUHID DALAM PENGAMALAN TAREKAT TIJANIYAH DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-MUHAJIRIN KOBA- BANGKA TENGAH

The Tijaniyah Order is a unique and controversial order. Owned This tarekat is called the sanad bazakhiyah, because the lineage is directly from the founder to the Prophet Muhammad without intermediary friends or tabi'in. The founder of the Tijaniyah order was Sheikh Ahmad al-Tijani, he was born in 'Ainul Maadly (name of a Qariyah) in the city of Maghrabil Aqsa (Morocco) in 1150 H. At Ahmad Tijani's meeting with Sheikh Ahmad bin Abdullah al-Hindi, a Sheikh from India in Mecca at the age of 37, he then went to Medina and met Sheikh Muhammad al-Samman, the founder of the Sammaniyah order and from this, according to Azyumardi Azra in his research, that his meeting with Shaykh Samman greatly encouraged Ahmad Tijani to establish the Tijaniyah order. Related to this problem, it is necessary to investigate which in this study is about: “Tawhid Learning Patterns in the Practice of the Tijaniyah Order at Al-Muhajirin-Koba Islamic Boarding School, Bangka Belitung. Related to the problem of the Tijaniyah tarekat, namely: first, how is the pattern of learning monotheism at the Al-Muhjirin Islamic Boarding School in Koba-Bangka Belitung?. Second, how are the forms of amaliyah of the Tijaniyah Order at the Al-Muhajirin-Koba Islamic Boarding School, Bangka Belitung? This research uses descriptive qualitative research. This study aims to describe several things which include the process of entering the Tijaniyah order and the form of monotheism learning and practice in the Tijaniyah congregation, especially at the Al-Muhjirin Islamic Boarding School. From this research, several conclusions were drawn about: learning patterns to convey monotheism material taught at the Muhajirin Islamic Boarding School such as: “the bandongan system or wetonan system, and the sorogan system. But besides that it also uses the halaqah method, lectures, memorization, question and answer and example. Meanwhile, in the practice of the Tijaniyah congregation at the Al-Muhajirin Islamic Boarding School, through the practices or remembrance, namely: reading intentions, common wirid (morning and evening), namely: saying istighfar 100 times, reading the Prophet's prayers 100 times, reading "Laa ilaa hailallah as much as 100 times. Then wirid wazifah consists of: saying istighfar as much as 30 times, reading shalawat fatih as much as 50 times, and reading Jauharatul kamal as much as 12 times. And then read the remembrance of hailallah Friday.

Kritik Budaya Moralitas Pendidikan Sekolah Prespektif Neil Postman dan Azyumardi Azra

This paper contains the results of a study on cultural criticism of school education morality. The school is a complete and structured educational center. The school becomes one of the complete educational centers and structures. As a whole, schools require mutual involvement between teachers and students to achieve certain goals. The integrity of the role is then supported by a structured process, starting from planning, implementation, to the process of monitoring and evaluation. The purpose of this research is to find out the criticism of the moral culture of school education according to Neil Postman and Azyumardi Azra, and to find out the construct of the idea of a culture of morality in school education according to Neil Postman and Azyumardi Azra. This study uses a type of qualitative research literature (Library Research). The method used in this study uses an interpretive approach, the researcher tries to reveal and identify the culture of morality in school education according to the thoughts of Neil Postman and Azyumardi Azra, so that all ideas, and the work of Neil Postman and Azyumardi Azra regarding Morals can be known. Sources of data in this study using two sources, namely, primary data sources and secondary data sources. Therefore, the sources of data collected in this study are documents related to the thoughts of Neil Postman and Azyumardi Azra about school education. The results in this study are that, in criticizing the culture of morality, Postman discusses at least five important things, including: In criticizing morality culture, Postman discusses at least five important things, including: (first) Teachers do not appear as top figures, (second) Children are not given critical thinking space, (thirth) The reality of rapidly developing technology, (four) Schools are only limited to fulfilling profession. Azra's thoughts on morality culture explain how education can liberate humans from physical work that shackles human nature to develop. Azra becomes exposed to his cultural critique of morality into several parts. (first) The orientation of education on the formation of artisans, (second) Education takes place in a schooling system. (thirth) Rigid school formalism.