Azide Units Research Articles

Unprecedented Photoinduced‐Electron‐Transfer Probe with a Turn‐ON Chemiluminescence Mode‐of‐Action

PeT‐based fluorescent probes were demonstrated to be powerful tools for detection and imaging, owing to their significant fluorescence enhancement in response to specific targets. While numerous examples of fluorescence‐based PeT have been frequently reported, there is not even a single example of a PeT probe that operates via a chemiluminescence mode. Here we report the first PeT‐based turn‐on probe that acts via a chemiluminescent operation mode. We designed, synthesized, and evaluated a novel chemiluminescent probe, featuring a PeT‐based turn‐on mechanism. The probe consists of a phenoxy‐1,2‐dioxetane, linked to an azide unit that acts as a PeT quencher. Upon cycloaddition of a strained cycloalkyne with the azide, a triazole‐dioxetane is formed, which undergoes relatively slow chemiexcitation, resulting in a measurement window with an exceptionally high signal‐to‐noise ratio (over 5000‐fold). The PeT‐dioxetane probe could effectively detect and image two model proteins labeled with strained cycloalkyne units (Myc‐DBCO and Max‐DBCO) through either NHS or maleimide conjugations. Comparative analysis shows that our PeT‐based chemiluminescent probe significantly outperforms a commercially available fluorescent analog. We anticipate that the insights gained from this study will facilitate the development of additional chemiluminescent probes utilizing various PeT‐quenching pathways.

Unprecedented Photoinduced-Electron-Transfer Probe with a Turn-ON Chemiluminescence Mode-of-Action.

PeT-based fluorescent probes were demonstrated to be powerful tools for detection and imaging, owing to their significant fluorescence enhancement in response to specific targets. While numerous examples of fluorescence-based PeT have been frequently reported, there is not even a single example of a PeT probe that operates via a chemiluminescence mode. Here we report the first PeT-based turn-on probe that acts via a chemiluminescent operation mode. We designed, synthesized, and evaluated a novel chemiluminescent probe, featuring a PeT-based turn-on mechanism. The probe consists of a phenoxy-1,2-dioxetane, linked to an azide unit that acts as a PeT quencher. Upon cycloaddition of a strained cycloalkyne with the azide, a triazole-dioxetane is formed, which undergoes relatively slow chemiexcitation, resulting in a measurement window with an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio (over 5000-fold). The PeT-dioxetane probe could effectively detect and image two model proteins labeled with strained cycloalkyne units (Myc-DBCO and Max-DBCO) through either NHS or maleimide conjugations. Comparative analysis shows that our PeT-based chemiluminescent probe significantly outperforms a commercially available fluorescent analog. We anticipate that the insights gained from this study will facilitate the development of additional chemiluminescent probes utilizing various PeT-quenching pathways.

Fast detection of tryptamine in meat products with azide-functionalized covalent organic frameworks confined in molecularly imprinted polymers

Tryptamine is a biogenic amine that affects organoleptic quality through the generation of off-odours in foods. Herein, imine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were synthesized via Schiff base reactions and postmodified with click chemistry to generate azide-functionalized COFs with tunable azide units on the walls. The combination of molecular imprinting with COFs enabled the specific recognition of the targets. The resulting optosensing system (azide-functionalized COFs@MIPs) was used as a sample-to-answer analyser for detecting tryptamine (detection time within 10 min). A linear relationship was observed for the fluorescence response to tryptamine concentrations in the range of 3–120 μg L−1, with a limit of detection of 1.74 μg L−1. The recoveries for spiked samples were satisfactory, with relative standard deviations <9.90%. The optosensing system is a potential tool for the quantitative detection of tryptamine in meat products because of its lower cost, shorter processing time, and simpler processing steps compared to conventional chromatographic techniques.

Lanthanium nitride LaN9 featuring azide units: the first metal nine-nitride as a high-energy-density material.

High-pressure phase diagrams of the La-N binary system were systematically constructed using the CALYPSO method and first-principles calculations. In addition to the pressure-induced La-N compounds reported previously, we have uncovered a hitherto unknown LaN9 structure in Pm3̄ symmetry stabilized within a narrow pressure range of 20-24.5 GPa. Notably, LaN9 stands as the first thermodynamically stable metal nine-nitrogen compound, featuring centrosymmetric linear N3 anion units and an edge-sharing LaN12 icosahedron. Charge transfer between the La and N atoms plays a crucial role in facilitating structural stability. Furthermore, we identified a novel Cm phase for LaN8, which has a lower enthalpy compared to the previously reported phase. N atoms in Cm LaN8 are polymerized into infinite N∞ chains. Calculations demonstrate the potential recoverability of LaN9 and Cm LaN8 under atmospheric conditions while preserving their initial polynitrogen configuration. From the perspective of detonation pressure and detonation velocity, LaN9 and Cm LaN8 exhibit excellent explosive performance in comparison to TNT and HMX, with estimated energy densities of 0.9 and 1.54 kJ g-1, respectively, indicating their potential utility as high-energy-density materials.

Expanding the synthesis of a library of potent glucuronic acid glycodendrons for Dengue virus inhibition

Multivalent glycodendrons are valuable tools to mimic many structural and functional features of cell-surface glycoconjugates and its focal position scaffolds represent important components to increase specificity and affinity. Previous work in our group described the preparation of a tetravalent glucuronic acid dendron that binds with good affinity to Dengue virus envelope protein (KD = 22 μM). Herein, the chemical synthesis and binding analysis of a new library of potent glucuronic acid dendrons bearing different functional group at the focal position and different level of multivalency are described. Their chemical synthesis was performed sequentially in three stages and with good yields. Namely a) the chemical synthesis of the oligo and polyalkynyl scaffolds, b) assembling with fully protected glucuronic acid-based azide units by using a microwave assisted copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and c) sequential deprotection of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups.Surface Plasmon Resonance studies have demonstrated that the valency and the focal position functional group exert influence on the interaction with Dengue virus envelope protein. Molecular modelling studies were carried out in order to understand the binding observed. This work reports an efficient glycodendrons chemical synthesis that provides appropriate focal position functional group and multivalence, that offer an easy and versatile strategy to find new active compounds against Dengue virus.

Synthesis, Molecular, and Supramolecular Structures of Two Azide-Bridged Cd(II) and Cu(II) Coordination Polymers

Two 1D coordination polymers were synthesized by reaction of two ligands, 2-amino-4-picoline (2A4Pic) and quinoline-6-carboxylic acid (Qu-6-COOH) with two metal (II) nitrate (M = Cd and Cu) in the presence of azide as a linker. The synthesized metal complexes [Cd(2A4Pic)2(N3)2]n; (1) and [Cu(Qu-6-COO)(N3)(H2O)]n; (2) were isolated in single crystals and their X-ray structures revealed a 1D polymeric structure. Due to symmetry considerations, the asymmetric formula is half a [Cd(2A4Pic)2(N3)2] unit for 1 and one [Cu(Qu-6-COO)(N3)(H2O)] unit for 2. In complex 1, the Cd(II) is hexa-coordinated with two 2A4Pic molecules and four μ(1,1) azide units. Hence, the CdN6 coordination environment has a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. In 2, the Cu(II) is hexa-coordinated with three different ligands (Qu-6-COO¯, H2O and μ(1,1) N3¯) where all are connectors between the crystallographically related Cu(II) sites. Additionally, complex 2 distorted CuN2O4 octahedral geometry. In both complexes, the polymer arrays are connected by N…H hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. Based on Hirshfeld analysis, the percentages of N…H contacts are 43.1 and 27.4% for 1 and 2, respectively, while %C...C are 5.6 and 9.3%, respectively. Analysis of Cu-N, Cu-O, and Cd-N bonds using DFT calculations showed predominantly closed-shell coordination interactions with little covalent characters. Additionally, the negatively charged ligand groups were found to compensate the positive charge of the central metal ion to a larger extent than the electrically neutral ligands.

Nitrene transfer from a sterically confined copper nitrenoid dipyrrin complex.

Despite the myriad Cu-catalyzed nitrene transfer methodologies to form new C-N bonds (e.g., amination, aziridination), the critical reaction intermediates have largely eluded direct characterization due to their inherent reactivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of dipyrrin-supported Cu nitrenoid adducts, investigate their spectroscopic features, and probe their nitrene transfer chemistry through detailed mechanistic analyses. Treatment of the dipyrrin CuI complexes with substituted organoazides affords terminally ligated organoazide adducts with minimal activation of the azide unit as evidenced by vibrational spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cu nitrenoid, with an electronic structure most consistent with a triplet nitrene adduct of CuI, is accessed following geometric rearrangement of the azide adduct from κ1-N terminal ligation to κ1-N internal ligation with subsequent expulsion of N2. For perfluorinated arylazides, stoichiometric and catalytic C-H amination and aziridination was observed. Mechanistic analysis employing substrate competition reveals an enthalpically-controlled, electrophilic nitrene transfer for primary and secondary C-H bonds. Kinetic analyses for catalytic amination using tetrahydrofuran as a model substrate reveal pseudo-first order kinetics under relevant amination conditions with a first-order dependence on both Cu and organoazide. Activation parameters determined from Eyring analysis (ΔH‡ = 9.2(2) kcal mol-1, ΔS‡ = -42(2) cal mol-1 K-1, ΔG‡298K = 21.7(2) kcal mol-1) and parallel kinetic isotope effect measurements (1.10(2)) are consistent with rate-limiting Cu nitrenoid formation, followed by a proposed stepwise hydrogen-atom abstraction and rapid radical recombination to furnish the resulting C-N bond. The proposed mechanism and experimental analysis are further corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Multiconfigurational calculations provide insight into the electronic structure of the catalytically relevant Cu nitrene intermediates. The findings presented herein will assist in the development of future methodology for Cu-mediated C-N bond forming catalysis.

Nondestructive Photopatterning of Heavy‐Metal‐Free Quantum Dots (Adv. Mater. 43/2022)

Photopatterning In article number 2205504, BongSoo Kim, Wan Ki Bae, Moon Sung Kang, and co-workers show how light-emissive quantum dots can be directly photopatterned using additives containing multiple azide units that undergo a UV-induced crosslinking reaction with the surface ligands of quantum dots. Patterns of red, green, and blue quantum dot patterns can be successfully formed at micrometer-scale resolution using photolithography facilities widely available in industry.

Nondestructive Photopatterning of Heavy‐Metal‐Free Quantum Dots

Electroluminescence from quantum dots (QDs) is a suitable photon source for futuristic displays offering hyper-realistic images with free-form factors. Accordingly, a nondestructive and scalable process capable of rendering multicolored QD patterns on a scale of several micrometers needs to be established. Here, nondestructive direct photopatterning for heavy-metal-free QDs is reported using branched light-driven ligand crosslinkers (LiXers) containing multiple azide units. The branched LiXers effectively interlock QD films via photo-crosslinking native aliphatic QD surface ligands without compromising the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of QDs. Using branched LiXers with six sterically engineered azide units, RGB QD patterns are achieved on the micrometer scale. The photo-crosslinking process does not affect the photoluminescence and electroluminescence characteristics of QDs and extends the device lifetime. This nondestructive method can be readily adapted to industrial processes and make an immediate impact on display technologies, as it uses widely available photolithography facilities and high-quality heavy-metal-free QDs with aliphatic ligands.

Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction between an Azide and an Internal Alkyne

AbstractHere we report the synthesis of a trisubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole‐linked polymer using a topochemical azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction. A cyclitol‐derived monomer having an azide and an internal alkyne group was designed. The four hydroxy groups present in this monomer dictate its crystal packing such that the monomer molecules are arranged head‐to‐tail, thereby placing the internal alkyne and the azide units of adjacent molecules proximally. Although the alignment of the reactive groups in the monomer crystal is not favourable for a topochemical reaction, a reactive orientation can be achieved by the rotation of the reactive groups. Upon heating the crystals, the monomer underwent topochemical polymerization to yield the trisubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazole‐linked‐polycyclitol. This study demonstrates a new synthetic strategy for cycloaddition reaction between non‐polarized internal alkynes and azides to yield trisubstituted triazoles.

Topochemical Cycloaddition Reaction between an Azide and an Internal Alkyne.

Here we report the synthesis of a trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole-linked polymer using a topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction. A cyclitol-derived monomer having an azide and an internal alkyne group was designed. The four hydroxy groups present in this monomer dictate its crystal packing such that the monomer molecules are arranged head-to-tail, thereby placing the internal alkyne and the azide units of adjacent molecules proximally. Although the alignment of the reactive groups in the monomer crystal is not favourable for a topochemical reaction, a reactive orientation can be achieved by the rotation of the reactive groups. Upon heating the crystals, the monomer underwent topochemical polymerization to yield the trisubstituted-1,2,3-triazole-linked-polycyclitol. This study demonstrates a new synthetic strategy for cycloaddition reaction between non-polarized internal alkynes and azides to yield trisubstituted triazoles.

Vibrational spectra, force constants and quantum chemical calculations of μ-1,3-azide bridged triphenylphosphine complexes of copper(I) and silver(I)

The dimeric title compounds [(C6H5)3P]Cu2(N3)2 and [C6H5)3P]Ag2(N3)2 were synthesized and characterized by FT-Raman and IR spectroscopy. The two phases were not isotypic but possessed approximately the same molecular symmetry which was C2/2m. The assignment of the modes was supported by quantum chemical DFT calculations coupled with TED (Total Energy Distribution) analyses. The calculated (NN) force constants for the bridging --(NNN)-- groups were directly comparable (f(NN) = 11.75 (Cu) and 12.19 N cm−1(Ag)) and harmonized well with those of the free azide anion in the binary alkali azides. The (NN) bond orders were obtained based on the calculated force constants (Siebert Bond Order, SBO) and Density-dependent electrostatic and chemical (DDEC6) method yielding SBO = 1.92 (Cu) and 1.96 (Ag) and BO = 2.00 (Cu) and 2.03 (Ag), respectively, indicating the presence of double bonds. The results underlined that the (NN) force constants and bond orders in the bridging azide units were practically unaffected by the nature of the central metal atoms and that they could be regarded as quasi isolated anions similar to those in the binary azide compounds.

Surface Polarization Doping in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Copolymers Using Cross-Linkable Terpolymer Dielectric Layers Containing Fluorinated Functional Units.

It is essential to tune the electrical properties of inorganic semiconductors via a doping process in the fabrication of cutting-edge electronic devices; however, the doping in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is limited by the uncontrollable dopant diffusion and low doping efficiencies. This study proposes the use of a fluorinated functional group in a polymer dielectric layer as an effective p-type doping strategy for ambipolar diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based donor-acceptor (D-A)-type semiconducting copolymer films used in OFETs, without generating structural perturbations. To experimentally verify the surface polarization doping effect of the fluorinated group, two terpolymers─poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-3-azidopropyl-methacrylate-co-propargyl-methacrylate) (5F-SAPMA), wherein fluorinated units are included, and poly(phenyl-methacrylate-co-3-azidopropyl-methacrylate-co-propargyl-methacrylate) (PhAPMA), without fluorinated units─are designed and synthesized for use in OFETs. The synthesized 5F-SAPMA and PhAPMA films were cross-linked through the click reaction between the alkyne and azide units in the terpolymers at 150 °C to provide chemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities and solvent resistance. The electrical characterization of the OFETs with the newly synthesized terpolymer dielectrics reveals that the surface polarization induced by the fluorinated groups of the 5F-SAPMA dielectrics leads to the generation of additional hole charges and helps minimize the broadening of the extended tail states in the vicinity of the valence band (highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level). This not only enables a transition from the ambipolar to p-type dominant characteristics but also helps increase the hole mobility from 0.023 to 0.305 cm2/(V·s).

Terpyridine Zn(II) Complexes with Azide Units for Visualization of Histone Deacetylation in Living Cells under STED Nanoscopy.

Histones are the alkali proteins in eukaryotic somatic chromatin cells which constitute the nucleosome structure together with DNA. Their abnormality is often associated with multiple tumorigenesis and other human diseases. Nevertheless, a simple and efficient super-resolution method to visualize histone distribution at the subcellular level is still unavailable. Herein, a Zn(II) terpyridine complex with rich-electronic azide units, namely, TpZnA-His, was designed and synthesized. The initial in vitro and in silico studies suggested that this complex is able to detect histones rapidly and selectively via charge-charge interactions with the histone H3 subunit. Its live cell nuclear localization, red-emission tail, and large Stokes shift allowed super-resolution evaluation of histone distributions with a clear distinction against nuclear DNA. We were able to quantitatively conclude three histone morphology alternations in live cells including condensation, aggregation, and cavity during activating histone acetylation. This work offers a better understanding as well as a versatile tool to study histone-involved gene transcription, signal transduction, and differentiation in cells.

Synthesis and Properties of Glycidyl Polymers Bearing 1,2,4‐Triazol‐5‐One, 3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐5‐One and Glycidyl Azide Units

AbstractGlycidyl triazolone and glycidyl nitrotriazolone polymers and glycidyl triazolone/glycidyl azide copolymers were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of 1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one and 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one heterocycles and azide ion for chlorine atoms in poly(epichlorohydrin), respectively. The structure of the resultant energetic polymers was characterized by 1H,13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis (Cl). The density of the obtained polymers was experimentally measured, and data on phase transitions and thermal decomposition were acquired by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The triazolone heterocycles inserted into the polymeric chain provided high thermal stability and a much higher density compared to the azide homopolymer GAP. The 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition demonstrated that spatially branched energy‐rich polymeric binders bearing 1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one and 1,2,3‐triazole heterocycles could conceptually be synthesized starting from p‐(GTO‐co‐GA) azide copolymers. The aforesaid merits make the reported polymers attractive candidates as the matrix of energetic binders.

"CHicable" and "Clickable" Copolymers for Network Formation and Surface Modification.

In this study, we present the generation of novel, multifunctional polymer networks through a combination of C,H-insertion cross-linking (CHic) and click chemistry. To this, copolymers consisting of hydrophilic N,N-dimethylacrylamide as matrix component and repeat units containing azide moieties, as well as benzophenone or anthraquinone groups, are generated. The benzophenone or anthraquinone groups allow photo-cross-linking, surface attachment or covalent immobilization of adjacent (bio)molecules through CHic reactions. The azide moieties either can react with available alkynes through conventional click reactions or can be activated to form nitrenes, which can also undergo CHic reactions. By choosing appropriate reaction conditions, the same polymer can be used to follow very different reaction paths, opening up a plethora of choices for the generation of functional polymer networks. In the exemplary presented case ("CHic-Click"), irradiation of the copolymers with UV-A light (λirr = 365 nm) leads to cross-linking (network formation) and surface attachment simultaneously. The azide units remain intact during this cross-linking step, and alkyne-modified (bio)molecules can be bound through click reactions. Biofunctionalization of the polymer network with alkynylated streptavidin, followed by application of biotin-conjugated antibody and a model analyte, highlights the potential of these surface architectures as a toolbox which can be adapted for diverse bioanalytical applications.

Azido-Functionalized Aromatic Phosphonate Esters in RPOSS-Cage-Supported Lanthanide Ion (Ln = La, Nd, Dy, Er) Coordination.

Within this work, a modified preparation of diethyl 4-azidobenzylphosphonate (L1) is presented and the family of 4- or 4'-azido-substituted aromatic phosphonate esters is increased by three new ligand platforms: diisopropyl 4-azidobenzylphosphonate (L2), diisopropyl ((4'-azido-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methyl)phosphonate (L3), and diisopropyl 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzylphosphonate (L4), which exhibit an anomalous splitting of the N3 stretching vibrations. Subsequent coordination to the in situ generated RPOSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane)-cage-supported lanthanide precursors [(Ln{RPOSS})2(THF)m] (P1-P6) (Ln = La, Nd, Dy, Er; R = iBu, Ph; m = 0, 1) yields complexes of the general formula [Ln{RPOSS}(L1-L4)n(S1)x(THF)m] (1-30) (n = 2, 3; x = 0, 1; m = 0-2) retaining the azide unit for future semiconductor surface immobilization. Because the latter compounds are mostly oils or viscous waxes, preliminary solution-state structure elucidations via DOSY-ECC-MW estimations have been carried out which are in accordance with 1H NMR integral ratios as well as solid-state structures, where available. Moreover, the optical properties of the Nd, Dy, and Er derivatives of complexes 1-30 are examined in the visible and NIR spectral regions, where applicable.

Syntheses, crystal structures and luminescence behaviors of four neutral penta-/hexacoordinate cadmium(II) compounds containing a tridentate Schiff base: Variation in coordination numbers, nuclearities and dimensionalities by changing halides/pseudohalides

Two neutral pentacoordinate mononuclear cadmium(II) complexes of the type [Cd(L)X2] [L = N-(pyridin-2′-yl)benzylidene)-2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine; X = Cl, (1) and X = Br, (2)], one neutral hexacoordinate dinuclear compound [Cd(L)(µ-NCS)NCS]2 (3) and one neutral hexacoordinate coordination polymer [Cd(L)(µ-N3)N3]n (4) have been prepared and characterized using microanalytical, spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray crystallographic results. Structural analyses show that each cadmium(II) center in the isostructural compounds 1 and 2 adopts a distorted square pyramidal geometry with a CdN3X2 [X = Cl in 1 and X = Br in 2] chromophore through coordination of three N atoms of L and two terminal halides. In 3 and 4, each metal(II) center affords a distorted octahedral geometry with MN5S (in 3) and MN6 (in 4) chromophores. Each metal(II) center in dinuclear compound 3 is attached to three N-atoms of L, one N-atom of terminal thiocyanate, and one N-atom and one S-atom of two μ1,3-bridging thiocyanate units, whereas three N-atoms of L and three N-atoms of one terminal and two μ1,3-bridging azide units are bound to each metal(II) center in the coordination polymer 4. Each metal(II) center in 4 is connected to two other metal(II) centers through two different μ1,3-azide bridges affording a zigzag one-dimensional (1D) chain. In the crystalline state, mononuclear units in both 1 and 2 are stabilized through intermolecular CH∙∙∙X (X = Cl in 1 and X = Br in 2) hydrogen bonds promoting to 2D sheet structures. The dinuclear units in 3 pack through cooperative intermolecular CH∙∙∙S and CH∙∙∙N hydrogen bonds giving rise to a 3D network structure. 1D chains in 4 are stabilized through cooperative intermolecular CH∙∙∙N hydrogen bonds promoting to a 2D sheet structure. These 2D sheets, in turn, self-assemble through weak non-covalent π∙∙∙π interactions to afford a 3D network structure. The thermally stable compounds (1–4) exhibit intraligand 1(π-π∗) fluorescence in DMF solutions at room temperature with lifetimes in range 0.83–2.94 ns.

Novel N-chloramine precursors for antimicrobial application: synthesis and facile covalent immobilization on polyurethane surface based on perfluorophenyl azide (PFPA) chemistry

To control the pathogen cross contaminations on medical material surface, there is a pressing need to develop antimicrobial materials with highly efficacious surface biocidal activity. In this work, N-chloramine precursors containing a quaternary ammonium unit and perfluorophenyl azide unit were synthesized and covalently immobilized on inert polyurethane (PU) film upon UV light irradiation. The surface modification was confirmed by contact angle, Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. After bleaching treatment, satisfactory biocidal activity was achieved for the surface-modified PU films. It was found that the introduced surface QA center contributed an even faster surface contact killing behavior and that precursors with a longer structural linker caused higher surface chlorine content and higher antimicrobial efficacy. This approach provides a novel and facile method that enables the covalent immobilization of N-chloramine precursors on inert polymeric surface to produce durable antimicrobial materials.

A one dimensional coordination polymer composed of antiferromagnetically coupled disk-like [Mn7] units

A single-chain magnet (SCM) was constructed from disk-like Mn7 clusters linked by azide units.