Azerbaijani Language Research Articles

Grammatical Features of Azerbaijani Words Taken from English

Along with the terms borrowed from English, grammatical elements and suffixes were also included, and as a morpheme could not be used independently in word creation, it acquired a new derivational feature in the composition of individual words. Since English and Azerbaijani are languages with different systems, the transfer of words from one language to another requires its adaptation to norm sources. Therefore, the borrowings that entered the lexical system of the Azerbaijani language through the English language are adapted to the historically formed literary language laws of the Azerbaijani language and were used in the Azerbaijani language in the form of the source language without undergoing any changes.

All-Turkish Lexical Layer in Turkic Languages and Uzbek Language Dialects

Abstract It is known that the study of dialects is one of the urgent issues of today's linguistics. World linguistics has made significant progress in the field of dialectology in the study of dialects, in creating a perfect areal description of dialectal phenomena. From the conducted research, a scientific conclusion can be drawn that it is possible to talk about the forms of language tools, i.e. the methods of expression, in the expression of all philosophical categories in the ancient monuments and in our current language. Like all philosophical concepts, the meaning of space and time is a linguistic image of the subjective perception of the objective world. That is why the linguistic research conducted in that direction requires communication with the sciences of philosophy, logic and psychology, leaving the framework of linguistics. Time-space-calendar words form a separate system in ancient Turkish written texts, and their comparative study with our current language is studied as an urgent issue of linguistics. Also "anda//anta" (at that time), "yil (year), kish (winter), kiçë//keçe (night), kuntuz (day), tun ortusi (midnight) ” words find their reflection in ancient monuments and lay the foundation for the emergence of representatives of the Turkic language, in particular, the Uzbek and Azerbaijani languages. In the system of means of expressing spatial concepts in the language, the phonetic space is considered the beginning, the beginning. That is, the phonetic space can be called the basis of space expression through language. At the same time, the grouping of words, morphological forms, syntactic units according to the time and space content, analysis of the specific aspects of those language units, many manifestations of concepts denoting the time and space content in the Azerbaijani language. The explanation of the forms of the edges was carried out based on the requirements of theoretical linguistics.

ŞAGİRDLƏRİN ORFOEPİK VƏ ORFOQRAFİK VƏRDİŞLƏRİNİN FORMALAŞDIRILMASI ÜZRƏ İŞİN TƏŞKİLİNDƏ SON NƏŞR I SİNİF AZƏRBAYCAN DİLİ DƏRSLİYİNİN İMKANLARI

The article analyzes the possibilities of the latest edition of the textbook of the Azerbaijani language of the 1st grade in terms of the formation of orthoepic-spelling skills of primary school students. It is noted that teaching a native language in the modern era aims to form a number of students' speech, lin¬guistic and communicative competencies. These competencies require compliance with orthoepic-ortho¬graphic norms, along with other norms in the communication process. Therefore, starting from the first stages of education, the need for the formation of students' orthoepic-spelling skills is emphasized. The article examines the possibilities of a grade 1 textbook from the point of view of the problem, and also offers specific types of work to help primary school teachers in this area.

Lexical-semantic analysis of toponyms of khojavand district

The onomastic system of the Azerbaijani language did not remain stable, it constantly changed, and onomastic units replaced one another over time or new ones were created. This event does not happen suddenly, but in connection with the social-political, economic, and historical events taking place in the country and the world, it happens over time and is based on certain regularities. The new onomastic unit created in our language is created according to the rules of the Azerbaijani language and reflects the characteristics of our language. By studying and researching the onomastic units that indicate the antiquity of the Azerbaijani language, it is possible to reveal a number of issues related to the past and language of the people, and to help solve important problems of language, history, ethnography, geography and other fields of science. Toponyms, which form a branch of onomastics, are formed in different forms. The linguistic analysis of toponyms gives us information about the past, history, language, culture, public and social life of the people. In this regard, the study of toponyms of Khojavand region and their historical-linguistic analysis is very important. Place names provide conditions for studying the geographical objects inhabited by people in the historical past, the areas where they are spread, and language features. In terms of studying the history of our language, toponyms are of great importance. In the creation of toponyms, various words - person, tribe, clan, animal, heavenly bodies, plant names, etc. plays an important role. There are the following groups of Azerbaijani toponyms: anthropotoponyms, ethnotoponyms, hydrotoponyms, zootoponyms, phytotoponyms. In addition, there are object names related to the relief structure of the earth: oikonyms, urbanonyms, choronyms, oronyms, dromonyms, social-political toponyms, memoir-memorial toponyms, cosmotoponyms, and descriptive toponyms.In the article, research was conducted on only a certain part of toponyms in Khojavand region.

AZƏRBAYCAN VƏ İNGİLİS DİLLƏRİNDƏ “CƏHƏNNƏM” VƏ “CƏNNƏT” KONSEPTLƏRİNİN MÜQAYİSƏLİ TƏDQİQİ

Comparative Research of the Сoncepts "Hell" and "Heaven" in the Azerbaijani and English Languages Summary This article analyzes how the concepts of "Hell" and "Heaven" are perceived and depicted in the Azerbaijani and English languages comparatively. Comparative research on the concepts of "Hell" and "Heaven" in the Azerbaijani and English languages shows that the acceptance and depiction styles in both languages and cultures are influenced by religious, historical, and cultural differences. These concepts reflect the beliefs of individuals in both languages and cultures about the afterlife and hold significant importance in their worldviews. Key words: concept, Heaven, Hell, research, Azerbaijani language, English language, comparison

Possibilities of the Formation of Teaching Reading in the Azerbaijani Language Lessons

Possibilities of the Formation of Teaching Reading in the Azerbaijani Language Lessons

THE EFFECT OF USING HEYDAR ALIYEV'S HERITAGE IN THE TRAINING PROCESS ON THE COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS

A wide network of pre-school, general, vocational, secondary and higher education institutions operating in our state today, and a powerful scientific and pedagogical staff potential have their core from the purposeful policy on education carried out under the leadership of Heydar Aliyev in the 70s of the last century, and the comprehensive educational creativity that will be carried out in the future has created a strong foundation of progress. At that time, full-time educational institutions in Azerbaijan rose to the level of modern development compared to previous years, and the consistent national policy implemented in this direction played a special role in raising the educational, general cultural and intellectual level. The life and political active activity of Heydar Aliyev is the founder of the modern history of the Azerbaijani nation, the creator of the free Azerbaijan state and statehood in every citizen of Azerbaijan. It evokes a sense of pride. The life of the national leader, full of struggles, is a living chronicle of a special period, an epoch, which he dedicated to his native nation. For the first time in the history of the Azerbaijani nation, Heydar Aliyev put forward the idea of creating the concept of national ideology, gave recommendations on the work to be done in this field, the areas of application of these works, means and opportunities. The leader attaches special importance to the promotion of the subjects of the Azerbaijani language and Azerbaijani history, religious viewpoints, traditions, and our statehood meetings, and highly valued the work and role of teachers, whom he especially respected, in creating, organizing, and implementing this ideology.

MƏİŞƏTDƏ İŞLƏNƏN BİR SIRA FRAZEOLOJİ BİRLƏŞMƏLƏRİN ETİMOLOGİYASI

Etymology of Phraseological Combinations Based on Daily Life Lexics in English and Azerbaijani Summary This article explores phraseological combinations based on daily life lexics in English and Azerbaijani languages. Some phraseological combinations are formed with the help of daily life words, such as the names of national meals, plates, metric words etc. Moreover, the article provided comprehensive etimology of phraseological combination giving analysis of Additionally, the article particularly focuses on various types of phraseological units used on a daily basis such as idioms denoting meals, accessories, clothing with reference to its usage in different periods of history. Key words: phraseological combinations, homonymy, polysemy, daily life, lexics, etymology

FRANSIZ DİLİNİN XARİCİ DİL KİMİ TƏDRİSİNDƏ İSTİFADƏ EDİLƏN QRAMMATİK TAPŞIRIQLAR

Grammatical Assignments used in the Study of the French Language as a Foreign Language Summary The purpose and usefulness of using various assignments in the study of the French language as a foreign language in research is reflected. Here, as much as possible, starting from simple terms and moving on to more complex terms are given. Of course, the levels of the speakers must be taken into account when arranging the instructions. In the training of grammatical knowledge, the level of grammatical knowledge of the speakers in their native language must be kept attentive. There are differences between the grammar of the French language and the grammar of the Azerbaijani language. Keeping in mind the differences in the field of grammar, the learners can absorb the new language comparing it with their native one. Making comparative analysis in the analysis of foreign languages simplifies and accelerates the process of interpretation. Making grammatical analyzes allows the sentences to be translated correctly and the correct meaning to be captured. Key words: grammar studies, listening to songs, multiple choice tasks, related tasks

XVIII CENTURY AZERBAIJAN HISTORICAL REALITY AND LITERATURE

Throughout the entire history of mankind, literature has been a fact of the time of its creation. When we look at the issue both in a universal context and in a local one, we see approximately the same picture. Just as Homer is a fact of ancient Greece, the work of the genius Azerbaijani poet Nizami Ganjavi of the 12th century is considered to be the fact of the mighty Seljuk Empire, the state of the Atabays of Azerbaijan. Khagani Shirvani's literary heritage, dominated by rebellious and grievous motives, was a literary phenomenon caused by the state of the Shirvanshahs, the Akhsitan dynasty. The invasion of the Mongols, the invasion of Emir Timur, the period-specific manifestations of discontent against oppression and slavery, the spread of philanthropy and the phenomenon of Imadaddin Nasimi.. The work of Alishir Navai, the Uzbek-Chagatai poet and statesman of the 15th century, the author of the first “Khamsa” in Turkic, and the great Turkic culture, which was called the Timurid renaissance, were echoes of Huseyn Baygara's rule which lasted 37 years, in culture, science and literature. The establishment of the Safavid state of Azerbaijan in the XVI century and the fact that Azerbaijan remained the “metropolis and central province of the state” (Efendiyev, 2007: 11) throughout the century, the domestic and foreign policy has had a direct impact on the change of the direction of literature. The biggest event was the stabilization of the tradition of writing in the Azerbaijani language, the preference for the folk language, and the rapid development of ashug poetry. If in the literature of three centuries ago there was a palace splendor, then in the poetry of this period there is already a roar of battlefields, heroic motives surpass love poems, ashug poetry, which is closer to the people, and therefore has a lot of influence and propaganda power. The 18th century Azerbaijani literature is also a “mirror that shows the straight and the crooked” of its time. The article examines the most important events in the history of Azerbaijan of the XVIII century, their influence on the development of literature and features of their reflection in artistic works.

ICT problems of the Azerbaijani language, the Azerbaijani language problems of ICT

The article is dedicated to the intersection of language and technology, a crucial topic in our contemporary world. The rapid advancements in Information Communication Technologies present both new opportunities and challenges for national languages. As information technologies permeate various aspects of our lives, encompassing communication, the vitality and progression of language occur within this technological landscape. To delve into these dynamics, the article examines the case of the Azerbaijani language. The research is bifurcated into two key areas. The first addresses obstacles hindering the language from fully leveraging Information Communication Technologies capabilities, while the second explores limitations impeding Information Communication Technologies from effectively utilizing the language’s potential. The article provides a thorough analysis of the issues identified in both aspects and proposes solutions to overcome these existing challenges.

A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Methods and Text Features for Text Authorship Recognition in the Example of Azerbaijani Language Texts

This paper presents various machine learning methods with different text features that are explored and evaluated to determine the authorship of the texts in the example of the Azerbaijani language. We consider techniques like artificial neural network, convolutional neural network, random forest, and support vector machine. These techniques are used with different text features like word length, sentence length, combined word length and sentence length, n-grams, and word frequencies. The models were trained and tested on the works of many famous Azerbaijani writers. The results of computer experiments obtained by utilizing a comparison of various techniques and text features were analyzed. The cases where the usage of text features allowed better results were determined.

INTEGRATIVE STUDY OF LANGUAGE RULES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN THE AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE

The morphology of the Azerbaijani language has a wide range, so the question arises about the introduction of grammatical and lexical system of language rules. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to update the means of teaching junior high school students the rules of the language in Azerbaijani language lessons. The article is designed to reveal the features of grammatical and lexical structure and a comprehensive study of the language norms of the Azerbaijani language for elementary school students. The article aimed to describe grammatical and lexical features and their expression during students’ integrative learning of language rules. For this, the research used the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, deduction, generalisation, and a pedagogical experiment. The deductive method played a crucial role in this study, revealing unique aspects of the child’s lexical and grammatical mastery. This was achieved by using common knowledge related to education and language capabilities. Deduction was important for the formulation of distinctive features and characteristics that should be taken into account by teachers when teaching the Azerbaijani language. In addition, the article uses the method of generalization to prepare exercises for schoolchildren from a wide range of educational subjects. This approach involved incorporating the theoretical ideas explored in the study into the content of the exercise. The aim was not only to introduce these concepts but also to reinforce their understanding of the tasks, thus assessing the degree of students’ understanding and mastery. This approach enriches the educational process, ensuring the effective implementation of theoretical knowledge in practical learning experience. As a result of the work, it was established that the comprehensive study of language rules from morphology involved increasing the level of student’s knowledge, namely their conscious understanding of words in the process of speaking. Therefore, the main areas of the formation of speaking abilities and skills of younger schoolchildren are revealed. The article proves that this process is closely related to the increase in vocabulary, which, in turn, is an indicator of the richness of the language. The study presents a structured approach to teaching Azerbaijani language to junior high school students, focusing on morphological analysis, suffix exercises, and the interrelation of grammatical and lexical features. It emphasizes integrating these aspects to enhance students’ understanding and use of language. Key findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this integrative method in improving vocabulary, speech culture, and overall linguistic competence.

HEYDAR ALIYEV AND THE AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE

The mother tongue of every nation is the most important indicator of its existence, self-affirmation. The mother tongue is an irreplaceable national treasure that carries the uniqueness of the people, the nation, its historical background and culture, its rich vocabulary, beliefs and traditions, moral behavior and outlook, and transmits it from century to century. As Heydar Aliyev, the national leader of the Azerbaijani people, wisely said, "what makes a people a nation, what makes a nation a nation is its mother tongue." The Azerbaijani language, the state language of the Republic of Azerbaijan, currently has a unique place among world languages, as they say, a signature among signatures. In the words of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Mr. Ilham Aliyev, "Our mother tongue is characterized by the richness of its possibilities, the fluency of the sound structure and the stability of the grammatical structure".

Heydar Aliyev's Language Policy and the Phenomenon of Identity

Identity is reflected as a multifaceted topic in scientific and psychological research of the last decade. The problem of identity formation is the main problem of human development in society. Language is one of the ethnic markers, and it is it that makes it possible for an individual to identify himself with a particular ethnic community. The presented article talks about the language policy implemented by the Heydar Aliyev and his services in this field. In this field, Heydar Aliyev made exceptional contributions to the acquisition of the state language status of the Azerbaijani language, both during the Soviet period and during the restoration of independence. Also, the Azerbaijani ideology of the national leader and the phenomenon of the national language that underlies it, along with such factors as national consciousness, national identity, and the national state, constitute the formation of the people. One of the most important indicators of Heydar Aliyev's ideology is Azerbaijanism and it is the national ideology of the state and the people.

Interlingual relations as a main factor in mutually enriching languages

There are both reasonable and unjustified ideas in the assumptions and theories about the root commonality in languages of different systems. In this work presented to the readers, special attention is paid to the analysis of the right and wrong aspects of those ideas. Because the contradictions themselves are very important to reveal the truth. Later, in order to eliminate the difficulty in understanding the comparison of roots, it was considered appropriate to provide information about the structure and formation of the genetic roots of the Azerbaijani language itself. This work also analyzes the commonality of monosyllabic roots and words with root-formative composition, as well as parallelisms and motivational similarities. In this analysis, the latest sources of linguistics were used and analyzes and comparisons were made. The mutual development of languages is the reflection of interlingual interaction. The cooperation of nations and peoples affects primarily their language. Conversion of the achievements of scientific and technological achievements into the common property of humanity, the mutual development of their cultural values, in the creation and development of mutually beneficial relations between languages as well as in literature. In the process of its own historical development, the languages have been and continue to be in the process of mutual language interaction.

AZƏRBAYCAN DİLİNDƏ BUDAQ CÜMLƏNİN MÜƏYYƏNLƏŞMƏSİNDƏ ƏVƏZLİKLƏRİN ROLU

The Role of Pronouns in Determining a Branch Sentence in the Azerbaijani Language Summary The article deals with the role of pronouns, especially demonstrative pronouns, in determining branch sentence types in the Azerbaijani language. It is shown that the demostrative pronouns, which act as a template, are of great importance in the definition of subordinate complex sentences. Branch clauses are named according to clause members that are omitted or marked with demonstrative pronouns in the main clause. Thus, the demostrative pronouns that determine the branch sentence type are analyzed by dividing them into two parts according to the corresponding types of subordinate compound sentences. In the first type, the main clause comes first, and the demostrative pronouns used here have a template function, while in the second type, the branch clause comes first, and in the second main clause, the demostrative pronouns are evaluated as the equivalent of connecting words expressed by interrogative pronouns. Key words: Azerbaijani language, subordinate complex sentences, main sentence, dependent sentence, demonstrative pronouns

MÜASİR İNGİLİS VƏ AZƏRBAYCAN DİLLƏRİNDƏ VOKATİV CÜMLƏLƏR

Vocative Sentences in Modern English and Azerbaijani Languages Summary Sentence-words and vocative sentences are the kinds of sentences which are mostly used both in the English and Azerbaijani languages. A vocative sentence is from Latin word “vocativus”. Such kinds of sentences express appeal, challenge and pampering. A lot of vocative words and sentences are used both in the English and Azerbaijani languages. There are some similiarities and differences between the vocative sentences and direct address, interjection and nominal sentences. This article deals with the allomorphic and izomorphic features between vocative sentences and direct address, interjections and nominal sentences using in both languages. Key words: sentence-words, a vocative sentence, a direct address, interjection, a nominal sentence, appeal

О ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯХ И ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВАХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БИЛИНГВАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ШКОЛАХ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА

On the Possibilities and Advantages of Using a Bilingual Education Model in Azerbaijani Schools Summary The transition to a bilingual (multilingual) model of education in classes with foreign languages of education in Azerbaijan meets modern requirements and the national interests of the country, corresponds to the spirit and calls of reforms, as well as the content and structural renewal of the educational system of the republic. In classes with Russian or English as the language of education, the state language of the country should also have the status of the language of education, which will expand the opportunities for learning and using the Azerbaijani language in the educational environment. Key words: bilingual education model, classes with foreign languages of education, status of the language of education, state language, learning environment

AZƏRBAYCAN DİLİNİN TARİXİ İNKİŞAF MƏRHƏLƏLƏRİ

Stages of historical development of the Azerbaijani language Summary The literary language of Azerbaijan is based on the national language. The period of formation and development of the following stages passes: 1. XVII-XVIII centuries; 2. XIX century; 3. Начало 20 века; 4. The next stage in the 20-30s of the 20th century; 5. In the XVII-XVIII centuries, the literary language of Azerbaijan is organized on the basis of the national language; 6. In the 19th and 20th centuries, this process continued and continues to this day.The history of the literary language of Azerbaijan was periodizedbased on the traditions of that time.especially. Key words: Azerbaijani language, development, stage, Turkish language, word and term