Azerbaijan Population Research Articles

THE FIRST SECULAR SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN AZERBAIJAN

Ponte Academic JournalNov 2016, Volume 72, Issue 11 THE FIRST SECULAR SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN AZERBAIJANAuthor(s): Yusif Khidir oglu GaziyevJ. Ponte - Nov 2016 - Volume 72 - Issue 11 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.11.23 Abstract:School libraries in Azerbaijan: the problem of the investigation of school libraries’ history and their role on the improvement of teaching and education. With the purpose of increasing the level of education of the population in Azerbaijan, on the base of Muslim schools were formed 2-3 class uyezd schools and libraries at these schools. The importance of the uyezd school libraries was that the library served not only the students, but also for the village and urban communities. These libraries played a very important role in the education of the students, teachers and as a whole broad masses. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Характер вскармливания и индекс массы тела детей до 5 лет азербайджанской популяции

Характер вскармливания и индекс массы тела детей до 5 лет азербайджанской популяции

MEFV gene mutation distrubution in Azerbaijan population

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)(MIM 249100) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disorder characterized by episodes of inflammation in the absence of high-titer autoantibodies or antigen-specific T cells. The Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene(OMIM 608107) located on chromosome 16p13.3, which encodes the 781-amino-acid protein pyrin, is the causative gene for this monogenic Mendelian disease. This study presents the molecular analysis of an MEFV gene mutation screen of 268 patients from Azerbaijan Republic, with clinical diagnoses of FMF.

Disability Due to Blindness of the Adult Population of Azerbaijan: Level, Reasons, Age - Gender Relations

Disability Due to Blindness of the Adult Population of Azerbaijan: Level, Reasons, Age - Gender Relations

Hemodialysis service in the Azerbaijan Republic

Aim. To study the organizational aspects of hemodialysis aid to the population of Azerbaijan.
 Methods. The structure of patients requiring hemodialysis was studied using personal data and statistical reporting of the hemodialysis service of the Azerbaijan Republic using historical, analytical, statistical research methods.
 Results. The trend for increased numbers of patients receiving a hemodialysis is shown. It is specified that Azerbaijan is the endemic area for nephrolithiasis. 950-970 patients per million have a renal disease. In 2011, 211,306 procedures of hemodialysis were performed, compared to 291,852 procedures in 2013, including 823 primary patients. The total number of patients requiring hemodialysis in 2013 was 913 patients in Baku and 898 patients in regions (1811 patients in total). The understaffing of dialysis departments with nephrologists is presented, the number of available specialists is almost 4 times less than required. Thus, it is shown that dialysis departments of the republican medical setting have 119 doctors and 294 nursing staff, the staffing rate is 1.1-1.2 nephrologist per 100,000 population, while the standard is 4-4.5.
 Conclusion. The need for additional management measures to improve the service in this group of patients, as well as new training programs on hemodialysis therapy in universities and medical colleges is explained.

The risk mortality of the population of azerbaijan from circulatory diseases, depending on the season

Rzayeva A. J., Agayeva K. F., Hatamzada E. M., Mammadbayli A. K. The risk mortality of the population of azerbaijan from circulatory diseases, depending on the season. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(6):115-122 . ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.18393 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%286%29%3A115-122 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/564136 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18393 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartośc merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., ze w roku 2014 nie bedzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktow co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 21.04.2015. Revised 28.05.2015. Accepted: 05.06.2015. THE RISK MORTALITY OF THE POPULATION OF AZERBAIJAN FROM CIRCULATORY DISEASES, DEPENDING ON THE SEASON A. J. Rzayeva, K. F. Agayeva, E. M. Hatamzada, A. K. Mammadbayli Azerbaijan State Advanced Training Institute for doctors named after A. Aliyev, Baku ABSTRACT The Objective. To obtain evidence-based data about the role of seasons of the year in the formation of the population mortality risk from the circulatory system diseases (CSD) in Azerbaijan and its regions with specific climate. Materials of the study. A case of mortality was a unit of statistical observation. The fatalities from all reasons, including CSD have been distributed by the days of every month in the year. Daily average amount of fatalities by months and seasons ( from 20 December to 19 March – winter; from 20 March to 19 June- spring; from 20 June to 16 September; from 20 September to 19 December - autumn) have been determined. Results. In Azerbaijan the risk of general mortality and mortality from CSD is the highest in winter, it decreases in spring but nonuniformly (the general mortality rate is less than that from CSD). That is why the share of CSD increases among mortality reasons. Conclusions. Seasonal change of mortality risks from CSD is multivariant. Winter-spring increase of risk predominates in Azerbaijan. In some regions of Azerbaijan the mortality risk from CSD increases only once either in spring or in summer or winter. Key words: seasonal dynamics, risk of mortality, circulatory system diseases.

Changes in prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1994-2012 and prospects for 2030

Aim. To study the changes in prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1994-2012 and to predict the changes by 2030. Methods. The data of the number of patients with diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Azerbaijan were gained by analyzing official statistics of Ministry of Healthcare of the Azerbaijan Republic. The population of Azerbaijan in 1994-2012 was also analyzed. Microsoft Excel software package was used for prognosis calculation and graphical representation. Results. In 1994 40 438 patients with diabetes mellitus were registered in the Republic of Azerbaijan, in 2003 - 49 083 pa-tients, and in 2012 the number of patients with diabetes mellitus has reached 151 667 which was 375.06% compared to 1994 and 309.00% compared to 2003. Mid-annual change of the country’s population was calculated, with the gained data used for population prediction for 2030. According to the calculations, the number of officially registered patients with diabetes mellitus should reach 3.73% of the Azerbaijan Republic population by 2030. Conclusion. Statistical data show considerable growth in diabetes mellitus prevalence in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The prediction based on the last 9 years data allows to predict the increase of the number of officially registered patients with diabetes mellitus up to 380 178 patients by 2030, which will make 3.73% of the country’s population.

Informing surveillance for the lowland plague focus in Azerbaijan using a historic dataset

Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative, zoonotic bacterium and the causative agent of plague. Plague is maintained in nature through a transmission cycle between partially resistant rodent hosts and fleas. There are natural reservoir populations on almost every continent, and the number of reported human plague cases has increased in recent years. Azerbaijan is a country at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and western Asia that has a history of environmental plague foci. Informing plague surveillance in this region is imperative due to the deteriorating public health system that resulted from the collapse of the Soviet Union. The aim of this study was to inform efforts to prioritize regions for plague surveillance in Azerbaijan. A 14-year historic data set was employed to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of the primary plague host in the country, the Libyan gird, Meriones libycus, using the Space Time Analysis of Moving Polygons (STAMP) method. This method is useful for identifying areas of stable rodent abundance across the study period. The relationship between STAMP-defined stable M. libycus abundance and environmental variables including mean temperature, altitude, land cover type and annual precipitation was explored. We were particularly interested in identifying increasing human population trends in the area surrounding regions characterized by historically high M. libycus abundance, as the risk of human plague increases as humans come into close proximity with hosts and vectors. There was variation in M. libycus abundance over the historic period, but regions of stability were identified for each category of abundance evaluated. There were significantly different climatic conditions and land cover types associated with different categories of abundance. The human population in Azerbaijan has steadily increased over the past 30 years, including regions bordering plague foci. Surveillance should be prioritized for regions with historically stable high host abundance, regions with climatic conditions associated with high abundance, and regions with increasing human populations surrounding plague foci.

Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci in Azerbaijan population

The biological basis of contemporary forensic DNA profiling is linked to the processes of cell and human reproduction. From the many variations that subsequently exist on the human genome, short tandem repeats (STRs) have emerged as the most suitable markers for current forensic identification. The variation of short tandem repeats or microsatellites dispersed through the whole human genome, is actively investigated in forensic labs for personal identification and determination of genetic relationships between individuals.

Evaluation of chloroplast relationship between some apple genotype from Azerbaijan of Iran and their comparison with other local genotypes, cultivars and rootstocks

Cleavage Amplification Polymorphism (CAP) technique was used to detect chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity in 26 Iranian apple genotypes (19 from Azerbaijan) as well as two commercial cultivars and two dwarf rootstocks. Study of approximately 4.13% of the total chloroplast genome by using three chloroplast universal primer pairs and two restriction enzymes (EcoR I and Mse I) detected 8 haplotypes. The most-abundant and widely distributed haplotype was H4 (frequency = 26.66% approximately). Three haplotypes (H1, H3 and H6) were exclusive haplotypes of Azerbaijan population. All the mutations detected were insertion-deletions in the range of 20 to 50 bp. The total cpDNA diversity in populations was hT=0.467, and a major portion of it was within populations (hS=0.445). The genetic differentiation among populations was low (GSTC=0.048) and no genetic structure was observed. This result proposes the possible utilization of the CAP technique for the characterization of apple genotypes and cultivars. The polymorphism in cpDNA of Malus has to be considered carefully when planning phylogenetic studies involving this species. Key words: Malus, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), haplotype, cleavage amplification polymorphism (CAP), chloroplast universal primerc, restriction enzymes, phylogenetic.

Association of polymorphism of some candidate genes of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism with anthropometric indices and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the population of Azerbaijan

The purpose of the study was to analyze the association of gene polymorphisms of leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), insulin-induced gene, and the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with anthropometric data. A total of 95 patients with T2DM of Azerbaijan population. The average age at the time of the survey was 50,4±0,51 years. Duration of the disease was 5,8±1,5 years. We found that patients with T2DM and obesity in the Azerbaijan population have most common polymorphism of insulin-induced gene in the homozygous form (GG), a mutant version of the gene in heterozygous form of leptin, adiponectin gene mutant variant in homozygous form and the normal version of the gene TNF-α in homozygous form. In 47.3% of cases there was a high level of CRP, a linear body mass index with normal homozygous GG allele of the TNF-a gene , insulin-induced gene, and a mutant version of the adiponectin and leptin genes.

HISTORICAL CONDITIONS OF ETHNIC AND POLITICAL CONFLICTS IN SOUTH CAUCASUS – SELECTED PROBLEMS

The main subject of this article is the presentation of the historical backgrounds of the contemporary conflicts over the Mountainous Karabagh, South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The author describes the history of these regions from the beginning of the 19th century till 1992. The conquest of the South Caucasus by Imperial Russia in the 19th century resulted in the immigrations of Armenians to the Mountainous Karabagh, Ossetians to South Ossetia and Georgians to Abkhazia. These immigrations completely changed the ethnic compositions of these region. The Russian authorities supported the immigrations of pro-Russian Armenians and Ossetians.The political situation in these regions changed in 1918, when the independence of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan was declared. South Ossetia and Abkhazia were parts of independent Georgia, and the Mountainous Karabagh was dependent on Azerbaijan. Ossetians and Abkhazians resisted the Georgian authorities and Karabagh Armenians fought against Azerbaijan’s rule.After the conquest of the South Caucasus by Soviet Russia in 1920-1921, the Mountainous Karabagh remained part of Soviet Azerbaijan, and South Ossetia and Abkhazia remained part of Soviet Georgia. The Autonomous Oblast of Nagorno-Karabagh was created in the Mountainous Karabagh in 1923. The authorities of the Mountainous Karabagh were dominated by Karabagh Armenians and this region was practically independent of Soviet Azerbaijan. A similar situation was in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, especially after 1956.The development of Abkhazian and Ossetian national movements at the end of the 1980s led to the situation in which Abkhazians and South Ossetians claimed the political autonomy of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in Georgia, and then the independence of these regions. The Georgian authorities were against these claims, as they considered these regions to constitute the historical parts of Georgia. The political hostility between Georgia and South Ossetia resulted in South Ossetian-Georgian armed fighting in January 1991, and South Ossetia proclaimed its independence in November 1991. Moreover, the political conflict between the Georgian government and the Abkhazian authorities in the first half of 1992 turned into open war in August 1992.Karabagh Armenians claimed the incorporation of the Mountainous Karabagh into Soviet Armenia because of historical, ethnic, cultural and regional connections between the Mountainous Karabagh and Armenia. These claims were very strong from the end of 1980s, but Azerbaijan’s communist authorities and the Azerbaijan anti-communist movement wanted to retain the Karabagh region in Azerbaijan. The hostility between the local Armenian and Azerbaijan population of the Mountainous Karabagh turned into armed fighting in 1989. The Mountainous Karabagh proclaimed its independence in December 1991.

Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on Germination Indices of Two Thymus Species

Effect of Salinity and Drought Stress on Germination Indices of Two Thymus SpeciesThe environmental stress such as, salinity (soil or water) and drought are serious obstacles for medical plants and field crops in further areas of the world, especially arid and semiarid regions. In order to investigate salinity and drought stress onT. daenensisand T.kotschyanusgermination indices, an experiment was carried out. To create salinity stress, sodium chloride (NaCl) at the levels of 0 (as control), -3, -6 and -9 bar, and for drought stress, polyetylenglycol 6000 (PEG 6000) in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -3, -6 and -9 bar were used. Effect of drought and salt levels on investigated traits significant at 0.01. Result showed significance different between evaluated indices. Increasing of stress levels lead to reduction of germination and root and shoot length. Salt stress only in high levels reduced germination rate. Therefore,T. daenensisandT. kotschyanushave relative resistance to salinity in germination stage. Decrease in osmotic potential progressively inhibited seed germination of the two thyme species. In all salt treatments, maximum germination percentage inT. kotschyanusrelated to West Azerbaijan population and maximum germination rate related to Gazvin population. But in T. daenensis the highest values (both rate and percentage germination) were observed in Arak population. The germination rate of T.daenensisto the drought stress was more than theT. kotschyanusgermination rate like the germination percentage. Comparing the two stresses, it appears that drought has more effect than salt in germination indices.

Risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure from ingested food: The Azerbaijan case study

Risks due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure from food consumption for the population of Azerbaijan were determined using deterministic and probabilistic methods. The guidelines and methods described and presented in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS) Part A was used in performing the risk assessments. The current study utilized concentration data from different sources representing international studies performed over the past decade to determine those food products that contribute the most exposure to PAHs through ingestion for the Azeri population. Due to lack of concentration data from middle-Eastern countries, only European countries were considered and used for this analysis. Using the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) to adjust the concentrations of the individual PAH compounds to BaP equivalent concentrations, risk analyses were performed. Deterministic risk estimates fell within probabilistic risk estimates. Child risks were consistently four to seven times higher in magnitude than adult risks. Risk potentials determined for the food exposure pathway were also determined to be up to ten times higher in magnitude than risks determined from exposures due to other pathways such as soil contamination. It was observed that three major factors contributed to the variability in the assessment results, which were child and adult body weights, consumption rates of the different food groups, and the variances of the input data. The most prevalent pathways of PAH exposure from the dietary patterns of the Azerbaijani population were determined to be from bread and bakery products, milk and dairy products, and egg products.*

Genetic association of type 1 diabetes in an Azerbaijanian population: the HLA-DQ, -DRB1*04, the insulin gene, and CTLA4

Little is known on the genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the nations of the former Soviet part of south-west Asia. The aim of the study was to characterize the genetic association of T1DM in the Azeri, the majority population of Azerbaijan. One hundred and sixty patients with childhood-onset T1DM, and 271 healthy unrelated controls were compared in a case-control study. All declared themselves as Azeri. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1, -DQA1 alelles, of DRB1*04 subtypes, and of insulin gene and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, the association was tested from cross-tabulations, and quantified using odds ratios (OR). In the non-HLA factors, analyses were also stratified according to the HLA-conferred risk. Risk for T1DM was associated with presence of the HLA-DQB1*02-DQA1*05, OR = 6.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3-10], the HLA-DQB1*0302-DQA1*03, OR = 3.9 (95% CI 2.6-6.0), and an unexpectedly high risk was observed for DQB1*0304, OR = 10.9, but the very wide CI (CI 95% 2.4-49) prompts careful interpretation. A negative association with diabetes was observed for the DQB1*0602, 0503, 0301, and 0601 alleles, as well as the DRB1*0403 subtype. A strong protection was also associated with the less frequent variant of the insulin gene (OR of the phenotypic positivity was 0.28, CI 95% 0.17-0.46), while the CTLA4 +49 A/G transition was not associated with T1DM. We bring the first report on both HLA, and non-HLA association of T1DM from the majority Azeri population of Azerbaijan.

С кого начинается Родина?: Парадоксы формирования национальной идентичности путем апроприации “экстерриториального” национального героя

SUMMARY: The article reconstructs the dynamic appropriation of a historical personage as a national hero in a very distinct historical and territorial setting. The Persian-speaking head of an anti-Islam sect in Northern Iran in the ninth century and the leader of a powerful uprising against the Arab Caliphate, until the 1930s Babek had never been associated with the Turkic-speaking Muslim population of modern Azerbaijan. Yet, over the second half of the twentieth century, Babek became one of the key figures in the Azerbaijani national pantheon. In the late 1930s, Babek was praised by Soviet historians as a rebel of humble social origin. After the outbreak of the Second World War, he became even more important as a role model because of his leadership in the two decade-long fight with “Arab invaders.” During the last decades of the Soviet regime, Babek appeared as an embodiment of the national Azerbaijani character in professional historiography, belles-lettres, and even in the movies and on stage. In independent Azerbaijan, where Islam and Turkic nationalism are serving as major components of national identity, the image of Babek has held onto its official status as a key historical figure, while its reception by different groups of the population is more nuanced. Some are skeptical about the cult of Babek because of his sectarian, anti-Islam ideology and non-Turkic origins. Still others embrace him as a great national hero despite these grave faults. Furthermore, a few ethnic minority groups in Azerbaijan put forward claims for Babek as belonging to their ethnicity and their ethnic territoriality. The figure of Babek has played a decisive role in the shaping of Azerbaijan as a homeland for the nation. However, Babek is losing his symbolic status for supporters of a different (pan-Turkic) principle of national mobilization, one that goes beyond the region of Azerbaijan and Northern Iran.

National and Regional Population Trends in Azerbaijan

An American specialist on urbanization and population dynamics in the countries of the former Soviet Union examines changes in Azerbaijan's population revealed by analysis of that country's first post-Soviet (1999) census and official 2002 population estimates. Particular attention is devoted to the ongoing conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the contested territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, in terms of its effects on total population size (mortality and refugee flows into and out of the country) and the internal distribution of population within the country (involuntary migration of internally displaced persons). Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: J11, O18, R23. 2 figures, 4 tables, 44 references.

Circadian basis of assembly pheromone response inArgas (Persicargas) persicus

A very close negative correlation has been demonstrated between the assembly pheromone response and locomotor activity inArgas (Persicargas) persicus (Oken). The daily rhythm of the activity of ticks in constant darkness showed alternation of diurnal assembly and nocturnal locomotor activity in regular circadian oscillations, but the intensity of the locomotor activity gradually decreased. The tendency for the period of the circadian oscillation to be longer and for the active phase of the rhythm to shift to the daytime hours occurred in ticks of the Azerbaijan population and unengorged ticks of the Czechoslovak laboratory population. This was not so in the engorged males from Czechoslovak population. The periodicity in the alternation of active and passive phases and the number of active ticks grew progressively in relation to increasing temperature. The presence of females increased the locomotor activity of males.