Azad Kashmir Research Articles

Honey Bee Products as Bio Indicator of Heavy Metals Pollution and Health Risk Assessment Through the Consumption of Multifloral Honey Collected in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

The study assessed the health risks associated with heavy metal ingestion and explored the use of honey bee products as a bio-indicator for heavy metal pollution. All honey bee products tested showed heavy metals, but some honey samples had concentrations exceeding permissible limits for Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr. The mean concentrations of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the honey, propolis, bee wax, and bee pollen were Fe (1.32) > Zn (1.31) > Pb (0.46) > Ni (0.18) > Cr (0.16) > Cu (0.14) > Co (0.12) > Mn (0.05) > Cd (0.03), Fe (8) > Zn (1.13) > Mn (0.59) > Pb (0.13) > Ni (0.07) > Cu (0.06) > Co (0.05) > Cr (0.03) > Cd (0.02), Fe (1.31) > Pb (0.41) > Ni (0.407) > Zn(0.25) > Mn (0.12) > Co(0.10) > Cu (0.07) > Cr (0.05) > Cd (0.002), and Fe (2.2) > Zn (0.75) > Ni (0.25) > Pb (0.16) > Cu (0.05) > Mn (0.045) > Co (0.04) > Cr (0.01) > Cd(0.002), respectively. Similarly, the mean concentration of heavy metals (mg/kg) in the soil, flowers and pine pollen was Fe (539.08) > Zn (89.53) > Mn (66.91) > Ni (58.5) > Co (19.2) > Cr (11.42) > Pb (6.58) > Cu (5.71) > Cd (0.19), Fe (3.12) > Zn (0.95) > Mn (0.72) > Ni (0.29) > Cu (0.16) > Cr (0.14) > Pb (0.059) > Co (0.057) > Cd (0.003) and Fe (2.59) > Zn (1.75) > Mn (0.43) > Pb (0.34) > Co (0.1) > Cr (0.07) > Cu (0.06) > Cd (0.039) > Ni (0.03), respectively. The atomic absorption spectrophotometry procedure was validated through a recovery study and achieved accuracy through the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The mean Bio concentration factor (BCF) indicated that the transfer from soil to honey was higher than from soil to flower. The metal pollution index (MPI) of the selected indicators was in descending order: soil > honey > flowers > propolis > pine pollen > beeswax > bee pollen. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were below one, showing no chronic health risk. The carcinogenic risk (CR) of Cd, Cr, and Ni in honey for children, male and female adults for the consumers exceeds the acceptable level, making Cd, Cr, and Ni the most concerning heavy metals in honey. The study suggests that regular monitoring of heavy metal pollution is essential.

Assessment of Serum Lipid Profile Among Patients With Hemorrhagic Versus Ischemic Strokes at Muzaffarabad; A Comparative Study

Objective: To assess the serum lipid level in adults with hemorrhagic versus ischemic stroke and determine the associated factors. Methodology: A Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir from 30-3-2020 to 30-9-2020. Out of 100 patients were enrolled and divided into two different groups. 3ml of blood was drawn and sent for fasting lipid profile to the single institutional laboratory. The blood samples were analyzed enzymatically using an autoanalyzer. All the obtained information was analyzed using SPSS. Results: In ischemic stroke patients, the mean TC was 227.20±16.47 mg/dl; among hemorrhagic stroke patients, mean total cholesterol levels were 203.5 ±16.8 with the value of P=<0.001. The Total mean HDL was found 36.10±4.29 with a value of p=<0.001. In ischemic stroke patients, the mean LDL was 145.18±16.98; in hemorrhagic stroke patients, the mean LDL was 131.96±12.12 (p-value=<0.001). In ischemic stroke patients, the mean TG was 203.18±57.74 mg/dl while in hemorrhagic stroke patients, the mean TG was 164.67±53.25 with a value of p=0.001) Conclusion: This study concluded that the mean TC, HDL, LDL, and TG of the patients was 215±20.42 mg/dl, 37.77±4.47 mg/dl, t 138.57±16.11 mg/dl, and 183.93±58.55 mg/dl respectively. This study further concluded that is substantial correlation exists between the serum lipid profile of adults and the type of stroke

Lived experiences of village-based patients with chronic kidney disease receiving haemodialysis at Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan: a transcendental phenomenology study protocol

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major health issues in Pakistan, exerting notable effects on both the physical and mental well-being of individuals undergoing haemodialysis. Of particular concern...

Fertility patterns in Pakistan: a comparative analysis of family planning trends across different geographic regions.

Family planning includes a wide range of services, such as counseling, contraception, and support to couples. Evidence shows that developing countries have a high degree of inequality in contraception use and prevalence. Reasons for these inequalities include cultural barriers such as traditional preferences and a desire for larger families and lineage, especially in rural areas. The primary objective of this research was to examine the updated contraceptive method preferences of couples in rural and urban regions of Pakistan and how these translate to family planning practices among the different provinces. A secondary survey analysis using the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2019 survey data was conducted. The dataset included 15 143 women sampled proportionally from the provinces, including Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The unit of analysis was 'women' from the individual survey dataset. Age, type of residence (rural, urban), division, education level, and language were used to evaluate access to family planning and contraception services. The c2 test assessed the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to see the likelihood of contraceptive use among women. Of the women in the sample, 55% were from rural areas and 50% were without formal education; 51.7% of these women were using or practicing any form of contraception method. The most common method used was condoms (9.2%), followed by injectables (6.2%). Regression analysis showed that women aged 15-19 years were less likely (odds ratio (OR)=0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.51-1.01) to use contraception when compared to the reference group. The likelihood of contraceptive use was higher in urban areas (OR=1.53, 95%Cl=1.39-1.69). Noticeably, contraceptive use was less likely in uneducated women (OR=0.62, 95%Cl=0.56-070). Punjab province had the highest contraceptive prevalence (34.3%), whereas Baluchistan had the lowest (6.9%). The use of contraception in urban and rural populations was similar in all provinces except Sindh and Gilgit Baltistan. In urban and rural areas, women in the age group 30-35 years who use contraception show a prevalence of 21% and 22% respectively. The study highlights suboptimal use of contraceptives and the existence of high levels of inequalities among the regions. There is a need for the implementation of focused educational initiatives and counseling interventions along with prioritization of accessibility and affordability of contraceptive methods among women in lower socioeconomic regions.

Significant Contribution of the 7th Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (2001-2006)

Significant Contribution of the 7th Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly (2001-2006)

Influence of Literary Figures on Urdu Poetry of Azad Kashmir: A Study

Influence of Literary Figures on Urdu Poetry of Azad Kashmir: A Study

Enhancing WHO Prescription writing guideline adherence through an educational intervention - a quality improvement study of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

Prescription writing is an important component of healthcare delivery and can directly influence patient safety and treatment outcomes. Prescription errors are common in developing countries because of the lack of national guidelines. This two-cycle clinical audit assessed the impact of educational interventions on improving prescription writing practices. A cross-sectional prospective clinical audit was conducted in the Out Patients Department (OPD) of the District Head Quarters (DHQ) Hospital in Bhimber, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir. A total of 100 randomly selected prescriptions were reviewed for each cycle from July to August 2023. We recorded compliance with WHO guidelines for prescription writing before and after the educational intervention. Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25.0 were used for statistical analysis. Categorical variables were analyzed using frequencies and percentages. An improvement in compliance was observed during the 2nd audit cycle, after the educational intervention. The greatest improvement was observed in documenting the allergic status of patients (62%) and the direction of drug administration (40%). We also observed improvements in the treatment duration (>10%), patient weight, physician registration number, diagnosis, and follow-up advice. The legibility of prescriptions also improved during the 2nd audit cycle. This study shows that integrating an educational intervention into a clinical audit can improve prescription writing practices and ultimately result in better quality of care for patients.

Unveiling Inequality: Mapping Asset Disparities in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)

The main objectives of this study are to construct a valid and reliable asset index at the household level for 10 districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) by using Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey micro-data and to estimate economic disparities by calculating Gini-coefficient and Palma Ratio. The asset index is considered a better estimate than expenditures or current household income to gauge a household’s living standard and its potential resilience to deal with economic shocks. The dimensional structure of assets is assessed by applying Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Tetrachoric Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Further, this paper has applied Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) to ensure the reliability of the household-based asset index. Furthermore, the Gini-coefficient and Palma ratios are estimated by using the composite household-based asset index to estimate economic disparities in all 10 districts of AJK. The dimensional structure of assets, reliability, and validity analysis suggest to use 21 assets (out of 30 items) to construct the household-based asset index. The nine items (assets) are excluded from the analysis to avoid systematic errors and random errors. The results show that districts Bhimber and Mirpur have achieved the highest average asset scores, which are 0.62 and 0.64 respectively. The score of the Gini-coefficient index and the Palma ratio analyses shows that the asset distribution in the districts Neelum and Haveli are highly unequal. The Gini-coefficient is highly responsive to midpoint distribution while the Palma ratio concentrates more on top and bottom distribution, and it ignores the middle 50 percent from the analysis. Interestingly, both approaches have produced similar district rank ordering because we have adopted a systematic process for construct validity and reliability to minimize measurement errors.

Ethnomedicinal Plants and Herbal Preparations Used by Rural Communities in Tehsil Hajira (Poonch District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan).

The present study emphasizes the importance of documenting ethnomedicinal plants and herbal practices of the local rural communities of Tehsil Hajira (Pakistan). The aim was to document, explore and quantify the traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge. Ethnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using various quantitative indices. The results showed that 144 medicinal plant species from 70 families and 128 genera play an important role in herbal preparations. The most common type of preparation was powder (19.0%), followed by paste (16.7%), aqueous extract (15.7%), decoction (14.7%) and juice (11.0%). Fragaria nubicola (0.94) and Viola canescens (0.93) had the highest relative frequency of mention (RFC), while Berberis lycium (1.22) and Fragaria nubicola (1.18) had the highest use value (UV). Geranium wallichianum (85.5), Ligustrum lucidum (83) and Indigofera heterantha (71.5) were the most important species in the study area with the highest relative importance (RI) value. The diseases treated were categorized into 17 classes, with diseases of the digestive system and liver having the highest Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) value, followed by diseases of the oropharynx and musculoskeletal system. Important plants mentioned for the treatment of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are Zanthoxylum alatum, Berberis lycium, Mentha longifolia, Punica granatum, Rubus ellipticus and Viola canescens. New applications of rarely documented plants from this area are: Oxalis corniculata paste of the whole plant to treat vitiligo, Carthamus tinctorius flowers to treat chicken pox, Dioscorea deltoidea tuber powder to treat productive cough, Inula cappa root decoction to treat miscarriage, Habenaria digitata tuber juice for the treatment of fever, Viola canescens leaves and flowers for the treatment of sore throat and Achillea millefolium root and leaf juice for the treatment of pneumonia. These plants may contain interesting biochemical compounds and should be subjected to further pharmacological studies to develop new drugs. Traditional medicinal knowledge in the area under study is mainly limited to the elderly, traditional healers and midwives. Therefore, resource conservation strategies and future pharmacological studies are strongly recommended.

Utilisation and barriers of social health protection program among its enrolled population of federally administrative areas, Pakistan

ObjectivesThe objective of this research is to analyse the extent of utilisation and identify the barriers faced by individuals in the Federally Administrative Area of Pakistan concerning the Social Health...

The estimate of PTSD symptoms among the residents of violent LOC area of Azad Kashmir

PurposeThe purpose of this study aims to investigate the estimated symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) among the residents of the violent line of control (LoC) of Azad Kashmir.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a quantitative, exploratory study. The sample comprised 235 males and 225 females, aged 18–35years (N = 460). The traumatic appraisal questionnaire (TAQ) was applied to the determined sample and their responses were statistically analyzed.FindingsIt was identified through quantitative research that people living near the LoC had higher PTSD symptoms as compared to those living farther away. Moreover, females exhibited higher PTSD than males. Religious beliefs were identified as the most common coping mechanism used by residents of LoC.Practical implicationsAwareness sessions and seminars will be conducted with the help of mental health professionals in those areas with high estimated PTSD symptoms. This research will also help mental health professionals in Azad Kashmir to understand PTSD issues of LoC people.Originality/valueThis study focuses on estimating PTSD symptoms among residents living near the LoC in Azad Kashmir, an area characterized by violence and conflict. This research offers practical implications for mental health interventions, such as conducting awareness sessions and seminars with the help of mental health professionals. Furthermore, the study can enhance the understanding of PTSD among LoC residents, aiding mental health professionals in providing more effective support and care.

Effect of workplace bullying and incivility on employee performance: Mediating role of psychological well being

Workplace bullying (WB) and workplace incivility (WI) appear to be the most alarming events with a potentially threat to the entire workforce and organization. Considering their implications, this research study is examining the effect of WB and WI on employee performance (EP) in the presence of psychological well-being (PW) among both relationships. Sample of the female employees (Nurses) working in the health care units and hospitals of the Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan was taken to collect the data. Data were collected from female nurses and their supervisors working in the public sector hospitals of AJ&K, Pakistan. The current study uses AMOS 21.0 for empirical analysis to estimate the “Structural Equation Model (SEM)”. The results of SEM show that WB and WI negatively influence nurses’ performance in Azad Jammu and Kashmir’s health sectors. Moreover, PW mediates the association between WB and EP. Similarly, the effects of WI decrease in the presence of PW. The current study provides theoretical and practical implications for Pakistan’s health sector regulators and other stakeholders. It also sheds highlight on the importance of a stress-free environment for health sector employees and postulates that employee productivity may be enhanced after eliminating bullying and incivility at the workplace. Further, the study guides managers to create stress-free environments and policies to enhance employee’s productivity.

Experimental Study of Cleaning Techniques for improving Performance of PV Modules

The present study concentrates effects of soiling on the performance of three monocrystalline Solar panels (a reference panel, a nano coated and a self-cleaned). The panels were installed at a tilt angle of 33° facing south on the roof of Mechanical Engineering Department, Mirpur University of Science and Technology Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan for a period of five weeks. The performance parameters such as solar irradiance, dust density, power output and the cell temperature of the panels were measured on weekly basis. The outcomes of the investigation demonstrate that power output of the reference, nano-coated and self-cleaning solar panels was observed to be reduced to 12%, 10%, and 8% respectively. The rapid fluctuation in the direct normal irradiation (DNI) is noticed for the whole experimental duration. Moreover, the temperature of reference, nano-coated and self-cleaning solar panels are observed to be decreased 13%, 11% and 12% respectively. The dust density increases for the whole experimental period.

Tuberculosis prevalence and demographic characteristics of population in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan): A retrospective study.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious problem for public health and a leading cause of death after COVID-19 and superior to even HIV/AIDS. It is a social health issue and can cause stigma and economic loss as the person cannot perform professionally due to lethargy caused by disease. It is a retrospective study done on data from National TB program Muzaffarabad chapter. The details were noted on SPSS and analysis was done to find important demographic characteristics. The total number of patients was 3441; among which 48.76% were males. Most of them (81.11%) belonged to the Muzaffarabad division of Azad Jammu and Kahmir (AJK). The microbiologically or culture positive cases were 440. Rifampicin resistance was present in 147 cases, further categorized as high (n = 143), very high (n = 3), or true positive (n = 1) resistance. Muti drug resistance was found in 19 cases. The microscopy culture is more sensitive (AUC = 0.511) than MTB/RIF or serology (AUC = 0.502) according to ROC. The rate of positive smear results is not very satisfactory in the present study as it cannot detect dormant or latent cases. There is a need to establish more sensitive tests for detection of cases and more research to combat the disease.

Quality assessments of spring water available in various Districts of Azad Kashmir

The study was conducted to find out the health of spring water available in different districts of Azad Jammu Kashmir. A total of 8 districts (Muzaffarabad, Kotli, Poonch, Sudhanati, Jhelum Valley, Bagh, Neelum, and Haveli) were selected where spring water is available and people are using that water for drinking purposes. Physiochemical analysis and microbiological analysis were monitored by using standard methods (PSQCA and WHO). The physiochemical analysis of most samples revealed the range as per the standard of PSQCA and WHO. On the other hand, in microbiological analysis, total plate count, coliform, and E. coli were found higher in districts Bagh and Haveli. The results of the microbiological analysis may be influenced by contamination during sample collection or by environmental circumstances.

Spatial and temporal patterns of fuelwood consumption and its associated CO2 emissions in Muzaffarabad division, a western Himalayan region

BackgroundIn the Himalayan region, fuelwood serves as a critical energy source for rural communities. Being vital for meeting energy needs, fuelwood combustion is a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and, consequently, global warming, as well as deforestation and public health damage. Therefore, quantifying fuelwood consumption patterns and its associated CO2 emissions is essential to understand the environmental impact and promote sustainable resource management.MethodsThis research conducts an evaluation of fuelwood burning patterns and the associated CO2 emissions in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), situated within the western Himalayan region. The study entails an extensive survey of 24 villages representing 240 households, equally distributed between the subtropical and temperate regions, each comprising 120 households. Data collection was executed through a combination of direct queries and the weight survey method, following standard protocols.ResultsIn the study area, the mean annual fuelwood comsumption per household amounts to 24.28 ± 3.1 Mg (or 3.195 ± 1 Mg capita−1). A variance was observed between subtropical and temperate zones, with the latter exhibiting higher consumption rates. The consequential CO2 emissions were assessed as 41.88 ± 4.5 Mg per household (5.51 ± 0.6 Mg capita−1). On a daily basis, households consumed an average of 66.52 ± 6.4 kg of fuelwood (8.75 ± 1.5 kg capita−1), resulting in a daily CO2 release rate of 114.745 ± 8.6 kg (15.095 ± 2 kg capita−1). The findings unveiled seasonal variations, indicating increased fuelwood consumption and emissions during the winter season. Statistical analysis shed light on the significance of altitude and family size in shaping the patterns of fuelwood use.ConclusionsThe results revealed the importance of prioritizing forest conservation and strategically implementing sustainable practices, including reforestation, afforestation, responsible harvesting, and actively promoting sustainable fuel sources. This research highlights the vital role of well-designed policies focused on preserving ecosystems and improving energy management. Policy intervention can ensure the sustainable stewardship of local and regional forest resources.

Critical Analysis of Revenue Generation of Azad Jammu and Kashmir: Challenges and Way Forward

This paper provides a critical assessment of AJK's revenue generation, identifies the obstacles, and offers a solution for future sustainable economic growth and development in Azad Kashmir. The study uses a mixed-method approach that includes case studies, interviews with key stakeholders, and a review of the literature. Two important sectors i.e., the Power development organization and the Inland Revenue Department with the potential to generate considerable amounts of revenue are acknowledged and evaluated as case studies by the critical examination of AJK's revenue generation. According to the conclusions of this investigation, AJK confronts difficulty in expanding its revenue sources outside conventional sectors such as agriculture and tourism. According to the analysis, AJK has a limited tax base and a poor tax-to-GDP ratio when compared to international standards. Infrastructural restrictions were also noted as a significant challenge to revenue generation in AJK. The region confronts constraints in utilizing its hydropower capacity, which can influence economic activity and revenue production possibilities. With its attractive landscapes, historical sites, and cultural legacy, AJK has tremendous tourism potential. However, due to limited infrastructure, a lack of promotion and marketing activities, and security concerns, the region faces obstacles in fully realizing this potential. The thesis makes many policy solutions to solve these issues, such as boosting access to finance, fostering public-private partnerships, and tackling instability due to the Kashmir Issue. To promote sustainability and equitable growth, the thesis also underlines the value of incorporating local people in the revenue creation process. Overall, this individual research paper will help understand the dynamics of revenue generation and can help Azad Kashmir formulate policies on taxation, investment, trade, and other economic activity. Policymakers can analyze the performance of existing policies, identify areas for improvement, and establish evidence-based policies to increase income creation in the region by analyzing revenue data. This can lead to improved policy results and more informed decision-making.

Cross Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Tuberculosis among the District of Sudhnuti, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is a major health risk that is mostly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a member of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC). Ten million cases of tuberculosis and 1.3 million deaths from the disease occur each year, making Mycobacterium tuberculosis one of the leading causes of death globally. Pakistan is ranked fifth among high-burden countries for tuberculosis (TB) and is expected to rank fourth for the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB. As a result, tuberculosis poses a serious threat to public health in Pakistan. Tuberculosis is a common occurrence in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Aims: The current study aimed to find out the prevalence of tuberculosis in the defined population. Study Design: The study was conducted in the District and Tehsil Headquarters Hospitals of District Sudhnuti AJK. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from all the District and Tehsil headquarters hospitals of Sudhnuti district from January 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: Samples of sputum from suspected cases were gathered from district Sudhnuti hospitals and TB centers from January 2019 to December 2019. All the suspected cases were examined by sputum smear microscopy and then bacteriologically positive cases were further confirmed by GeneXpert. All positive cases were examined for multi-drug resistance by using GeneXpert. Results: In the current study during the year 2019, 201 TB cases were reported from district Sudhnuti out of which 107 (53.23%) were males and 94 (46.76%) were females. The value of P=0.51 which is >0.05 is insignificant shows that Tuberculosis has no selective effect on a specific gender. Pulmonary cases were 131 in number with 81 bacteriologically positive and 50 clinically diagnosed negative cases. Extra Pulmonary cases were 70 in number with 1 bacteriologically positive and 69 clinically diagnosed negative cases. Only 2 (0.99%) MDR cases were diagnosed and the case notification rate during 2019 was 66. Conclusion: The current study shows that males are slightly more prone to TB in district Sudhnuti AJK as compared to females. Individuals with age >64 are more susceptible to TB when compared to individuals with age <15. The CNR during 2019 is 66 which is far away from the WHO set criteria. The CNR indicates that there is a need for improvement in the surveillance system.

Anticipating Climate Catastrophe: The Impacts of Diminished Snowfall in Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Climate change poses a significant threat to regions like Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJ&K) and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), where vulnerabilities are pronounced. Decreased snowfall alters water supplies and agriculture, exacerbating climate-related challenges. Integrated strategies, drawing on research, policy, and community efforts, are crucial for addressing these impacts effectively. Scientists agree on human-induced global warming, impacting precipitation patterns, temperatures, and glaciers in GB and AJ&K. Such changes affect water availability, agriculture, and increase the frequency of severe weather events, endangering local livelihoods. Of particular concern is the accelerated melting of glaciers in the Hunza Basin, heightening the risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) and posing a threat to downstream communities. Addressing climate change requires comprehensive approaches. This includes infrastructure resilience, community preparedness, sustainable agriculture, and improved early warning systems. Collaboration across sectors, investment in climate science, and empowering local communities are essential. Urgent action, at local, national, and global levels, is vital to mitigate climate change impacts and secure a sustainable future for all vulnerable regions like GB and AJ&K.

Ethnobotanical profiling of vegetative flora of Hajira Village Kalpur (Davigali) Union Council, Banteeni District Poonch Azad Kashmir

Ethnobotanical profiling of vegetative flora of Hajira Village Kalpur (Davigali) Union Council, Banteeni District Poonch Azad Kashmir