Ayurvedic Formulation Research Articles

A Study On The Effectiveness Of Cow's Milk Along With Arogyavardhini Vati (An Ayurvedic Formulation) In The Management Of Ascites- A Case Study

Ascites is the accumulation of peritoneal fluid in the abdominal cavity. Among all the causes of ascites, liver cirrhosis is one of the commonest cause. .Liver cirrhosis is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by replacement of normal liver tissue fibrosis that disrupts the normal liver function., which is complicated by ascites. Mild to moderate ascites is treated by salt restriction and diuretic therapy. Tense ascites is treated by paracentesis, followed by albumin infusion and diuretic therapy. Ascites due to liver cirrhosis , a life threatening condition is incurable due to its fibrotic nature .So, there is always a search for an alternative treatment like Ayurveda for its management. This paper highlights the effectiveness of using ‘only milk diet’ and a potent Ayurvedic formulation, Arogyavardhini vati for the management of ascites

Quantification of Hesperidin in Bulk, Ayurvedic Formulations Including Plant Extracts and Human Plasma Spiked Using Chromogenic Method

Quantification of Hesperidin in Bulk, Ayurvedic Formulations Including Plant Extracts and Human Plasma Spiked Using Chromogenic Method

Comprehensive Analysis of Allerkhand Tablet: A Novel Ayurvedic Herbal Formulation helps to regulates the Allergic Conditions

The increasing interest in alternative and complementary therapies has spotlighted Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine, for its holistic approach in managing allergies. Ayurvedic treatments for allergy typically focus on restoring balance of the Vitiated Doshas. This may involve dietary corrections, lifestyle changes, and the use of herbal remedies and rejuvenation therapies. Curcumin, the active component of turmeric, has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, which can be beneficial in managing allergic conditions. The current study was conducted for a scientific evaluation of Allerkhand tablet, an Ayurvedic patent medicine used to treat allergy and boost immunity. Allerkhand, a poly-herbal tablet formulation with Curcuma longa as the main ingredient and 18 other constituents, serves to improve immunity by combining anti-allergic and anti-histaminic effects. The product was subjected to qualitative phytochemical HPTLC, HPLC, and anti-microbial studies. Phytochemical analysis of Allerkhand in aqueous and methanolic extracts revealed the presence of 13 and 8 common compounds, respectively. According to HPTLC and HPLC analysis, sufficient quantity of curcuminoids are present in tablets. Significant antimicrobial zones were found against six bacterial strains. These findings support the traditional use of Allerkhand tablets as a natural remedy in regulating allergic conditions.

A Critical Review on Khadiradi Vati - An Ayurvedic Formulation

Ayurvedic medicine makes extensive use of herbal and herbo-mineral preparation. Because of its revitalizing qualities, long shelf life, and increased potency even at low doses, Rasaoushadis are significant in Ayurvedic medicine. One such classical multi-ingredient herbo mineral Ayurvedic formulation is Khadiradi Vati. Khadiradi Vati is a traditional Ayurvedic propriety medicine comprising of various plant and mineral based ingredients including Khadira, Javithri, Kankola, Gairika and etc. this herbo mineral preparation is used to treat various oral and skin disorders. It balances Vata, Pitta, Kapha and helps in alleviation of sore throat, reduces hoarseness and increases clarity in voice. It has described in various classical texts and can be used in Kasa, Swasa, Aruchi, Galaroga, Talu Roga, Kanta Roga, Mukha Roga, Kushta, Arsas, Bhagandara. Due to the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, alkaloids, it acts as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant is used in treating tonsilitis, gingivitis, mouth ulcers and etc.

HPLC Based Metabolomic Fingerprint Profiling as A Comprehensive Quality Assessment Tool, Why Not for Standardization of Ayurvedic Herbs and Formulations?

HPLC Based Metabolomic Fingerprint Profiling as A Comprehensive Quality Assessment Tool, Why Not for Standardization of Ayurvedic Herbs and Formulations?

Shramahara Mahakasya, a traditional polyherbal formulation, induces anti-anxiety activity in hippocampal neurons by effectuating SOD2-mediated protection against oxidative stress

BackgroundShramahara Mahakasya (SM) is an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation known for its anti-fatigue and anti-anxiety effects on the human body. However, its mechanism of action remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the intricate mechanisms through which SM polyherbal extract exerts the neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects in cultured HT-22 cells and rodent models. MethodIn this study, the chemical composition of SM was first identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The antioxidant potential of SM was evaluated through antioxidant assays such as DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The neuroprotective activity of SM (200 and 600 μg/mL) was investigated in glutamate (10 mM) assaulted HT-22 cells. The anxiolytic activity of SM (50 and 100 mg/kg) was assessed in a caffeine (50 mg/kg) induced anxiety model of Sprague Dawley rats. The possible underlying mechanisms for the neuroprotective and anxiolytic activities of SM were explored through biochemical assays and brain histology. ResultsOur findings suggest that SM has antioxidant and neuroprotective potential, as evidenced by a decrease in ROS accumulation, Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, and apoptosis in HT-22 cells subjected to glutamate-induced oxidative stress. The extract also increased SOD2 levels and decreased cleaved caspase-3 levels across various treatment sets. The anxiolytic activity of SM was demonstrated by improved behavior of the animals in the elevated plus maze test and increased SOD activity in the brain. SM exhibited the most effective improvements in anxiety disorder at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight in rats. ConclusionsThis study is a pioneering investigation depicting the antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, and anxiolytic potential of SM formulation against glutamate/caffeine-induced oxidative stress and anxiety in both in vitro and in vivo situations. Overall, our study suggests that the regular consumption of SM formulation could effectively prevent anxiety symptoms by reducing oxidative stress in neuronal cells.

Mineral composition of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa ash: Exploration of its ability to mimic the function of different metalloenzymes

The motivation to find functional models of different metalloenzymes comes from their potential to develop better catalysts inspired by nature. Generally, metalloenzymes can activate aerial dioxygen due to the metal ions in it. Amongst the numerous metalloenzymes, catechol oxidase, and phenoxazinone synthase are the two most discussed metalloenzymes that are of interest to the research community for their ability to oxidize small organic substrates in an eco-friendly way. In this research work, Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa (a plant Indigenous to India) ash has been prepared as per the method mentioned in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). The ash's mineral composition has been evaluated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ability of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa ash to mimic the function of catechol oxidase, and phenoxazinone synthase-like metalloenzymes have been explored. The results of this study confirm that Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa ash can as a catalyst for promoting the aerobic oxidation of the organic substrates 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) and o-aminophenol (OAPH) to their corresponding chromophores, which are the functions of catechol oxidase and phenoxazinone synthase metalloenzymes respectively. The average values of Vmax and KM-like kinetic parameters for catechol oxidase mimicking activity of ash are (3.4826 ± 0.0896) x 10-5 M S-1 and (512.9146 ± 13.7268) x 10-5 M, respectively. Similarly, the average values of Vmax and KM-like kinetic parameters for phenoxazinone synthase mimicking activity of ash are (1.8871 ± 0.0461) x 10-5 M S-1 and (1823.0084 ± 25.3384) x 10-5 M, respectively.

Vaidyakulguru Mahakavi Shri Krishnaram Bhatta (1849–1898): A great versifier of Ayurveda therapeutics

Abstract Much of the traditional knowledge related to Ayurveda remains with ancient physicians. Born into a distinguished lineage of royal physicians in Jaipur, Rajasthan, Vaidyakulguru Mahakavi Shri Krishnaram Bhatt was an eminent figure of nineteenth-century India, who excelled in both Ayurveda and literature. His lineage boasted of a rich tradition of Ayurvedic practice, which he carried forward with his intellectual expertise and poetic talent. The information related to his personality and his biography has been compiled with the help of the books written by him, texts written by other authors, and by conducting direct interviews with his family members for this article. Apart from being a prominent scholar of Ayurveda, its medicinal preparations, and its uses, he was also an expert in Sanskrit literature, poetry, and prosody. His educational journey under the guidance of eminent scholars earned him recognition as a polymath. His seminal work, “Siddha-Bheshajamanimala,” is a comprehensive guide to Ayurvedic formulations, reflecting his clinical acumen and poetic prowess. Apart from this, Kachchvansh Mahakavya, Sara-Shatakam, Jaipur-Vilas, Aryalankar-Shatakam, and other works are also among his important works. Despite his untimely demise, the legacy of Shri Krishnaram Bhatt continues to enrich the tradition of Ayurveda through his descendants. His life embodies a harmonious blend of Ayurvedic knowledge and literary excellence, leaving an indelible mark on India’s cultural and intellectual landscape and inspiring future generations of Ayurvedic practitioners.

Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Dioscorea bulbifera: A Comprehensive Review.

Dioscorea bulbifera (Family: Dioscoreaceae) also referred to as 'Air potato,' carries significant importance in the traditional medicine of China, West Africa and India. It is a common ingredient in numerous herbals and Ayurvedic formulations used to treat a variety of ailments. The literature review extensively examined the historical usage, phytoconstituents, characterisation of phytoconstituents, and medicinal uses of tubers, leaves, rhizomes and bulbils, with a particular focus on comparing research findings. Among the bioactive constituents, aglycone forms of steroidal saponins such as dioscorine, dioscin, diosbulbins, and diosgenin exhibit significant biological activities. Extracts from different parts of the plant exhibited pharmacological activities like anti-viral, anti-malarial, analgesic, antidiabetic, and anticancer. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth investigation to bridge between traditional knowledge and scientific evidence. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed understanding of the ethnobotany, phytoconstituent, chemical characterization and pharmacological potential of D. bulbifera, highlighting its prospects and challenges for future research and medicinal application.

Systematic Review on Current Managements of Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects people worldwide. It causes physical and emotional anguish, typically alongside psychiatric illnesses. When conventional methods of treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) fail, patients may go to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for relief. The quality of the evidence is uneven, but complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) shows promise. A systematic review evaluates CAM efficacy, safety, and mechanisms for IBS treatment to identify gaps and guide future research. This systematic review evaluates and synthesises CAM’s efficacy and use in irritable bowel syndrome treatment. This systematic review (1998-2023) included 15 studies from diverse sources, utilizing keywords related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Qualitative data methods extracted insights into Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) interventions for IBS. The evaluation covered main findings, clinical features, outcomes, adverse effects, and follow-up periods. PRISMA-guided data extraction, including a flowchart, ensured a systematic approach. Inclusion criteria comprised various study types, while exclusion criteria targeted inconsistent data and low-quality studies. This study examines numerous controlled, randomised, and multicenter studies on IBS therapies, including Ayurvedic formulations, conventional nutrition, and CAM techniques. Participants, study locations, and interventions vary in the global study. Results from various studies on IBS therapeutic efficacy, risk factors, and patient preferences are shown. Studies on Ayurvedic, homoeopathic, and CAM treatments provide a complete overview of IBS care. The study found that Ayurvedic and CAM treatments for IBS are helpful, but mainstream medications are risky. To improve efficacy, tailored, culturally relevant programmes need research and standardisation.

Anti-arthritic activity of Trayodashang guggulu, a classical Ayurvedic formulation against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting millions of people across the world. Trayodashang guggulu (TG) is a classical Ayurvedic formulation used for the treating joint diseases since decades in the Indian system of traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of TG against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats.MethodsArthritis was induced by single injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund’s adjuvant into the intraplanter surface of left hind paw of Wistar rats. TG was administered orally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. In the preventive dose group, TG was administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, orally for 28 days. Paw swelling, joint circumference, serum rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, serum IL-1β, TNF-α and histopathological parameters were assessed for the evaluation of arthritis. Effects of TG were compared with standard allopathic drug ibuprofen.ResultsTG reversed complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats when used for 14 and 28 days. Serum rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in rats treated with both standard drug ibuprofen and TG.ConclusionOral administration of TG reduced experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats by reversing elevated level of serum biochemical markers as well as reducing joint destruction similar to ibuprofen. Results obtained from the study paved the way in exploring more specific mechanisms of action of TG involving in vitro and in silico models.

Analysis of quality parameters and preservative concentrations in Sahacharadi Kwatha: A comparative study of three commercial brands

BackgroundSahacharadi Kwatha is traditionally employed in Ayurvedic therapy for "vata" related conditions such as back pain, herniated disc, palsy, sciatica, and paralysis. Classical Ayurvedic texts recommend the use of freshly prepared Kwatha for optimal patient benefits. However, in response to the commercialization of Ayurveda and the demand for convenient over-the-counter (OTC) formulations, various commercial preservatives have been incorporated by Ayurvedic manufacturers to facilitate OTC preparation and prolong shelf life. ObjectivesThis study aims to comprehensively analyse and compare the quality parameters and preservative content in three prominent brands of Sahacharadi Kwatha available in the Indian market. Materials and methodsOrganoleptic and physicochemical properties, phytochemical content, and microbial load of the samples were analyzed following standardized procedures. Sodium benzoate levels in the samples were determined using both titrimetric and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profiles were compared to discern differences among the samples. ResultsThe study revealed significant variations in organoleptic and physicochemical properties, HPTLC profiles, and microbial load among the tested samples. Sodium benzoate levels in all samples exceeded the FDA and API-approved limit. Additionally, substantial variations were noted in the phytochemical content of the samples. ConclusionThis investigation underscores noteworthy disparities in quality parameters and preservative content within the tested market variants of Sahacharadi Kwatha. The findings emphasize the existence of unregulated standards in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines available in the market, highlighting the imperative for standardization and validation of Ayurvedic formulations. Such measures are essential for enhancing consumer acceptability and fostering the overall development and growth of the Ayurveda industry.

Safety and Efficacy of Chyawanprash as a Prophylaxis Treatment for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

Amidst the multifaceted challenges posed by COVID-19, interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has risen. Chyawanprash (CP), an Ayurvedic formulation, is recognized for its multifunctional properties. This systematic review aims to evaluate its safety and effectiveness as a COVID-19 prophylactic.A literature search was conducted for articles published within the past three years from databases such as Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar. A total of 1008 articles were identified, and 34 were included for full-text screening, resulting in five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the eligibility criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model, with results represented in odds ratio (95% confidence intervals (CIs)), and publication bias presented through funnel plots.The five clinical trials conducted in India analyzed 153,343 participants. In the meta-analysis, the odds ratios for COVID-19-positive patients, COVID-19-positive in symptomatic patients, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and adverse events were 0.45 (95% CI 0.06-3.08, p = 0.41), 0.37 (95% CI 0.01-12.86, p = 0.58), 0.95 (95% CI 0.18-5.04, p = 0.95), and 0.94 (95% CI 0.63-1.40, p = 0.75) respectively. Notably, significant heterogeneity was observed among studies including both COVID-19-positive cases (I2= 80%, p = 0.007) and symptomatic COVID-19 cases (I2= 83%, p = 0.01), whereas non-significant zero heterogeneity was observed in HCRU (I2=0%, p = 0.74) and adverse events (I2= 0%, p = 1.00). The meta-analysis reveals a trendin the efficacy of CP as prophylaxis for COVID-19 treatments. However, owing to high heterogeneity and bias, further research is recommended.

Validated stability-indicating instrumental thin-layer chromatography method for the quantification of alizarin from Ayurvedic formulations

Validated stability-indicating instrumental thin-layer chromatography method for the quantification of alizarin from Ayurvedic formulations

Phytochemical Analysis and In Vitro Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Banana Bract Lehya

Banana Bract Lehya, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation, has gained recognition for its potential therapeutic applications. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate the physicochemical properties and biological activities of Banana Bract Lehya. The lehya was prepared using banana bract powder (Musa paradisiaca), jaggery, tamarind, and a blend of spices including cumin, ajwain, ginger, fennel, and black pepper. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, with high concentrations of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, and moderate levels of tannins and terpenoids. Physicochemical analysis showed a pH of 6.20, loss on drying of 70%, total ash content of 3.2%, and total solid content of 96%. Organoleptic evaluation indicated a light brown and black color, pungent and spicy taste, and jelly-like texture. The total phenolic content was 78.5 ± 3.2 mg GAE/g, while the total flavonoid content was 42.3 ± 2.1 mg QE/g. Antioxidant activity, assessed by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, showed an IC50 value of 127.6 ± 5.4 μg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid's 23.8 ± 1.2 μg/mL. Glucose adsorption capacity increased with rising glucose concentration, suggesting potential anti-diabetic effects. The lehya exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, with IC50 values of 156.3 ± 7.2 μg/mL and 143.7 ± 6.5 μg/mL, respectively, compared to acarbose's 83.2 ± 3.8 μg/mL and 95.6 ± 4.1 μg/mL. These findings provide valuable insights into the composition, physicochemical properties, and potential health benefits of Banana Bract Lehya.

Quality control and shelf-life study of Ayush CCT formulation

BACKGROUND: One of the most widely popular brews globally is green tea/black tea, prepared by steeping the leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze plant. The examination of shelf-life proves to be a crucial tool in Ayurvedic formulations, particularly for ensuring the prolonged durability of the finished products. METHODS: The formulation underwent shelf-life studies maintaining conditions at 30°C ± 2°C and 65% RH ± 5% RH. The shelf-life dynamics were scrutinized through withdrawals at 0 day and at 3-month intervals to maintain the efficacy over a period of 24 months. In the current research, notable alterations were not detected in diverse physical, chemical, and safety parameters studied for shelf-life assessment. These parameters include pH, loss on drying at 105°C, ash values, extractive values, microbial contamination, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile, thermal analysis, and aflatoxins, all evaluated at different intervals throughout the entire study period. RESULTS: The current research study comprises of HPTLC fingerprint profiling of C. sinensis leaf and formulation, employing the solvent system of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6.5:3.4:0.1) with caffeine as the reference standard and safety parameters along with total phenolic content (6.9379 %w/w) and total flavonoid content (3.31 %w/w). The quantitative estimation values of caffeine in Ayush CCT and in C. sinensis leaf were 0.83% and 2.44%, respectively. CONCLUSION: It can be inferred that the Ayush CCT formulation demonstrates a shelf-life of more than 2 years. The study encompassed the assessment of shelf-life, as well as the qualitative and quantitative estimation of caffeine as a bioactive constituent in Ayush CCT formulation and C. sinensis extract.

Evaluation of Standardization Parameters for Asthi Sandhanak Lepa an Ayurvedic Formulation .

Asthi Sandhanak Lepa is an Ayurvedic Formulation widely used in the form of herbal paste to treat fractures and dislocations and is applied externally for the treatment of the same. The formulation is also used to reduce pain and inflammation. In the present investigation, various standardization parameters, viz., morphological studies, physical characters and physicochemical studies of the raw material/herbs that are used in the preparation of ayurvedic formulation, were studied.

Preliminary Screening of Various Parameters for Design and Development of Kumaryasava Formulation.

Ayurveda is the most popular traditional system among these and this indigenous system originated from India. Kumaryasava (KS) is a very popular arista in our state, probably due to their taste, alcoholic content, medicinal uses and physiological importance. The quality assessment of ayurvedic formulation is of prime importance in justifying their acceptability when compared with the modern system of medicine. A study reported that the therapeutic efficacy of herbal formulation always depends on its method of preparation and hence, there is need to develop a formulation with statistical optimization. The constituents essential for preparation of KS involve dravya, dravadravya, sandhaneeya dravya, prakshepa Dravya and madhura dravya. The other ingredients in formulation were selected based on in silico molecular docking for the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. In this article attempt is made to describe the screening of Kumaryasava formulation for optimization of the concentration of sweetening agent, fermentation duration and fermentation temperature for alcohol generated and selection of various excipients that affect formulation efficacy. According to the preliminary screening study it was observed that the sugar concentration 35 to 40%, fermentation time 30 days for ghataki flowers and fermentation temperature 25℃ has reported considerably significant results for alcohol content analyzed by gas chromatography. The preliminary screening parameters of KS formulation will be applied effectively for the development of formulation with a statistical approach.

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Desmostachya bipinnata Roots

This study was conducted for preliminary phytochemical study of different extracts and to study antimicrobial effects of methanolic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata roots. Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf is an official drug of ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, belongs to the family of Poaceae/Gramineae. Phytochemical screening was done to identify the main groups of chemical constituents present in different extract of Desmostachya bipinnata by their colour reactions with different reagents. Four extracts viz: Petroleum, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic, were subjected for carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, proteins and amino acids using a test procedure. Preliminary antimicrobial test of D. bipinnata extract was carried out by well diffusion method. The extract was subjected for antimicrobial screening using reference standard, Gentamicin (10µg). The antimicrobial screening of the plant extract revealed the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive microorganism) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative microorganism).

Industrial manufacturing method and characterization of Ayurvedic marine drugs: mother pearl, cowry, coral and pearl

Introduction: Ayurvedic marine drugs derived from mollusc shells and coral are regularly used by Ayurvedic physicians to treat several disease conditions like acid peptic disease, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoporosis, etc. However, standard operating procedures for manufacturing these drugs and their complete characterization have not been published in the Ayurvedic Formulary and Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India to date. Methods: Present study describes the traditional manufacturing process and thorough characterization using classical and advanced analytical tools. The raw materials characters, in-process parameters, and finished product specifications have been elaborated to develop monographs. Especially, the identity and purity of raw coral and pearl were checked by Raman Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence analysis. Results: In the finished product analysis, the X-Ray Diffraction study revealed that incineration after trituration with Aloe barbadensis leaf pulp or rose water converted the aragonite phase of calcium carbonate into calcite phase in mother pearl, cowry, and pearl while the calcite form of raw coral was retained. The prominent bands around 1390, 870, and 712 cm−1 detected by Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy and mass loss between 39–44% (w/w) revealed by thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the carbonate form of these calcium-based drugs. The finished products were very fine grayish-white powders constituted by irregularly shaped nano-micro particulate calcium carbonate exhibiting particle size between 600 nm (D10 value) to 1.2 µm (D90 value). Conclusion: The quality control and assurance achieved in this study may be further utilized by the pharmaceutical industries to manufacture quality marine drugs and conduct efficacy studies.