Ayurveda Practitioners Research Articles

Preparation and Evaluation of Wound Healing Gel Using Extract of Psidium guajuva Leaves and Tridax Daisy Leaves

Wounds are physical injuries that results in an opening or breaking of the skin. Proper healing of wounds is very essential for the restoration of disrupted anatomical continuity and disturbed functional status of the skin. Wound healing is a complex but generally orderly process. Sequential waves of specialized cell types first clear the inciting injury and then progressively build the scaffolding to fill in any resulting defect. The antibacterial potential of the crude leaves extracts of Psidium guajava Linn. against some bacteria associated with surgical wound, burns, skin and soft tissue infections were investigated under different conditions. Tridax procumbens (L.) is a spreading annual herb found throughout India. The plant is a native of tropical America and naturalized in tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia. Local people known it as “Ghamara,” in English popularly called “coat buttons” and is dispensed for “Bhringraj” by some of the practitioners of Ayurveda. The plant has many pharmacological applications such as hepatoprotective activity, anti-infl ammatory, wound healing, anti-diabetic activity, hypotensive effect, immunomodulating property, bronchial catarrh, dysentery, and diarrhea and to prevent falling of hair promotes the growth of hair, and antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The leaf juice possesses antiseptic, insecticidal and parasiticidal properties, as a remedy against conjunctivitis and is used also to check hemorrhage from cuts, bruises and wounds insect repellent. Keywords: Preparation, Evaluation, pharmacological effect, Wound Healing Gel, Antiseptic.

Knowledge, attitude and practices of ayurvedic medicine practitioners in Kerala towards millets and millet-based diet: a prospective cross-sectional online survey study

IntroductionDiet and lifestyle play pivotal roles in Ayurveda’s preventive and therapeutic principles. The rich culinary heritage of Kerala harmoniously aligns with Ayurvedic dietetic principles. With the recent designation of 2023...

Review of research works done on Rajata Bhasma [Incinerated Silver] at Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar

Rajata a well-known metal known for its Medhya, Rasayana and Balya Karma. Rajata is cost effective compared to Swarna and possess similar properties to that of Swarna. Rajata Bhasma (RB) is a calcined silver compound widely used by practitioners of Ayurveda for various ailments like depletion of body elements, neurological disorders, muscular dystrophy, infertility, diabetes, various infectious conditions. Aim of the present study was to compile such available research works done on Rajata in the Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana (RS and BK), ITRA, Jamnagar and provide brief information about pharmaceutical, analytical, and pharmacological studies. Total five studies on Rajata Bhasma, which revalidated the impact of classical guidelines, safety issues, and therapeutic utilities, were screened from Department of RS and BK, Institute for Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar. All studies revealed that Rajata Bhasma is safe clinically, experimentally at Therapeutic Equivalent Dose (TED) levels as no toxic hazards were reported during the treatment period. The clinical efficacy of Rajata Bhasma has been evaluated in Female infertility, Depression (Avasada) and memory enhancing activity. conditions. Satisfactory responses with a decrease in the intensity of signs and symptoms were reported in all the studies. Though certain limitations were observed in these researches, the results can be considered as a lead for further well stratified studies covering larger population. No adverse effects were reported in any of these studies.

Vaidya Bapalal G Shah-A botanist Vaidya who made significant contributions to the field of dravyaguna

Abstract This article sheds light on the life and contributions of Vaidya Bapalal G. Shah to Ayurveda. This article is based on information obtained through interviews with Bapalal Vaidya’s grandson, Vaidya Anand Shah, and references to Vaidyaraj Bapalal Shashthipurti Granth and Vanayu e-magazine about his early life, active role in the Indian independence movement, and unwavering dedication to Ayurveda. This study is an effort to introduce the practitioners of Ayurveda to Bapalal’s journey from a sincere student to a leading genius of Ayurveda. Bapalal Vaidya was a lifelong learner, mastering the uses of medicinal plants, Ayurvedic clinical practices, and allopathic methods, which is reflected in works such as “Nighantu Adarsha” and “Dravyaguna Shastra.” As a teacher, pharmaceutical manufacturer, researcher, and author of more than 50 books, his influence extended to establishing institutions like O. H. Nazar Ayurveda College and Atmanand Saraswati Ayurvedic Cooperative Pharmacy Limited.

Padma Shri Dr. K. Rajagopalan: An exemplary physician who blended the wisdom of traditional Ayurveda with the advancements of modern medicine

Abstract From a passionate Ayurveda scholar to a torchbearer, Padma Shri Dr. K. Rajagopalan has dedicated his life to teaching, preaching, and practicing Ayurveda in his distinctive style. After studying both Ayurveda (DAM) and allopathy (MBBS), he chose to be an Ayurvedic physician following his family tradition. He upheld the science of Ayurveda, claiming it to be potent enough to become the medicine of the future. Besides being an enthusiastic clinician, he was actively associated with various Ayurveda organizations and research programs. The rectitude and resolve behind this remarkable pioneer of Ayurveda is of more consequence, which highlights the major transformations in Ayurveda medical education. He is worthy of admiration, more so for his pivotal role in the formation of the Central Council of Indian Medicine, a statutory body for Ayurveda medical education. He also provided academic and clinical guidance to many of the scholars and physicians of Ayurveda. Among many other prestigious awards and honors accorded him, Dr. K. Rajagopalan received the “Padma Shri,” one of India’s most distinguished civilian awards, in 2003 in recognition of his valuable contributions to Ayurveda. While staying true to the traditions and tenets of Ayurveda, his exemplary accomplishments will be remembered by generations of Ayurveda practitioners all over Kerala.

Corporate Governance Practices of Changampally Ayurveda Vaidyasala - A Study from Employees’ Perspective

Corporate governance is the arrangement in which companies are directed and controlled (OECD, 2004). Each stakeholder is important to every company and Corporate Governance is the driver of stakeholders' satisfaction (Rejeb, 2012). Among the stakeholders of a company, employees are the most critical stakeholders as they hold direct and long-term contact with the productivity of every company (Lynch Fannon, 2006). This study intended to understand employees' perceptions of Changampally Ayurveda Vaidyasala's corporate governance practices. The famous Changampally family was invited from Tulunadu to perform in the famous Mamanka festival in Thirunavaya, and later, they were forced to settle in Thirunavaya. (http://www.changampallyayurveda.com/ayurveda-medicine-manufacturing.php, n.d.). They are considered one of the oldest and most renowned Ayurveda practitioners specializing in AsthiMarma Chikilsa. It is an Ayurvedic manufacturing company with a GMP certification and is well-known for its employee maintenance system. This study went through their existing corporate governance practices like transparency, fairness, accountability, and responsibility of the company from the employees’ perspective. It is found that the company hasfavourable transparency, fairness, accountability, and responsibility policies towards employees and itsoverall corporate governance practices are found exemplary.

A theoretical framework for integration of technology with fundamental principles of Ayurveda to develop a prototype instrument to assess Guna (viz. Gurvadi guna)

Background: The foremost challenge for global acceptance of traditional systems of Indian medicine is to establish evidence for all the documentation mentioned in the texts. To make Ayurveda more evidence-based, there is a need for an abundance of data with proper validity and reliability. To ensure that the data collected from various research studies is reliable as well as valid, there is a need to convert possible subjective parameters into objective ones. Guna (~attribute/property), a fundamental concept in Ayurveda, particularly Gurvadi guna (~physical attributes), is a similar subjective parameter that needs more objectivity to be assessed uniformly by all practitioners of Ayurveda. Aim: The aim of this study was to propose a conceptual framework for developing a prototype instrument that objectively assesses Gurvadi guna in both substances and the human body, integrating technology with Ayurvedic principles. Methods: This concept presents a theoretical framework, synthesizing ideas from Ayurvedic philosophy, modern scientific techniques, and technological innovations. It proposes the integration of chromatography, spectroscopy, biophysical techniques, and nanotechnology for Guna assessment. The framework envisages a multifunctional instrument capable of evaluating Gurvadi guna in substances and human physiology simultaneously. Expected Outcomes: The proposed instrument targets to provide a standardized approach to Guna assessment in Ayurvedic practice, objective measurements of Gurvadi guna in various substances and the human body, and enhanced precision in diagnosing imbalances and selecting appropriate treatments. Conclusion: This conceptual framework represents a novel approach to bridging traditional Ayurvedic knowledge with modern technology. While acknowledging the challenges in development and implementation, this proposal aims to stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation in Ayurvedic research and practice.

Myth and reality of "theory-driven individualised practice" in Ayurveda: Mapping physicians' approaches using case-based scenarios.

The curricula of Ayurveda programmes emphasise various theoretical constructs such as Tridosha (three factors determining the state of health), Agnibala (digestive strength), Samprapti (patho-physiology), among others. It is often argued that practitioners follow an individualised approach based on these principles while treating patients. Yet, dependable data on their real-world influence is lacking. The aim of this study was to record the extent to which these constructs drive decision-making among Ayurveda practitioners and to examine whether these constructs determine individualisation of the interventions. We employed an emailed survey to record physicians' perceptions. Convenience sampling was chosen as the sampling method. Registered Ayurveda practitioners located across India with a minimum of five years of clinical experience were invited to participate. Five case-based scenarios depicting different clinical conditions were presented to the physicians. Questions that accompanied each case scenario asked the physicians to record clinical diagnoses, treatment plans, and the Ayurveda principles that determined their treatment. A total of 141 physicians responded, from whom we received 152 responses as seven physicians responded to more than one scenario. The results suggest a significant lack of consensus among physicians regarding clinical diagnoses, interventions, and their understanding of pathophysiology in the given clinical scenarios. Many conflicting opinions were also noted. Theoretical constructs do not appear to determine either prescriptions or individualisation uniformly. Two ethical questions arise: "Is this situation due to an inherently weak theoretical framework of Ayurveda?" and "How can one justify spending hundreds of hours teaching these theories?"

Identification and classification of Prakriti of human using facial features

<p>Changes in the lifestyle of individual, several of disease has emerged due to imbalance of doshas components. Ayurveda practitioners could identify the imbalance of dosha and relate the root cause of imbalance of doshas. Analysis of dosha varies from practitioner to practitioner and it requires well practiced practitioner to identify dosha. To overcome, the darshana method was adopted to automatically identify predominant dosha using facial features such as face, eyes, nose, and mouth and skin color. Computer vision and Image processing techniques were made attempted in Ayurveda domain, for identification of predominate prakriti, age, and gender of the subject. Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), Nose Aspect Ratio (NAR), Mouth Aspect Ratio (MAR) and skin color was computed based on Euclidean distance to identify on-live predomaint prakriti of an individual. The values of MAR ≤ 0.5,EAR ≤ 0.1,NAR ≤ 0.8 as identified as vata , 0.5 ≥ MAR ≤ 0.6, 0.1 ≥ EAR ≤ 0.2, 0.8 ≥ NAR ≤ 1 as identified as pitta and MAR ≥ 0.6,EAR ≥ 0.2 and NAR ≥ 1 as identified as kapha dosha. With the features MAR, EAR and NAR classification of predominant prakriti was carried out with an accuracy of 87.5% with support vector classifier.</p>

Product development and characterization of the Ayurvedic herbo-mineral-metallic compound- Hridayarnava Rasa

BackgroundHerbo-mineral-metallic formulations are an inseparable part of the Ayurveda system of traditional medicine. Hridayarnava Rasa (HR) is a preparation containing metals like copper, sulphur, and mercury in processed forms and other herbs that do not produce toxic effects and adverse drug reactions when taken in appropriate dosage. Ayurveda practitioners use it in treating cardiac diseases like hypertension, cardiotoxicity and many more. The rasa-aushadhis possess characteristics such as rapid efficacy, little dosage required, and extensive therapeutic applicability. Hridayarnava Rasa [AFI Part-1, 20:55] has been employed for the treatment of various diseases from ancient times. A systematic study of these formulations manufacturing is required to maintain their quality, safety, and efficacy is a need of time to protect the immense faith of patients in Ayurveda. ObjectivesThe present study aimed to prepare HR as per standard operating procedures mentioned in the classical text and to characterize it physio-chemically using advanced analytical techniques. Materials and MethodsHR was prepared and physicochemical analyses and assay of elements by ICP-AES were carried out as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FEG SEM, EDAX), CHNS-O analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Particle size distribution analysis (PSD) was carried out. ResultsThe XRD analysis of HR showed the presence of unreacted sulphur and sulfides of copper and mercury. FEG SEM revealed the particles in the form of aggregates as nanocrystallites in the range of 100–1000 nm. Elemental analysis showed the presence of copper, sulphur, and mercury in major, along with traces of iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. In FTIR analysis, 18 peaks were observed, which strongly suggests the presence of various organic groups. In the TGA, four peaks were seen, which can be attributed to sulphur volatilization and oxidative changes in mercury. In PSD analysis, 50% of the material was found below 16.40 μm. ConclusionTo establish a piece of fundamental knowledge and ensure uniformity of these rasa-aushadhis, it is imperative to conduct an analysis of their characteristics as per classical texts and modern analytical techniques. Additionally, it is crucial to investigate the significance of each procedural step included in the preparation process. The inferences drawn are helpful as an essential aid for quality assurance and standardization of this herbo-mineral-metallic formulation.

Vaidyaratnam P. Sankunni Varier (P.S.Varier)- A life that gave Ayurveda a modern face

Abstract This article provides an in-depth profile of Vaidyaratnam P. Sankunni Varier, also better known as P. S. Varier. He was a distinguished Ayurveda practitioner hailing from Kerala and is best remembered as the visionary founder of the Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala. The information presented here has been meticulously gathered through interviews with his grand-nephew, Dr. P. M. Varier, as well as from various published books and online sources. The contents of this profile are structured into multiple sections, offering insights into Varier’s life journey and his profound impact on the field of Ayurveda. These sections encompass an introduction, an exploration of his family’s lineage and their contributions, glimpses of his childhood, an overview of his educational qualifications, an examination of his contributions to society, a spotlight on his publications, an exploration of his enduring contributions to the Ayurvedic system, and a record of his awards and achievements.

Approach and Management Strategies for Radicular Low Back Pain in Ayurveda: The Classical and Emerging Methods

Radicular low back pain management in Ayurveda includes oral ayurveda formulations for local applications and systemicpanchakarma procedures. Several practitioners of Ayurveda are also practicing marma therapy. The lacunae in today's knowledgeare that very less clinical trial evidence can guide ayurveda practitioners in managing this complaint. Due to a lack of documentedevidence and research, these therapies and techniques are not used in mainstream management protocols in large public settings.It makes these therapies inaccessible to the general public. This study aims to review the management methods for radicular lowback pain or sciatica from published resources and to discuss its approach. For this review study, previous published research andarticles on ayurveda and low back pain, sciatica, Ghridhrasi, Katishoola, Katigraha, and Marma therapy have been searched fromstandard databases (PubMed and Science Direct) and relevant books. After a thorough search, 12 papers on standard databaseswere reviewed for this study and incorporated to build up the concept of radicular low back pain management through ayurveda.The study concluded that Ayurveda provides a holistic approach and encompasses various pharmacological and nonpharmacologicalmethods to manage pain and associated disability. Marma therapy can become long-term, cost-effective methodsto tackle this growing problem. Thus, public settings must be equipped rigorously with ayurveda therapy units for radicular lowback pain. Larger scale randomized controlled interventional trials and research needs to be done to evaluate the effect andlimitations of ayurveda therapies (ancient and emerging) for radicular low back pain and develop standard management protocols.

Exploration of therapeutic potential and evidence-based applications of Shwaskuthar Rasa: A scoping review

Abstract Shwaskuthar Rasa (SKR) is an important herbo-mineral medicine of Ayurveda that has gained recognition for its potential therapeutic effects in respiratory diseases. The formulation combines processed mercury, sulfur, Vatsanabha (Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes), Tankana (borax), Manahshila (realgar), Pippali (Piper longum L.), Shunthi (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), and Maricha (Piper nigrum L.). The drug was also listed in the Ayush guidelines for Ayurveda practitioners in the context of COVID-19. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on SKR, by systematically organizing the available literature related to its quality, efficacy, safety, and potential therapeutic benefits. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic search strategy was employed to explore relevant published literature on SKR. Online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles were searched using various combinations of keywords and Boolean operators. The online database search yielded 38 results, including 37 articles and 1 thesis. After an initial review, 27 non-duplicate records were retrieved, comprising 11 preclinical studies, 8 clinical studies, 6 review articles, and 2 case reports. The information retrieved was sorted, critically analyzed, and discussed in this review. The review found that SKR is a potent herbo-mineral drug with potential therapeutic benefits for respiratory diseases. It has been studied for its acute and chronic toxicity and its antimicrobial, antitussive, anti-allergic, and anti-asthmatic activities. The evidence suggests that SKR is a safe and effective medicine for treating asthma and related disorders.

Ayurveda Practitioner Adaptation of Variation in Service Approaches during COVID-19 Pandemic in Kathmandu, Nepal

Background: COVID-19 declared global pandemic created various impact on different aspects of life, medical fraternity and economy worldwide. With its ever changing viral features, COVID-19 then had become a real hard time challenge to the world medical fraternity in finding out the appropriate measures to control it. The whole world adopted various measures to control its spread, preventive measures against COVID-19 proved to be an effective measure to content it. Health care systems were challenged as they were potential hub for contracting COVID-19 and at the same time overwhelmed by COVID-19 patients. Health practitioners had to follow safety guidelines in order to prevent the spread, protect themselves and at the same time provide the health service to the people. The objective of the study was to identify various methodological variations adopted by Ayurveda practitioners to provide Ayurveda services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The research method adopted was a quantitative, descriptive cross sectional study. A well- developed online questionnaire was formed and circulated through Whats app, messengers and email among Ayurveda practitioners of Ayurveda Campus Teaching Hospital, Nardevi Ayurveda Hospital and National Ayurveda Research and Training Center Kirtipur. Results and Discussion: Implementation of safety protocols, adoption of sanitization methods and procedural modification in consultation and OPD based services were practiced by Ayurveda practitioners during COVID-19 in order to deliver Ayurveda Health Service. Conclusion: The continuity of OPD based services were maintained considering safety protocols, sterilization methods and modifications in delivering consultations and OPD procedures.

National Seminar on Ayurved Updates 2022 - A Satellite Seminar of 9th World Ayurveda Congress & Arogya Expo

The World Ayurveda Congress & Arogya Expo (WAC) serves as a global platform connecting Ayurveda practitioners, medicine manufacturers, enthusiasts and academicians. The 9th WAC held from 8 to 11 December 2022 in Goa.Satellite Seminars were the regional pre seminars planned to outreach public.One of satellite seminars was organised by Dr.J.J.Magdum Ayurved Medical College, Jaysingpur, Maharashtra on 12 October 2022 in collaboration with NASYA for Ayurveda enthusiasts of western region of Maharashtra on the theme ‘National Seminar on Ayurved Updates 2022’.The program was attended by 660 delegates of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa including Ayurveda students, teachers, practitioners and other health workers. Thirteen delegates participated in scientific session of paper presentation on previous day. It was successful & highly productive seminar as it touched all aim & objectives of seminar.

An Introduction to Keraliya Panchakarma – A Systematic Review

Background: Panchakarma is an ancient Ayurvedic healing system that has been practiced in India for thousands of years. It is a holistic approach to wellness that focuses on balancing the body, mind, and spirit through a combination of procedures. In Keraliya Panchakarma, the Ayurvedic scholars in Kerala have adjusted some approaches and found them to be highly efficient based on Ayurvedic principles. While the treatment principles remain rooted in the ancient textual tradition of Ayurveda, their distinctive treatment techniques have been enhanced over centuries through an intimate interaction with Keralan folk medicine. The traditional Panchakarma procedures are Vamana (therapeutic emesis), Virechana (therapeutic purgation), Basti (medicated enema), Nasya (errhine therapy), and Raktamokshana (bloodletting). Keraliya Panchakarma is a more simplified process that includes Navarakizhi, Annalepana, Pizhichil, Dhara, and Thalapotichil. Objectives: This article lists the different types of Keraliya Panchakarma in detail and further goes on to describe how and when to perform each procedure, the materials required, the benefits, the indications, and contraindications. Materials and Methods: Inclusion criteria include books that focus on Keraliya Panchakarma and its various aspects. Exclusion criteria are those studies not written in the English language, studies with inadequate methodological quality, and those that do not meet the defined objectives of the review. Discussion: A detailed description of the following five Keraliya Panchakarma procedures was collected and presented. These are Navarakizhi, Annalepana, Pizhichil, Dhara, and Thalapotichil. The conciseness and simplicity of the procedures mentioned here can be reproduced and performed by any Ayurveda practitioner with a desire to do so. Some limitations of the study may be the limited availability of high-quality studies on the topic, language differences, and differences in the interpretation of cultural practices. Conclusion: Keraliya Panchakarma is recognized to be a highly efficient treatment modality based on Ayurveda principles of Panchakarma procedures developed and perfected by the Vaidyas of Kerala and it can be adopted by Ayurveda practitioners everywhere.

Exploring the Potential to Promote Ayurvedic Tourism Post-COVID-19 Pandemic in Western Province, Sri Lanka

This study explores how the COVID-19 pandemic might influence the potential for Ayurvedic tourism in Sri Lanka. Our research primarily draws from insights provided by stakeholders. We collected data from 14 respondents, including those affiliated with the Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, Ayurveda centres, Ayurveda practitioners in the Western Province, and selected Ayurveda hotels. We utilised purposive sampling and structured interviews to gather data, which was then transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Our findings indicate that Sri Lanka possesses the essential components for the growth of Ayurvedic tourism, including attractions, readily available packages, accessibility, amenities, activities, and support services. The study also identifies challenges, such as issues related to Ayurvedic treatment, doctors, government assistance, fraud, and advertising, which may hinder the promotion of Ayurvedic travel. The report concludes with recommendations for enhancing Ayurvedic tourism, including cross-country promotion, staff training, introducing new Ayurvedic-related offerings in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and expanding government support.

KERALIYA CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT MODALITIES AND SANSARJANA KARMA FOR PEDIATRICS; SHORT REVIEW

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian System of Medicine, has been in mode from times immemorial to impart natural healing for various ailments. This system is believed to be quite safe and free from side effects as it is more close to nature. The development of Ayurveda in Kerala is particularly noted for its origins in non-brahminical traditions even before the entry of classical Ayurveda. Selected few brahmin households, named Ashtavaidyas, carried forward Ayurvedic tradition by practicing it as a health care service as well as by teaching its principles in the unique Gurukula tradition. The traditional practitioners of Ayurveda considered Ashtangahridaya as a primary text. .Ayurveda physicians in the state developed simplified procedures of therapies of Kerala without violating the fundamentals of Ayurveda. Sirodhara, Pizhichil, Chauthi thirumal, Navarakizhi, Thalapothichil, Pachakizhi and Podikizhi are some of the Kerala special Ayurvedic procedures developed in Kerala. After samshodhana, the expulsion of doshas and mala from body impression of Agni converted into manda(mildest form) type1, hence cannot tolerate the caliber of food articles. This procedure helps to boost the agni gradually and digestive power turn into more powerful and stable by tiny fire with the help of vayu (air) 2 The disease child should take complete rest for an equal period of time for which he has undergone the therapeutic procedure. Samsarjana krama is done as the disease child requires to regain the strength of dhatus and to come to normalcy. KEY WORDS – Agni, Dhathu, Keraliya treatments, Sansarjana Karma, samshodhana

Pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis of “Medhya Rasayana”: A herbal nootropic Ayurveda formulation

Abstract Background: Medhya Rasayana (MR) is a widely used polyherbal formulation containing Brahmi (Bacopa monneri Linn.), Shankhpushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), and Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Wilsld Miers.). It is being used in psychological, neurological, and developmental disorders since long by Ayurveda practitioners. The pharmacopeial standards of this formulations is not available till date. Earlier few researchers had evaluated this formulation but generating consistent data of any drug is more important to reach the final quality control (QC) parameters. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate MR through pharmacognostical, physiochemical parameters and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting in the process of establishing QC data. Materials and Methods: Preauthenticated raw drugs were procured, and MR was prepared at pharmacy, ITRA, Jamnagar. Organoleptic parameters and microscopic analysis of Churna (powder) were done at pharmacognosy department, ITRA, Jamnagar. Physiochemical analysis and HPTLC of MR were done at pharmaceutical laboratory, ITRA, Jamnagar. Result: Microscopic features of MR Churna were cross-checked with Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) standards of individual ingredients, and it was found to have characteristics of all ingredients in it. In pharmaceutical parameters, pH value was 6.7, water-soluble extract was 9.8%w/w, methanol-soluble extract was 11.64%w/w, ash value was 8.20%w/w, and loss on drying was 4.01%w/w. HPTLC at 254 and 366 nm showed 6 and 13 spots, respectively. Conclusion: This study has generated preliminary data on pharmacognostical, pharmaceutical parameters and HPTLC in addition to reviewed available data of MR Churna. This fingerprinting along with data of previous researchers can be useful for future researchers to reproduce this formulation and to establish quality control parameters of MR Churna.

Knowledge of Unani and Ayurveda Practitioners Regarding Pharmacovigilance

Background: Pharmacovigilance is concerned with public health and adverse drug reactions. The essence of pharmacovigilance is the reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). All health care professionals should have knowledge about pharmacovigilance. Objective: To assess knowledge of unani and ayurveda practitioners regarding pharmacovigilance. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 190 selected Unani and Ayurveda practitioners who graduated from Govt-Unani and Ayurvedic medical college. Purposive sampling method was applied for sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and the respondents were interviewed face to face maintaining confidentiality and privacy. Study places were Govt-Unani and Ayurvedic Medical College of Dhaka and Sylhet and Private medical chambers of Unani and Ayurveda practitioners. Results: This study revealed that out of 190 respondents 60% belonged to age group of 20-34 years and 3.7% were within the age group greater than 54 years and mean age were 34.55±7.42 years. 64.7% of the respondents were Unani practitioners and 35.3% were Ayurvedic practitioners. Regarding concept of pharmacovigilance, 22.6% of the respondents had good knowledge whereas 22.1% of the respondents had good knowledge about ADR and drug safety. Out of total 190 respondents 34.7% had good knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance, 35.8% of respondents had fair knowledge and 29.5% had poor knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance. Conclusion: This study revealed that majority of Unani and Ayurveda practitioners had fair knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance. Education and training programs are necessary to improve knowledge of Unani and Ayurveda practitioners. Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(3): 219-224