Ayurvedic Medicine Research Articles

A critical review on Snana: An Ayurvedic way of bathing

Introduction: Snana is a technique that emphasizes the connection between the body, mind, and spirit. It has its roots in Ayurvedic medicine. According to Ayurveda, the choice of water, temperature, and the manner in which one bathes can have profound effects on the Doshas that direct an individual's composition. Aim: This study aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of "Snana," the Ayurvedic practice of bathing, along with its therapeutic, ritualistic, and holistic aspects. Methodology: A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic of Snana (bathing) was done in major Ayurvedic textbooks and their available commentaries. Conclusion: Snana is important for preserving health and preventing lifestyle diseases. Therefore, to take full advantage of its benefits and preserve health, it needs to be performed as a daily regimen following its proper rules as mentioned in Ayurvedic textbooks.

Ayurvedic management of PCOS: A case study

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome is a relatively common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age group. It is found in around 70% of women who have ovulation difficulties leading to infertility. Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common metabolic and reproductive disorders among women of reproductive age. Women suffering from PCOS present with a collection of symptoms associated with menstrual dysfunction and androgen excess. PCOS women may be at increased risk of multiple morbidities, including obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, psychological disorders, and infertility. A case 24-year-old female suffering from PCOS reported was treated successfully at Ayurveda Hospital within 3 months by various Ayurveda medicine and panchakarma procedures. The improvement is evident from the regularity of the menstrual cycle and also from the ultrasonography (USG) reports.

Intervention of IT in Rog Nidan Evum Vikriti Vigyan - An Explorative Review

Introduction: Going by the trend, the Indian traditional medicine system Ayurveda is observing a paradigm shift in its growth, and in the era of technology AI (Artificial Intelligence) is one of the main factors behind it. Be it the discovery of new medicines, implementation of a new drug discovery model, getting its global acceptance through patents, or the delivery of the final product through AI equipped supply chain model system, the intervention of technology cannot be ruled out. Methodology: The literature survey was done through Google Scholar database, PubMed, and Web of Science. The dig out information about the use of IT in Medical fields and, use of technology in Ayurveda were screened for relevant studies synthesis. Result: At last, we have sorted out the areas of Rog-Nidan that need to be taken care of from a research point of view with the help of information technology. Discussion: In this research paper, an effort has been made to review the areas where technology can play its role, especially in Rog-Nidan. Additionally, the approaches that are being used in Ayurveda where it is being presented as wellness therapy and preventive care have been studied along with identifying the gaps that can be addressed with efficient use of IT-based technologies.

Piperlongumine and its derivatives against cancer: A recent update and future prospective.

Piperlongumine, or piplartine (PL), is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from Piper longum L. and a potent phytoconstituent in Indian Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine with a lot of therapeutic benefits. Apart from all of its biological activities, it demonstrates multimodal anticancer activity by targeting various cancer-associated pathways and being less toxic to normal cells. According to their structure-activity relationship (SAR), the trimethylphenyl ring (cinnamoyl core) and 5,6-dihydropyridin-2-(1H)-one (piperdine core) are responsible for the potent anticancer activity. However, it has poor intrinsic properties (low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, etc.). As a result, pharmaceutical researchers have been trying to optimise or modify the structure of PL to improve the drug-likeness profiles. The present review selected 26 eligible research articles on PL derivatives published between 2012 and 2023, followed by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) format. We have thoroughly summarised the anticancer potency, mode of action, SAR and drug chemistry of the proposed PL-derivatives against different cancer cells. Overall, SAR analyses with respect to anticancer potency and drug-ability revealed that substitution of methoxy to hydroxyl, attachment of ligustrazine and 4-hydroxycoumarin heterocyclic rings in place of phenyl rings, and attachment of heterocyclic rings like indole at the C7-C8 olefin position in native PL can help to improve anticancer activity, aqueous solubility, cell permeability, and bioavailability, making them potential leads. Hopefully, the large-scale collection and critical drug-chemistry analyses will be helpful to pharmaceutical and academic researchers in developing potential, less-toxic and cost-effective PL-derivatives that can be used against different cancers.

Case Report: The role of Panchagavya and Panchakarma treatment in the management of radiotherapy and chemotherapy side effects in infiltrative ductal carcinoma

The incidence rate of infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the breast is increasing worldwide. Chemo- and radiotherapy are commonly used after the surgical intervention for radical cure. The occurrence of various side-effects of these chemo-radiation therapies creates much discomfort to the patient. Therefore, the compliance rate of the patient towards their adoption becomes poor, or the patient is highly affected by their associated side effects in unavoidable circumstances. It is imperative to study the effect of safe, alternative options such as Panchakarma and Panchagavya treatment, which are widely used in clinical practice as an adjuvant therapy in various types of carcinoma. This report presents the case of a 31-year-old female patient diagnosed with right infiltrative ductal carcinoma of the breast, and who was advised to undergo chemo-radiation therapy after surgical intervention. However, as soon as she finished the first chemo cycle, she suffered from palpitations, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, severe restlessness, and hot flushes. She was rushed to the Kamdhenu Panchgavya Ayurvedic Clinic of Govigyan Anusandhan Kendra. Specific Panchagvya treatment, along with Mrudu Shodhana based on Ayurvedic principles, was prescribed to her (Kamdhenu Gomutra Ark, Laghusutshekhar Ras, Panchagavya Ghrita, Panchatikta Kshir Vasti, Anuvasana Vasti with Panchgavya Ghrita) throughout her total rounds of chemo- and radiotherapy. After starting the above-said Ayurvedic treatment, the patient experienced significant relief in all symptoms. Her full six sittings of chemo- and radiotherapy were smoothly completed without causing any untoward effect. The selected combination of Ayurveda medicines gave relief in all symptoms induced by chemo- and radiotherapy therapy due to their Vatanulomak, Pittghna, Dahahara, Balya and Rasayana properties. The present case study shows that the Panchakarma and Panchagavya treatments are effective in subside the side effects induced by chemo- and radiotherapy and improving the compliance rate of the patients towards these conventional therapies.

Comparative Study on the Effect of Bacopa monniera and Omega3 Fatty Acids on the Cortisol Hormone Level in Cold Stress Induced Wistar Albino Rats

In recent years, researchers have identified several natural compounds that could potentially help to retard mental stress. Extracts of Bacopa monniera (BM), a traditional ayurvedic medicine and omega3 faffy acids (OFA) have been reported to enhance effects mental functions by combating the stress. However, there is still an lacunae studies on which of those two drugs has better results on cortisol hormonal changes due to stress. The current study aimed to compare the effects of BM and omega3 fatty acids on cold stress induced Wistar rats. We divided the animals into seven groups. Group I was control in which rats were kept under ideal laboratory conditions, Group II was given cold water swim stress for a period of one month after which the rats were sacrificed for hormonal assay, Group III in which cold water swim stress given for a month followed by oral administration of normal saline as vehicle for a month, Group IV and V in which cold water swim stress given for a month followed by oral administration of BM extracts 40mg/kg and 80mg/kg respectively as treatment for a month. Group VI and VII includes cold stress followed by oral gavages of OFA 60mg/Kg of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) for 2 weeks (short-term model) and 4 weeks (long term model) respectively. After the treatment period blood was collected and cortisol assay was done. The data were compared with those of control rats. The results showed an increase in the cortisol level in the stressed group of rats when compared to the treatment group. These results indicate that oral administration of high dose of BM and long-term administration of OFA improves the cortisol level and helps in controlling the stress in rats.

Ayurvedic Medicinal Importance of Tulsi

Ayurvedic Medicinal Importance of Tulsi

Extraction and Analytical Study of Semecarpus Anacardium L. Seed Oil

Bhallataka, also known as the marking nut or dhobi nut, is a potent ingredient in Ayurvedic medicine. Despite its irritant nature, it's been used for centuries to treat a myriad of diseases. Its oil, extracted using the Patala Yantra, is a key formulation in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, is gaining global recognition for its holistic and natural approach to health. A significant part of Ayurvedic treatments are plant-based, ranging from raw plant materials to refined extracts. One such plant is Semecarpus anacardium Linn, the botanical source of Bhallataka. The plant is being traditionally used by the ancient healers in clinical practice. Apart from the clinical uses the plant was also used for marking clothes, as hair dyes and in many non-therapeutic uses as well. Bhallataka is a plant which holds much significance in Siddha and Unani system of medicine. Various studies have been conducted to understand its physical and chemical nature of the plant, in order to understand its use in therapeutic purposes. Chemical and phytochemical analysis of Bhallataka nut reveals a treasure trove of bioactive compounds- biflavonoids, phenolic compounds, bhilawanols, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. These compounds make Bhallataka effective against various diseases like arthritis, tumors, and infections. The oil of Bhallataka, extracted using the Patala Yantra method, is particularly noteworthy. This oil is an integral part of Ayurvedic pharmaceutics, and its application is referenced in various ancient texts.

Comprehensive Review of Kaphaja Yonivyapath: Etiology, Diagnosis and Management Strategies

A family's health is guaranteed by a healthy woman. Ayurveda and contemporary medicine have both discussed the idea of a healthy yoni at various stages of a woman's life, from adolescence to menopause. These days, vaginal infections are a major concern for people of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Because women have a special role of giving birth, gynecological illnesses have gained enormous relevance in the medical field. The majority of gynecological problems are included under the word "Yonivyapad," which is used in Ayurveda to refer to women's health care. Among 20 Yoni Vyapath’s Kaphaja yonivyapath is the one which is due to vitiation of Kapha, this vitiated Kapha reaches the Yoni Pradesha causes signs and symptoms like Kandu, Picchila Srava and Alpa Vedana as well as Sthanika and Sarvadaihika Kapha Prakopa Laxana. The treatment of Kaphaja Yonivyapath explained in classic as Kapha hara Dravyas and Shodhana Chikitsa mainly Vamana is indicated. This can be correlated with vulvovaginitis which is caused due to bacterial vaginosis, moniliasis and trichomans vaginalis. In this review an attempt has been made in this work to provide a conceptual analysis that covers nearly all of the Nidana, Samprapti and Chikitsa of Kaphaja Yoni Vyapad according to both Ayurveda and modern.

Impact assessment of integrated-pathy on cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients: an observational study.

Integrated-pathy aims to integrate modern medicine with traditional systems via applying the holistic approach of Ayurveda, Yoga, and natural medicine. This is important for addressing the challenges surrounding the delivery of long-term palliative care for chronic ailments including cancer. The prime intent of this study was to substantiate the underlying hypothesis behind the differential and integrative approach having a positive impact on Quality of Life of cancer patients. Cross-sectional Observational study. A standardized questionnaire was developed and used, after obtaining written informed consent from patients to assess the impact of Integrated-pathy on patients (n = 103) diagnosed with cancer receiving care at Patanjali Yoggram. The research was carried out over 8 months. All participants received a uniform treatment protocol as prescribed by Patanjali. For the sample size determination and validation, α and 1-β was calculated and for the significance of the pre- and post-treatment QoL ratings, Shapiro wilk test and other descriptive statistics techniques were explored. A total of 103 patients seeking cancer special-healthcare were interviewed, out of which 39 (37.86%) remained finally based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria with age (25-65years), types of cancers (Carcinoma and Sarcoma), chemotherapy/radiotherapy received or not, before opting Integrated-pathy. Follow-ups revealed a significant increase in the QoL (17.91%) after receiving the integrated therapy over a course of at least 1 month. Further, a significant reduction in cancer-related pain followed by an increase in QoL index was reported in the patients. Shapiro-wilk test revealed significant pairing (p < 0.001) with validation of the model using test. To bolster evidence-based backing for Integrated-pathy, there is a need for clearly delineated clinical indicators that are measurable and trackable over time. Clinical investigators are encouraged to incorporate Integrated-pathy into their proposed interventions and conduct analogous studies to yield sustained advantages in the long run.

Mechanistic insights into the hepatoprotective properties of Mallotus phillipensis fruit: Targeting proinflammatory cytokines and free radicals using isolated compound

Ethnopharmacological relevance:Mallotus phillipensis (MP) belongs to the endangered plants of great medicinal value. Widely used in the Ayurvedic healthcare system, parts of the plant which are rich in secondary metabolites are used in the treatment of several diseases like eczema, bronchitis, worm infestation, diabetes, kidney stones, cancer, and malaria. In ethnomedicine, MP has been reported to be traditionally used in the treatment and healing of jaundice and inflammatory conditions in the Ayurveda system. This plant was thus selected to explore its hepatoprotective activity. ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate the protective property of MP and a flavanone i.e. 7,4′-Dihydroxy-3′′,3′′-dimethyl-(5,6-pyrano-2′′-one)-8′′′-(3′′′,3′′′-dimethylallyl)-flavanone (A4) previously identified and obtained from the same plant on CCl4-induced liver injury in animal models to validate the folkloric claims. Traditional medicinal plants have the potential to provide phytoconstituents capable of healing liver cells. In this regard, MP is used in various traditional medicinal systems to treat several diseases. Though it has been studied for its hepatoprotective potential, activity on the isolated compounds is yet to be reported to confirm the active principle. Therefore, the study assessed the hepatoprotective effect of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and a flavanone isolated from MP fruit extract. MethodsMethanol and ethyl acetate fractions of MP fruits at two different doses (300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and a flavanone (A4-50 mg/kg) isolated from MP were tested for hepatoprotective potential in rats. At 50 mg/kg dosage/ day orally, silymarin was used as a standard drug. The effect on liver enzymes and serum cytokines was also verified in animal models. Histopathology and antioxidant tests were performed on liver tissue. Elemental analysis, 1H- &13C NMR, MS, IR and UV spectral data were used to characterize the structure of isolated flavanone (A4). ResultsThe ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of MP fruit and the isolated compound A4 i.e. flavanone showed strong hepatoprotective effects, as evidenced by their ability to impede the rise in serum transaminases. They also decreased the serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and showed significant antioxidant potential. The effect was found to be in decreasing order as MEA 500 > MPM 500 > MEA 300 > A4 > MPM 300. ConclusionsThe results indicate that MP fruit fractions with methanol, ethyl acetate and A4 can lessen CCL4-induced liver damage. This may be because of their antioxidant and cytokine-inhibitory properties.

Management of primary open-angle glaucoma with Ayurvedic medicines: A case report

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease in ophthalmology, which has a characteristic optic neuropathy along with raised Intraocular Pressure (IOP). Glaucoma results in the irreversible loss of vision and field defects due to the death of retinal ganglion cells. Despite the considerable drug development activity in glaucoma, there is a high failure rate in researches that focused on developing neuroprotective treatment options. A 65-year-old male patient, a known case of open-angle glaucoma presented in the outpatient department with complaints of the progressive painful loss of vision in both eyes with a mild headache and redness along with reports of perimetry that showed visual field defects. He was diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma with gonioscopic confirmation and history. It is characterized by the presence of pain as a distinctive symptom in conjunction with visual impairment or loss. Considering the symptomatology and after examination, the Ayurveda treatment was planned. Triphala churna, Pravala panchamruta vati, Chandraprabha vati, Amalaki churna, and Saptamrita roupya churna with Pathyadi kwatha in the morning and evening and Triphala churna with Aragvadha fanta at night before sleep were started and continued for five months. Amalaki churna with Goghrita was prescribed for another 6 months. The perimetry showed improvement in the visual fields with improvement in vision from 6/24-6/18p in the left eye and 6/60-6/36 in the right eye. This case report will give a direction to serve the purpose of neuroprotection along with control of IOP in glaucoma.

The GCMS, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of the Ayurveda oil, Balaguluchyadi Tailam

In Ayurvedic medicine, tailas made by infusing the decoctions of holistic healing herbs in sesame or coconut oil. The current study focuses on the GC MS analysis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of one such ayurvedic oil Balaguluchyadi tailam. The oil is recommended for the treatment of neuropathy, gout, arthritis, cataracts, headaches, and neuritis. Antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and the amount of chemicals present in the sample were all examined in the oil using GC-MS analysis. The oil had strong reducing power activity, and the IC50 for the DPPH assay was 389.4 l/ml. The oil also had a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Numerous bioactive chemicals were present, according to the GC-MS study which has anti-inflammatory properties for which balaguluchyadi tailam is recommended for providing instant relief from pain caused due to arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The taila is extremely helpful for retaining vata and rakta balance.

Insight into Metabolomic Profiling of Tinospora cordifolia: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Quality Control

Abstract The objective of this study was to offer a review of previous works on Tinospora cordifolia (TC) metabolomics with a highlight on the use of metabolomics in comparative evaluations between varieties and selection of optimum cultivation, collection, and extraction procedures, providing insights into pharmaceutical and food product quality monitoring. Scholarly databases were searched to gather relevant information on TC’s therapeutic usefulness, phytoconstituent studies, metabolomics, and applications. PubChem was used to learn the structures of several of the metabolites. The various medicinal properties of TC were extensively researched. The most essential portions of the plant in Ayurvedic medicines are the stems. Bioactive phytochemicals such as steroidal lactones, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and phenolic compounds are present in the roots and leaves. Metabolomic analysis revealed that, in addition to the season and geographical region of the sample collected, the metabolite profiles of TC also depend on the parts of the plant taken as a sample and also the plant’s stage of growth. The amounts of secondary metabolites differed between morpho/chemotypes within the TC species. Despite the fact that research on TC began several decades ago, the diversity of phytoconstituents was not appreciated because of a lack of reliable techniques for phytochemical fingerprinting. The uncovering of several novel metabolites was aided by advances in chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. To produce a full metabolomic profile, researchers used mutually complementary techniques. Following that, data analysis and searches against spectrum databases allowed for signal annotation and interpretation of metabolites in large quantities without separating them separately. The current review includes a critical assessment of metabolomic data and an overview of the technique’s various applications. It is vital to establish the metrics of quality control of herbal medicines in order to accomplish formulation purity assessments. Such information would assist us in determining the best geolocation for the plants and the best time to harvest them. Metabolomic investigation of TC-based herbal products is recommended for quality standards and the identification of novel bioactive components.

Efficacy of Integrated Ayurveda Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with special reference to Prameha: A Randomised controlled Trial

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked by persistent hyperglycemia, often due to insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes 90% of cases and shares similarities with Prameha, a disorder characterized by frequent urination. Aims and objectives: This study aimed to compare Integrated Ayurveda Treatment (IAT) with standard diabetic treatment for Prameha. Materials and methods: A randomized, controlled open-label trial involved 200 T2DM subjects with HbA1C above 7%, taking metformin (≥1g /day). They were assigned to Standard Dietary Treatment (SDT) or IAT. SDT comprised metformin, dietary, and lifestyle modifications, while IAT included metformin with Ayurvedic medicine, specific Ayurveda diet, and yoga. Observation and result: Observations favoured Ayurveda treatment over standard diabetes treatment for most Prameha preliminary symptoms (purvarupa). Regarding Prameha rupa (symptoms), IAT significantly outperformed than SDT. Also, Ayurveda treatment group, led to improvements in HbA1C, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, and insulin resistance parameters compared to standard treatment group. Conclusion: Integrating Madhumeha ghana vati, ayurveda diet, and yoga with standard treatment yielded positive subjective and objective outcomes for Prameha, without significant adverse events. This suggests the potential benefits of combining Ayurvedic approaches with conventional care in managing prameha.

Review of Sacred Herbal Medicine Aegle marmelos: A Potent Metastasis Inhibitor

Abstract: Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) appears to be a significantly used ayurvedic medicine. This is a brilliantly composed nutritious fruit with carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins like riboflavin, thiamine, niacin, fatty acids, and minerals. Scientific studies have proved that A. marmelos has phytochemicals: carotenoids, phenolic, alkaloids, pectins, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids and terpenoids. Recent research on the effects of A. marmelos proved its anticancer, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective activities. Extracts of various parts of plants such as leaves, bark, stems, fruits, and pulp subjected to preclinical studies conducted on cell lines showed apoptosis induction, inhibition of cell cycle and inhibition of proliferation of cells. Anti-cancer activity of A. marmelos was studied on selected cell lines of lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and leukaemia. A. marmelos reported significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in cell line studies on A549, Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma, MNU, DMBA, MCF-7, k562 cells, t-lymphoid Jurkat cells, b lymphoid Raji cells, erythroleukemic Hel cells, melanoma Colo 38 cells which supports the anticancer potential of it. Imperatorin has shown an antiproliferative effect on several cancer cell lines. The hydroethanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves showed a decrease in cell viability on A549 Human lung cancer cell line which works by fold change over control of the β-Catenin-m RNA and Wnt-mRNA expression of A549 and tumour growth suppression in DMBA induced carcinogenesis in rats. In human promyelocytic leukaemia, HL-60 cells, imperatorin from A. marmelos has caused cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis. Drugs interfere with the proliferative and survival signals that suppress the growth of K562 cells by blocking BCR-ABL1. Proper awareness, development of formulation and consumption of it make this drug scale up commercially.

Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions on application of Nagaradi Lepa - A Retrospective analysis

Introduction: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions are among the most common types of drug hypersensitivity reactions. Although considered natural and safe, Ayurveda medicines can cause adverse reactions. This article highlights the cases of cutaneous adverse drug reactions possibly due to external application of Nagaradi lepa. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, retrospective and record based study conducted by analyzing the spontaneous reported ADR forms, caused by the external application of Nagaradi lepa, collected over a period of 12 months (April 2022 to March 2023) at Peripheral Pharmacovigilance Centre, VPSV Ayurveda College Kottakkal, Kerala. Results: During the period of one year, 3 cutaneous ADRs were reported due to external application of Nagaradi lepa. All the 3 cases fall under the category of Probable according to Naranjo’s ADR Probability scale. 2 cases were mild and 1 case was moderate in severity. All the 3 cases were recovered from ADR. Conclusion: Though under reporting, we may have to consider the possibility of Ayurvedic drugs to cause adverse drug reactions. Pharmacovigilance is an ongoing and continuous process. Reporting of ADR to Pharmacovigilance centers help to generate information on ADR related Ayurvedic formulations and also to prevent its recurrence.

Investigating Bacopa monnieri L. Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases.

The popular perennial creeping plant known as Bacopa monnieri (also known as Brahmi) is being utilized in the Indian Ayurvedic medicine practice. It has a variety of bioactive phytoconstituents that have been used therapeutically to treat a number of serious illnesses. Ancient Vedic scholars used this herb because of its pharmacological effects, particularly as a nerve booster and nootropic supporter. However, it is vital to comprehend the active phytochemical components of Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) and their molecular mechanisms in order to better grasp the effect of BME on neurological illnesses and diseases. Understanding its active phytochemical constituents and their molecular processes is essential. Numerous clinical investigations indicated that BME may have neuroprotective benefits, so it is worthwhile to re-evaluate this wellknown plant. Here, we focused on neurological problems as we examined the pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics of BME. For their effective usage in neuroprotection and cognition, many clinical concerns and the synergistic potential of Bacopa extract have been investigated. Alzheimer's disease is a neurological condition caused by the production of reactive oxygen species, which also causes amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein aggregation and increases neuro-inflammation and neurotoxicity. Our review offers a more indepth molecular understanding of the neuroprotective functions of BME, which can also be connected to its therapeutic management of neurological illnesses and cognitive-improving effects.

Adverse drug reaction after application of Amapachana upanaha (~poultice application): An observation

It is the most common belief in Indians that herbal drugs are completely safe and do not produce any adverse effects. However, this belief is not always true. A case of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) after the application of an Ayurveda formulation is presented in this case report. An 82-year-old male patient, a resident of Belagavi, with a history of hypertension, presented to Ayurveda hospital with complaints of pain in bilateral knee joints for the last two months that aggravated since last week. As per Ayurveda parameters, he was diagnosed with a case of Sandhigata vata (~vitiated Vata dosha in joints; National Ayurveda Morbidity Code: AAE-16) comparable to osteoarthritis. He was admitted to the inpatient department on March 28, 2022, and after taking consent, Ayurveda treatment was started. Amapachana upanaha (~poultice application) over the bilateral knee joints was one among the treatment procedures followed in the case. On the second day of treatment (March 30, 2022), he suddenly developed reddish discoloration and the appearance of boils over the bilateral knee joint after the administration of Amapachana upanaha. The patient was managed with external application of Shatadhouta ghrita (~processed ghee) over the affected part along with internal administration of tablet Laghusootashekara vati (1600 mg) twice a day for three days for the suspected ADR. After three days of therapeutic intervention, blisters and discoloration were reduced and the patient was discharged on April 4, 2022, with internal follow-up medications for the next 15 days. This case report highlights the importance of preassessment and awareness toward the careful use of Ayurveda medicines like that of contemporary medications to address such ADRs.

Sensor Based Smart Farming for Fenugreek Farmers in Sikar Division of Rajasthan

Abstract: This study deals with the sensor based smart farming of fenugreek. Rajasthan state is among top producers of fenugreek. Fenugreek is a multiuse plant. Seeds and leaves are used commonly in household as spice whereas the plant has variety of medicinal uses. Indian medical system Ayurveda highlights its importance in treatment of disease like diabetes and cancer. The Sikar division of Rajasthan state is uprising as producer of vegetables, flowers and medicinal plants of different verities. The farmers of this area are progressive and adaptive to new technology in agriculture. Real time monitoring of soil moisture, air flow in soil and farm air temperature with remotely controlled irrigation system for high yield of fenugreek crop has been studied. This is helpful for the farmers who contributes in development of the country and are providing employment to more than half of the workforce of India.