Abscissa Axis Research Articles

An Approximate Method for Analysis of Solitary Waves in Nonlinear Elastic Materials

Two types of solitary elastic waves are considered: a longitudinal plane displacement wave (longitudinal displacements along the abscissa axis of a Cartesian coordinate system) and a radial cylindrical displacement wave (displacements in the radial direction of a cylindrical coordinate system). The basic innovation is the use of nonlinear wave equations similar in form to describe these waves and the use of the same approximate method to analyze these equations. The distortion of the wave profile described by Whittaker (plane wave) or Macdonald (cylindrical wave) functions is described theoretically

Principles of Formation of Stability of Construction Projects

The article considers the stages of formation of the concept of stability, as well as the processes and elements that make up the concept of “sustainability of construction projects”.The authors propose to consider stability of construction projects as a reliability cube, each zone of which presents a space part. And the solution of the most practical problems requires only several zones, for instance, standard, risk and crisis ones, presented in a 3D coordinate system, where the abscissa axis will characterize the engineering stability, the ordinate axis – the functional stability and the z-axis - the financial stability.This approach allows us to use well-known and convenient mathematical instruments for the calculation of the probability of location of the project stability in the i-th state.

Instability of a charged drop in Coulomb and dipole fields

The instability of the nth oscillation mode of a drop oscillating in a nonuniform electrostatic field produced by a point charge or a point dipole is studied analytically by expanding in two small parameters: the dimensionless equilibrium deformation of the drop and the ratio of the oscillation amplitude to the radius of the drop. When the charge is smaller than the Rayleigh critical value, the instability mechanism for a drop in a nonuniform electrostatic field remains the same as for an uncharged drop or for a charged drop in a uniform field. The critical value of the field parameter saturates with increasing mode number, but the asymptote that is parallel to the abscissa axis and to which the field parameter tends with increasing mode number declines as the drop’s charge grows. In the nonuniform field, the mode coupling becomes stronger, generating a set of modes even if initially only one mode is excited. As the nonuniformity of the field grows, so does the mode coupling.

Specific features of Hall measurements in doped semiconductors

The limits of applicability of the Hall method for separate determination of the impurity concentration are considered for the case of doping with only one main impurity. A diagram is constructed in the coordinate plane, with the dimensionless (because different semiconductors are used) parameter N1/3a plotted along the abscissa axis, and the degree of impurity compensation K, along the ordinate axis. The resulting curve is both a generalization of the experimental data available in publications and the result of the present study of weakly compensated Si. The curve divides the N1/3a−K plane into two parts, with the Hall method applicable for determining the impurity concentrations in part I and inapplicable in part II.

Neural representation of three-dimensional acoustic space in the human temporal lobe.

Sound localization is an important function of the human brain, but the underlying cortical mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we recorded auditory stimuli in three-dimensional space and then replayed the stimuli through earphones during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). By employing a machine learning algorithm, we successfully decoded sound location from the blood oxygenation level-dependent signals in the temporal lobe. Analysis of the data revealed that different cortical patterns were evoked by sounds from different locations. Specifically, discrimination of sound location along the abscissa axis evoked robust responses in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right mid-STG, discrimination along the elevation (EL) axis evoked robust responses in the left posterior middle temporal lobe (MTL) and right STG, and discrimination along the ordinate axis evoked robust responses in the left mid-MTL and right mid-STG. These results support a distributed representation of acoustic space in human cortex.

Instability of the nth oscillation mode of a charged droplet in the presence of a uniform electrostatic field

The stability of the nth oscillation mode of a charged droplet in the presence of a uniform electro-static field is studied using nonlinear asymptotic calculations with the aid of the expansion in terms of two small parameters (dimensionless equilibrium deformation of a droplet and the ratio of the oscillation amplitude to radius). It is demonstrated that identical effects determine the droplet instability in the presence of electrostatic field for an uncharged droplet and a droplet with a charge that is less than the critical Rayleigh charge. The critical field parameter is saturated when the mode number increases but the corresponding asymptotic level that is parallel to the abscissa axis decreases with an increase in the droplet charge.

Budgetary Policy Efficiency of Municipalities in the Field of Education

In article systematization of techniques of assessment of budgetary policy efficiency is carried out in the field of education by criterion of efficiency that allowed to come to a conclusion: their main shortcoming is relative dispassionateness from category of quality of population life. Considering provisions of the Federal law of 06.10.2003N 131-FL, the sense of existence of municipalities consists, including, in providing a worthy level of living to the population. Respectively, in work the new technique of an assessment of budgetary policy efficiency in the field of education is offered. In it as criterion of efficiency the balance of a development of education in municipality concerning costs of its implementation is allocated. At the heart of technique is offered schedule use for display of positions of the territory among regions of competitors and definition of the direction of priority shifts when budgets of territories are developing. In this case the given indicator of budget expenses on education of the territory is offered to postpone on abscissa axis, an integrated assessment of a level of education development – on ordinate axis. Having displayed on a matrix “Quality of education / Budget expenses on education” the calculated indicators it is possible to receive visual reflection of a development of education of set of analyzed regions in comparison and dynamics. Using this technique, in work it is offered to carry out an assessment of budgetary policy efficiency of municipalities. This technique is used for an assessment of budgetary policy efficiency of the largest municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan for 2007-2010.

Riemann–Schwarz Reflection Principle and Asymptotics of Modules of Rectangular Frames

We investigate asymptotic behavior of the conformal module of a doubly connected domain which is the difference of two homothetic rectangles under stretching along the abscissa axis. Thereby, we give the answer to a question of Vuorinen.

Tttplots-compare: a perl program to compare time-to-target plots or general runtime distributions of randomized algorithms

Run time distributions or time-to-target plots display on the ordinate axis the probability that an algorithm will find a solution at least as good as a given target value within a given running time, shown on the abscissa axis. Given a pair of different randomized algorithms \(A_1\) and \(A_2\), we describe a numerical method that gives the probability that \(A_1\) finds a solution at least as good as a given target value in a smaller computation time than \(A_2\), for the case where the runtimes of each of the two algorithms follow any runtime distribution. An illustrative example of a numerical application is also reported. We describe the perl program tttplots-compare, developed to compare time-to-target plots or general runtime distribution for measured CPU times of any two randomized heuristics. A listing of the perl program is given, and the program can also be downloaded from http://www.ic.uff.br/~celso/compare-tttplots.

An analytical solution to the equation of motion for the damped nonlinear pendulum

An analytical approximation of the solution to the differential equation describing the oscillations of the damped nonlinear pendulum at large angles is presented. The solution is expressed in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions by including a parameter-dependent elliptic modulus. The analytical solution is compared with the numerical solution and the agreement is found to be very good. In particular, it is found that the points of intersection with the abscissa axis of the analytical and numerical solution curves generally differ by less than 0.1%. An expression for the period of oscillation of the damped nonlinear pendulum is presented, and it is shown that the period of oscillation is dependent on time. It is established that, in general, the period is longer than that of a linearized model, asymptotically approaching the period of oscillation of a damped linear pendulum.

Properties of the Time-Optimal Feedback Control for a Pendulum-Like System

A time-optimal control problem for a pendulum-like system is considered. The system describes the dynamics of an inertial object under the action of a bounded control force and an external force which is periodic in coordinate. The terminal set consists of points on the abscissa axis of the phase plane, and the distance between two neighboring points is equal to the period of the external force. In the general case, the solution can be obtained only numerically. An estimate is found for the amplitude of the control for which the time-optimal feedback control has the simplest structure: the number of switchings is not greater than one for any initial conditions. For the estimated interval of the control constraints, we analyze the feedback control pattern.

Effect of Calibration Error on Reconstruction Accuracy of Stereovision System

This paper investigates the relation between the calibration error and reconstruction accuracy of stereovision system through simulation experiment. According to the model of a typical non-parallel stereovision system, an array of points in the common view field of the two cameras is projected onto the image plane of the left and right camera respec- tively, forming the left image and right image. After changing the calibration parameter slightly around its ground truth, the array of points is reconstructed. By comparing the reconstruction result of the points in the array with their original position, the major factors affecting reconstruction accuracy are summarized, which include the abscissa of the principal point, the component of the rotation vector along the ordinate axis, the first order radial distortion coefficient, the compo- nent of the translation vector along the abscissa axis, and the abscissa of the principal length. Especially, the abscissa of the principal point and the component of the rotation vector along the ordinate axis have prominent effect on reconstruc- tion accuracy. In the process of calibration, the error of the major factors must be controlled strictly, so that the accuracy requirement of the stereovision system can be satisfied.

The Planetary Vibroexciter with Elliptic Inner Race

We present a method determining analysis of workflow of the planetary vibroexciter, allowing by constructing three-dimensional graphs obtained in MathCAD, combine several line graphs in one. Improves the availability the results of theoretical analysis, the influence of the main parameters of the vibroexciter on its dynamic characteristics. The use of a planetary vibroexciter with elliptic inner race gives substantial advantage in generated driving force against an analog vibroexciter, equipped with a round inner race with the same dimensions and initial parameters. Selecting the mode of setting the spider axis of a planetary vibroexciter in one of focal points of elliptic inner race leads to the increase of generated driving force, 2.2 times on abscissa axis and 2.4 times on ordinate axis, against the central position of the spider axis. This proves the effectiveness of the elliptic planetary vibroexciter use. 1.6 times increase of focal length results in directly proportional increase of driving force projection on ordinate axis, and 2.1 times increase of driving force projection on abscissa axis.

Thermal Denaturation and Aggregation Assays in Analytical Biochemistry

The screening systems based on the registration of the increment of the light scattering intensity on heating of the protein solution at a constant rate are of special interest. It is evident that such test systems are applicable for searching the compounds specifically interacting with the proteins and for the rough estimate of the stability of the complexes protein-agent under test. Many investigators have restricted themselves to such an aspect of using of the screening systems. However one should take into account that the agents under study may affect not only the stage of protein denaturation but also the stage of aggregation of denatured molecules. In such cases the interpretation of the obtained results becomes complicated and the additional experiments should be performed to elucidate what stage of the general process of aggregation (stage denaturation or stage of aggregation) is affected by the agent under test. It is significant that, if for the screening systems, which are based on registration of excess heat capacity, fluorescence or ellipticity of the protein, aggregation is a factor complicating the interpretation of the results, for the screening systems based on registration of the light scattering intensity the investigator will have a chance of testing compounds that exert its action exclusively on the stage of protein aggregation. The case in point is an array of protein chaperones and low-molecular-weight chemical chaperones. First of all, consider the principles of analysis of the dependences of the light scattering intensity on temperature for the screening systems in which the protein undergoes denaturation on heating at a constant rate. When studying aggregation of interleukin-1β and its mutant forms, Wetzel with coworkers (40,41) used aggregation temperature (T agg ) to characterize the dependences of the light scattering intensity (I) on temperature (T). Parameter T agg was defined as a length cut off on the abscissa axis by continuation of the linear part of the dependence of I on T (Figure 1A). The advantage of this approach is that only one parameter is used for characterization of the propensity of the protein to aggregation, namely parameter T agg . There is a correlation between parameter T agg characterizing thermal stability of sequence variants of

Dispersal curve properties in the time minimization problem for a second-order nonlinear system

We consider the time minimization problem for a nonlinear mechanical system with one degree of freedom. The system describes the dynamics of an inertial object under the action of a linear bounded control force and a given disturbance force that is periodic in the coordinate. The terminal set consists of points located on the abscissa axis of the phase plane; here, the distance between two adjacent points is equal to the period of the disturbance force in coordinate. We investigate properties of the dispersal curve on the phase cylinder when the magnitude of the control force is sufficiently large.

Research on connection force in stems of rapeseed plant

In order to reduce the loss rate and impurity rate of rapeseed during the mechanical harvesting process,Xiangzayou 1613,developed by Oilseed Crop Research Institute of Hunan Agricultural University,was used to measure the connection stress between the main stem and the branches,the stem and the pods 10 d before harvest,and the effects of growth time and position on the stress.The results showed that the connection stress between the main stem and branches ranged from 4.154 N/mm2 to 9.156 N/mm2,between the main stem and the pods ranged from 6.747 N/mm2 to15.821N/mm2,and between the pod and branches of different orders ranged from 4.842 N/mm2 to 15.400 N/mm2.On the main stem,the connection stress between the pods and the first and second branches displayed a marked decline along the plant growing direction,but the decline between the pods and the third branch was not obvious.In the plant growing direction(the abscissa axis),the connection stress between the main stem and the pods declined significantly.In the mature period,there was no change in the connection stress between the pods and the main stem or the branches of different orders.

Dispersal Curve Properties in the Time-Optimal Control Problem for a Second-Order Nonlinear System

We consider the time-optimal control problem for a nonlinear mechanical system with one degree of freedom. The system describes the dynamics of an inertial object under the action of a bounded control force and a given disturbance force that is periodic in the coordinate. The terminal set consists of points located on the abscissa axis of the phase plane; here, the distance between two adjacent points is equal to the period of the disturbance force in coordinate. We investigate properties of the dispersal curve on the phase cylinder when the magnitude of the control force is sufficiently large.

Studi Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran Alat Teodolit Digital dan Manual: Studi Kasus Pemetaan Situasi Kampus Kijang

Ground measurement helps illustrate a situation of land map to ease a civil engineer determining the center point of a building. From the situation map can determined the further works such as determining the point of building, land leveling, determining the point of the foundation and the volume of work for hoarding the land. A tool used for measurement activities is theodolite. Theodolite serves as a tool to determine the angle formed between the two points at the time of measurement. Drawing a situation map requires the results of the point measurement data. Theodolite is divided into two types, digital and manual. This study compares measurements results using both digital and manual theodolite performed at Kijang Campus, Binus University. From the comparison of data processing generated large differences in the coordinate system on the situation map with ranging from 1.31% to 322.67% on the abscissa axis and 0.39% to 41.83% on the ordinate axis.

Application of Error Design Idea to Deal with the Shafting Error of Photoelectric Theodolite

The method to deal with the Shafting Error of photoelectric theodolite was designed according to the error design idea. The effect law between azimuth angle measure error of photoelectric theodolite and shafting error was studied based on MATLAB, and the simulating result reveals that the affect to azimuth angle measure error by each of the three-axis error was separately, and the final affect result can be account by adding each of the result, and the affect by collimation axis error and abscissa axis slop error can be eliminated by the normal-reversed measure method. According to the result above, the method for amending the azimuth angle measure error of photoelectric theodolite was proposed, and the Matlab simulating result proved the method is feasible.

A continuity theorem in the ruin problem

For a random walk, we prove a continuity theorem for the exit time from a strip containing the abscissa axis, including the case of the exit time from a strip through an a priori chosen boundary. In particular, we compute the ruin probabilities for two classes of centered distributions.