Axiological Theory Research Articles

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ «ЦІННІСТЬ»: ДО ІСТОРІОГРАФІЇ ПРОБЛЕМИ

The article analyzes the approaches to the definition of the value category in the humanitarian discourse. The genesis of axiological ideas is traced and the following peculiarities of their development are acknowledged: an indirect study of value problems without distinguishing and defining the value category within the two main groups of concepts regarding the understanding of the nature of values: objectivistic and subjectivist; the development of the axiological theory, determined by changes in the socio-political life, the development of philosophy, which, having gone beyond the ontological and epistemological concepts, shifted the angle of view to the relation of the subject to the object, which eventually led to its own awareness as a value; an attempt to re-evaluate the values by filling them with irrational-existential content.

Teoria Axiológica de Comunhão: a construção social de recursos constitutivos da gestão de empresas de Economia de Comunhão

Resumo Esta pesquisa visou a elaborar uma Grounded Theory para explicar como são socialmente construídos os recursos que constituem a gestão de empresas de Economia de Comunhão (EdC). Para abordar o problema, foi usada a Resource-Based View (RBV) como mecanismo de sensibilização teórica e foi desenvolvida uma Grounded Theory. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas e análise documental. Para a análise foram realizadas codificações aberta, axial e seletiva e amostragens teóricas, em processo concomitante e recursivo. Como resultado, emergiram sete categorias, que, relacionadas entre si e com a categoria central, deram origem à Teoria Axiológica de Comunhão, propondo que a influência axiológica dos empresários e a cultura de comunhão são os elementos determinantes para a construção social dos recursos que constituem a gestão de empresas baseada na EdC.

An axiological model of the relationship between consciousness and value

Abstract There is a long tradition in both philosophy and psychology that views consciousness as the sine qua non of value. The author draws upon axiological theory to explore how consciousness is related to value and argues that because of this relationship, psychology is, to a large extent, an inquiry into values. The author articulates 14 modes of our conscious life and shows how these modes provide the basis for a cartography of values. In taking our conscious life as its subject matter psychology inevitably both studies values and enters into normative, axiological judgments. However, while psychology studies values, meanings, and their interactions, and makes normative judgments regarding the actualization of values in individuals, psychology can no more dictate the hierarchy or arrangement of values and meanings than chemistry can dictate how elements should be compounded.

Moralne zło choroby.

Artykuł dotyczy dość mało popularnych, aksjologicznych teorii choroby. Autor opisuje cztery drogi, które mogą doprowadzić do uznania choroby za moralne zło. Wśród tych dróg, reprezentowanych przez różnych autorów, znajdują się: droga fenomenologiczna, kantowska, psychiatryczna i quasi-historyczna. Po zaprezentowaniu ich głównych cech i inspiracji, artykuł rozważa pewne obiekcje, które można im stawiać oraz stara się wskazać możliwe rozwiązania. W podsumowaniu autor umiejscawia aksjologiczne teorie choroby na ogólnej mapie bioetyki.

Happiness at Work: Organizational Values and Person-Organization Fit Impact

Despite the large quantity of research on person-organization (PO) fit, there is a lack of empirical research using axiological theories applicable to the value structure at the individual and organizational levels. In this study, we incorporated the PO fit literature, Schwartz’ values theory and Warr’s vitamin analogy to evaluate the effect of values’ PO fit on happiness at work. Using a sample of 145 questionnaires collected in a military organization, data analyses were performed using hierarchical quadratic regressions and surface analysis of polynomial regressions, conducted at an individual level. Individual values moderated the curvilinear relationship between organizational values and happiness at work (R2 = .25; p < .01). Additionally, agreement between higher levels of values promoted higher levels of happiness at work (.07 ≥ R2 ≤ .18; p < .05). We concluded that axiological PO fit affects happiness at work and provide empirical support for Warr’s vitamin analogy.

Explication of the Methodological Difficulties of Modern Axiology

The authors focus on the group of methodological difficulties of axiology, due to its specific multifaceted subject. One of the major difficulties in the study of values is that there is no unity in the understanding of the essence of in science. Axiological theories that exist within different philosophical and cultural philosophy of teachings represent a diversity of opinions, conclusions, decisions and methodological approaches. There are several different approaches of consideration of the category of value, covering different spheres of social life in axiology, in values the elements of the sub-categories and subcategories are distinguished. Methodological pluralism in interpretation and typology of values are analyzing. Theoretical foundations of axiology are formed as a response to two major challenges: existential status of values and their relationship to the facts of reality. The response to these challenges in axiology was pluralization of ways of philosophizing, which is expressed in the generation of a variety of axiologically oriented traditions, based on its own research methodology and leading to the existence of a number of methodological inconsistencies. According to the results of the analysis, the authors concluded that the difficulties of methodological nature, reflecting the diversity of its subject matter, are manifested in the increasing expansion of the research field of axiology, in the unresolved range of the fundamental problems in the axiology in the existing diversity of theories, values and definitions of the concept of value itself and etc., this methodological situation requires a rethinking of the methodology and axiology. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s1p477

LA AXIOLOGÍA JURÍDICA SEGÚN JORGE MILLAS

In this paper, we try to expose the fundamental ideas at the basis of Jorge Millas’ axiology. First, we will expose synoptically the core of the legal philosophy that the Chilean thinker develops on his works on the subject, including his conception about philosophy in general (§1), and about legal science in particular (§2). Secondly, we will expose the epistemological suppositions of his legal philosophy (§3), and his consequent conception of law’s essence (§4), the legal rule (§5) and its foundation, and the axiological theory that Millas develops on the basis of the distinction and relationship between “is” and “ought” (§6). We conclude with a critical analysis that pretends to expose the strengths and weaknesses of the legal theory of this Chilean author (§§ 7 and 8).

LA FILOSOFÍA JURÍDICA DE MILLAS: NATURALEZA Y FINES DEL DERECHO

The work presented below relates broadly the legal thought of Jorge Millas. It explains the philosophical theory of Millas regarding his theory of law and, particular, his conception of the relations between law and morality. Finally, it is explored the axiological theory of law and shows the merits, scope and limits of legal thought in genere.

LEXICAL PRIORITY AND THE PROBLEM OF RISK

AbstractSome theories of practical reasons incorporate a lexical priority structure, according to which some practical reasons have infinitely greater weight than others. This includes absolute deontological theories and axiological theories that take some goods to be categorically superior to others. These theories face problems involving cases in which there is a non‐extreme probability that a given reason applies. In view of such cases, lexical‐priority theories are in danger of becoming irrelevant to decision‐making, becoming absurdly demanding, or generating paradoxical cases in which each of a pair of actions is permissible yet the pair is impermissible.

MORAL AND EPISTEMIC OPEN‐QUESTION ARGUMENTS

MORAL AND EPISTEMIC OPEN‐QUESTION ARGUMENTS

Os princípios constitucionais entre deontologia e axiologia: pressupostos para uma teoria hermenêutica democrática

O artigo tem por propósito discutir a natureza dos princípios constitucionais a partir de duas teorias hermenêuticas distintas: a axiologia e a deontologia. A perspectiva axiológica é descrita a partir da teoria dos princípios delineada por Robert Alexy em sua Teoria dos direitos fundamentais e criticada por ser incapaz de lidar democraticamente com o fato do pluralismo, isto é, com a circunstância de que as sociedades contemporâneas não se estruturam em torno de valores éticos compartilhados intersubjetivamente por todos os cidadãos. Como alternativa a esse modelo, sugere-se, a partir das obras de John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin e Jürgen Habermas, que a adoção de uma perspectiva deontológica, que assume a distinção entre princípios e valores, supera as dificuldades da teoria axiológica. Ao assumir como premissa central a possibilidade de legitimação do direito a partir de princípios justificados a partir de critérios aceitáveis por todos os cidadãos, uma teoria deontológica dos princípios se torna capaz de lidar com a pluralidade de concepções de bem presentes nas sociedades contemporâneas. Nesse sentido, o artigo se situa no campo de estudos próprio da teoria da Constituição.

An axiological systems theory: some basic hypotheses

AbstractSocial systems, from global societies to small organizations, are made up of human beings. Acknowledgement of this fact has important epistemological implications, since, contrary to some theoretical formulations e.g., the ‘society without men’ of N. Luhmann, only by regarding human beings as the crucial element of any type of society is it possible to perceive their needs and therefore the values supposedly intended to satisfy them. The ‘need/value’ binomial thereby becomes the essential prime material of sociological analysis. Both NEEDS as a factor of motivation and VALUES as a factor of satisfaction can be operationalized and quantified to depict the principal achievements of complex social organizations, their deviation from predetermined standards and the extent to which they ultimately adapt to the environment. Standardized and therefore comparable axiological profiles comprise a tool that can be generally applied to establish a preliminary measure of the degree of overall organizational efficiency. The concept of organization is taken here in its broader sense and is appilcable to any type of society organized so as to achieve certain goals. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Rights Based Paretianism

An ethical theory is axiological just in case it makes the permissibility of actions depend solely on considerations of goodness. Act utilitarianism is the paradigm axiological theory. An ethical theory is a pure rights theory just in case it judges an action permissible if and only if it violates no one’s rights. Libertarianism is a paradigm pure rights theory. I shall formulate and defend a type of axiological theory that, unlike act utilitarianism, is sensitive in a new and interesting way to whether rights are violated.Let us start by briefly considering the strengths and weakness of act utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism judges an action permissible just in case it maximizes social (e.g., total or average) welfare. It has many attractive features. It is a clearly formulated theory that draws on the machinery of decision theory. It takes a tough minded approach to morality: always focusing on the outcomes of actions. And it takes human welfare very seriously. The axiological theory I shall defend will have all these features.

Carlyle, Marx & the ILP: Alternative Routes to Socialism

There are striking similarities as well as differences between how Carlyle and Marx viewed the industrial revolution and capitalism. Jonathan Mendilow argues here that their differences result from their opposite modes of analysis: materialism in the case of Marx and, for Carlyle, an axiological theory which posits that social relations, and our interpretations of them, are determined by ethical values which, in turn, are conditioned by the modes of communication in society. The similarities and differences between Carlyle and Marx both contributed to the distinctness of British socialism as represented in the thought of the founders of the Independent Labour Party.

Marxism and the Problem of Values: An Approach (1)

The problem of the development of a Marxist-Leninist theory of value, and the need for a precise and rigorously scientific definition of the subject matter to be investigated, its conceptual apparatus and individual categories, and the determination of the place of these categories in the system of scientific knowledge, are matters which present themselves in connection with a number of pressing problems now engaging the attention of many Marxist philosophers. By no means of least importance in this regard is the fact that these questions occupy a very prominent place in contemporary bourgeois philosophical and sociological literature. The various bourgeois axiological theories that now exist, which include not only "value concepts" (theoretical systems) but "value approaches" (questions in the methodology of investigation), deal with a large range of social problems - political, economic, socio-psychological, ethical, esthetic, religious, and others. These problems are distorted by bourgeois ideologists in idealist fashion, while their interpretation increasingly acquires an anticommunist tone, and continues to exert a stultifying influence on millions of philosophically unsophisticated persons in capitalist countries.