Axiological Problems Research Articles

Аксиологические проблемы образования в современной науке

Introduction. Modern Russian society is faced with serious challenges and threats that require the rethinking of values based on traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. This situation actualizes the need to analyze the axiological problems of education, the solution of which could have a significant impact on the preservation of Russia’s spiritual security, because education has a key impact on the process of formation and development of personality. Theoretical analysis. Modern educational activity is faced with a number of problems that have axiological grounds: the lack of a unified and clear system of values in the field of education, insufficient attention to the moral and ethical aspects of education, the problem of humanization of education. Conclusion. The solution to these problems can be found in the development of an axiological theory, which contributes to the formation of a worldview based on the recognition of the value of a person as a personality, as well as education based on the principles of priority of universal values, human life and health, and free personal development. It is necessary to conceptually rethink the education system, taking into account the priority of traditional spiritual and moral values inherent in the Russian culture of society.

EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: AXIOLOGICAL STUDY

Education in the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents new challenges in the axiological aspect, namely the moral and ethical values related to the use of AI technology in the learning process. This article aims to conduct an axiological study of education in the era of artificial intelligence with a focus on understanding the values that emerge along with the development of AI technology and their implications in the educational context. The research approach used is literature analysis to explore understanding of the use of AI in education and its implications for moral and ethical values. The results of the study show that the use of AI technology can provide significant benefits in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of learning, but also raises several axiological problems. This research is qualitative research involving literature analysis, the data obtained will be processed thematically. In its conclusion, this article emphasizes the need to develop axiological awareness in education in the era of artificial intelligence. By paying attention to moral and ethical values, education can be an effective forum for developing a generation that is technologically intelligent and has a strong axiological awareness. This effort needs to be supported by critical thinking, reflection, and collaboration between educators, stakeholders and related parties to ensure that the application of AI technology in education runs ethically and responsibly.

On the Epistemological Foundations and Issues of the Modern Legal Understanding Doctrine

This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis and understanding of existing epistemological approaches to the study of legal understanding. The paper reveals modern doctrinal concepts in relation to the definition of the category “legal understanding”, its ontological, axiological and problematic aspects, provides and critically analyzes some methodological approaches to the organization of the content of the legal understanding doctrine. In particular, the author focuses on the theoretical characteristics of such ontological categories of legal understanding as the essence and definition of the concept of law, considered as its internal content and complete (idealized) form, their axiological problem and epistemological positioning in the structure of modern legal knowledge. From the standpoint of general scientific methods and requirements, the idea of the inadmissibility of ignoring the objective system- and structure-forming properties of these ontological categories, their universal (global) significance and the need to exclude their multivariance (multiplicity) is substantiated.It is concluded that the theory of legal understanding represents the fundamental direction of legal science for developing reliable, objective, and substantiated knowledge about the essence and understanding of law. The theory of legal understanding should be determined by specific (strict) requirements of scientific rationality, such as finding objective laws of change and development of law, establishing its essence, creating an idealized theoretical construct (concept definition) of law, and development of scientific foresight and forecasting of the future of law, etc.

THE PROBLEM OF THE VALUE SYSTEM AND THE VALUATION CATEGORY IN THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT

The value theory, which was formed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, emphasises that evaluation establishes value relations between the subject and the object and leads to different approaches in linguistic philosophical systems. In view of this, the article aims to analyse the emergence and formation of the value system and the valuation category in the history of Ukrainian linguistic and philosophical thought. The object of study is the main works of Ukrainian thinkers and philosophers from the Kyivan Rus period to the nineteenth and first third of the twentieth century, which deal with linguistic axiological problems. The subject of the article is an analysis of the contribution of Ukrainian philosophers to the theory of the value system. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of linguists in the origins of problems related to the nature of the relationship between language and the world around us, with human consciousness and thought. It is emphasised that axiological concepts (system of values, evaluation) were at the centre of Ukrainian philosophical thought, occupying a leading place in the works of thinkers and philosophers such as Metropolitan Hilarion, I. Vyshensky, H. Skovoroda, I. Franko, P. Yurkevych, O. Potebnia, and D. Chyzhevsky. The focus of the research is on the concept of value system and evaluation categories, which are reflected in language structures according to the value parameters of the objective world (good/bad, positive/negative, own/other, etc.). Prospects for further research are seen in the study of the valuation category in the linguistic and pragmatic and linguistic and cultural aspects.

LANGUAGE ECOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY TRANSLATOR’S DISCOURSE

The paper considers the axiological problems of postmodern translator’s discourse in the aspect of the ecology of language. The object of the study is the contemporary translator’s discourse, its subject is the changes in the axiological linguistic scale of this discourse in the postmodern paradigm, reflected in the language (the “text lifting” strategy). The material under consideration is the contemporary translations of the English literary texts into Russian. The paper aims at the revealing of the contemporary translation discourse axiological constants and their linguistic ecology status in the contemporary translator’s discourse, including the situations of political correctness. The linguistic ecology problems of the postmodern translator’s discourse are connected, firstly, with the contemporary global and democratic tendency to transfer the authenticity of the source text, its style and lexis, and secondly, with a decrease in the standards of translation ethics and aesthetics. Translation ethics in such situations is often subordinated to postmodern anti-aesthetics, which challenges the basic principles of the classical Soviet translation tradition.

ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ (ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ) АСПЕКТ ТВОРЧОСТІ

The article proposes a theorization of the phenomenon of creativity in its philosophical, social, aesthetic and psychological dimensions. Creativity as an epistemological and axiological problem is described by a significant number of researchers and scientists in various fields. At the same time, its ontological dimension remains the prerogative of psychological research, neglecting the social dimension and the meaning of creativity for the individual and humanity as a whole. The proposed analysis allows tracing the various essences and manifestations of creativity for a person and society. Questions about the essence of the concept of "creativity" were studied by many scientists in such fields of knowledge as philosophy, psychology, aesthetics, sociology, etc. This concept has a rather weighty historical aspect of consideration – from Plato to the present day, thinkers have been interested in the question of the inner urges and incentives of a person. But regardless of the signs that stood out for centuries and outlined, shaped this phenomenon, the XXI century brings its corrections, synthesizing phenomena and looking for new approaches to their study. Now, when we talk about creativity, we often stray far from its functional and cultural-artistic significance, we try to reflect it in modern political and scientific-technical processes, or in a radically new, free-thinking, freedom-loving and/or performative aspect. That is why the purpose of the research is to theorize the phenomenon of creativity in the context of modernity. When theorizing creativity, researchers use such concepts as novelty, creating something new, objectification of acquired and/or unconscious experience, catharsis, going beyond the ordinary, loneliness, rejection by society, criticism, challenge, dialogicity, performativity, etc. All these analogies allow us to understand the essence of the phenomenon in a collective and individual dimension. Moreover, centuries of rethinking creativity make it possible to understand and predict the benefits of creativity. However, the entire body of research cannot answer the question of the essentiality of the creator, his alienation from society and from his own creation. Moreover, creativity evolves along with Man, and at the time of expanding the capabilities of AI, it is difficult for us to predict this process.

МИРОВОЗЗРЕНЧЕСКИЕ КОМПОНЕНТЫ МОДЕЛИ «ПЕНТАБАЗИСА» В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ РОССИИ

The article examines the axiological problems of choosing the civilizational path of development of modern Russia, identifies the causes and problems of the emerging ideological crisis, analyzes the ideological components of the "Pentabasis" model proposed within the framework of the "DNA of Russia" project. According to the results of the study, it is proposed to use humanistic values to form the worldview of young people within the framework of modern educational policy. The use of the ideological components of "Pentabasis" in educational practice will contribute to the formation of patriotism and citizenship among students, as one of the most socially active part of Russian society.

On the Problem of philosophical understanding of virtual reality

The article provides a philosophical and historical analysis of the phenomenon of virtual reality from the standpoint of socio-cultural typology; an attempt is made to identify the specifics of the functioning of alienated reality, to show trends, changes and their features. The features of the philosophical reflection of G. Anders and J. Baudrillard in their relation to the otherness of virtual reality are considered. The article focuses on the identification and reflection of the forms of human alienation in virtual reality. The author of the article pointed out the problems and factors of the loss of individuality, the dominance of virtual communication, and the simplification of personal life. Through the methodological distinction between the concepts of “knowledge” and “information”, the position of the author of the article is presented, according to which the perception of information by a modern person is a phenomenon that is distinguished by ambiguity, reality, specificity of manifestations and is fixed in the concept of “information reality”. The article provides a brief methodological review of the ontological, epistemological, axiological problems of this new kind of reality from the standpoint of philosophy. The scientific position of the author of the article, according to some conclusions, is consistent with post-non-classical philosophy: the recognition of the idea of virtual existence and virtual reality as a special type of worldview, a new reality.

El problema ético y axiológico en el primer Wittgenstein, según Augusto Salazar Bondy

This article aims to identify the ethical and axiological problem in early Wittgenstein. This research topic has already been worked by Augusto Salazar Bondy in his book Para una filosofía del valor (2010). We will begin by describing some basic concepts of the Tractatus logico-philosophicus. For example, what is a thing, a state of a thing and a fact. In addition, the concept of the meaning of facts, the function of logic as a principle of figuration and Wittgenstenian transcendentality. For the author of the Tractatus, facts lack any sense other than the sense of being the disposition of things among themselves. Therefore, any other sense that is predicated of facts must reside outside the world. That other sense of facts is ethical statements. On the other hand, according to Wittgenstein, logic is transcendental; since it is not possible to identify it within the world of facts. But ethics is also transcendental, because by means of it we assert moral and aesthetic judgments. These statements are not propositions, since they are neither true nor false. However, such statements affect the subject and the meaning of the facts of the world.

The Motive of Discrepancy in Hryhorii Skovoroda’s Works

The article explores the discrepancy of the form and the content as a philosophical, moral and axiological problem in the works of Hryhorii Skovoroda. Using the phenomenological reading and structural analysis, the author investigates the interaction between the form and the content in treatises, soliloquies, poems, and letters of Skovoroda. The intellectual and aesthetic background of the Baroque epoch to a large extent explains why this motive of discrepancy occupies a prominent place among the writings of the Ukrainian philosopher. The article analyzes the main plots, in which the discrepancy is revealed: vocation against non-congenial work; a real friend and a flunkey; the truth and a false thing; and the heavenly and an earthly city. After considering all these aspects and other crucial issues, it is concluded what makes the problem of discrepancy an invariant motive in the works of Hryhorii Skovoroda.

The labor axiological problem in the technological unemployment context

The article deals with axiological problems caused by technological unemployment. For this purpose, the formation of the assumption that labor is a value is considered. Methodologically the research is based on M. Heideggers work "European Nihilism". The formation of labor is analyzed as the modern period value. The work ethic that emerged at that time inculcated a moral attitude positing that hard work should be valued, and a human is obliged to be committed to work. In postmodernity, a person's life is increasingly structured around self-realization in a competitive environment, and work becomes the main way to achieve this goal. The meaning of "postmodernity" concept is revealed. Within the context of this work, postmodernity will be defined as a transformational period of the personal work identification. The question under investigation is whether labor has remained valuable in postmodernity. The problem under consideration is the axiological problem of identifying a person and his values through work. Also the second axiological problem has been identified: the assumption of new value orientations in the professional life. It is assumed that a new principle of the work value is being formated. This principle can be established only through new knowledge about the essence of values and their evaluation conditions. This requires a higher personal awareness, which will help to reevaluate values and put new ones, then the former axiological aspects will be deposed and new ones will be formed. The basis of the value-setting new principle can be social focus, humanism, creative self-realization for the good of society.

Axiological guidelines for studying the problems of teacher training at higher education institutions in dissertations on pedagogy

Introduction. The future result of the upbringing of the younger generation and, accordingly, the future of our country depend on the values and attitudes to the profession, and value orientations of graduates of pedagogical universities. The article presents the analysis of the problem of axiologization of teacher training at university in the context of reforming teacher education. The importance of the study of this problem in the methodological context is due to the need for methodological reflection of existing scientific developments in order to identify axiological guidelines for teacher training at university in the context of the requirements of the axiological approach methodology. Materials and Methods. The study presents the analysis of 125 dissertation abstracts on pedagogy, with the total number of 8400 abstracts [electronic library of dissertations and abstracts on disserCat – www.dissercat.com ; scientific library "Science / Pedagogy" – www.nauka-pedagogika.com ); the dissertation themes include axiological problems of training future teachersat university for the period of 1990-2022. The undertaken research was carried out on the basis of the axiological approach methodology, its main functions and methods. There are 2 aspects of the study and analysis of research materials: research issues and research methods. Results. Tendencies in the choice of research issues and the quality of using the axiological approach methods have been revealed. The specifics of the research devoted to axiological problems of teacher training at university at various stages of reformation of the teacher education system have been discussed. The perspectives of axiologization of pedagogical education have been formulated. Discussion and Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, it has been concluded that there is a significant theoretical and methodological basis for the axiologization of the educational process and educational activities in universities training modern teachers. There are two types of problems that need to be addressed: problems of implementation of the axiological approach in pedagogy, associated with the need to understand the essence, role and significance of the axiological approach, its main concepts, content and mechanisms of its implementation; problems of axiologization of pedagogical education in applied research.

LIFESUCCESSAS A VALUE OF PERSONAL EXISTENCE

The article is devoted to the issue oflife success as axiological problem of personal existence.The accent has been made on the definition of worldview as a generalized system of a personality’s views on the world, on its place in it, as well as on the meaning of its own life and activity, which organizes reality and reflects the theoretical and empirical experience of an individual.The basis of a person’s worldview is the system of life-meaningful values such as Peace, Happiness, Good and Evil, the Purpose and Meaning of being, Glory and Prosperity, Creativity, Freedom, Humanism, Individualism, Justice, etc. It has been stressed that the most important axiological dominant and at the same time the motivation for self-development of an individual in modern cultural context is life success.It has been concluded thatlife success appears as a complex and multilevel ideological and sociocultural phenomenon characterized by internal unity and dialectical inconsistency. On the one hand, success is a characteristic and indicators of a person’s experience of the results of its own actions and efforts for self-development. On the other hand, it is an indicator of the originality of personal position in society.Key words: Values, Personal Existence, Personal Development, Worldview, Success.

Formation of professional and value orientations of the future teacher of technologies during a pedagogical practice

The actualization of scientists' attention to the axiological problems of education is connected with the understanding that positive changes in society indirectly depend on the same changes in the education system. The main criterion of these changes in education is the training of future teachers from the standpoint of awareness of the realities of the modern world. The value orientations of the individual are diverse and depend, on the one hand, on the content of the values, chosen by the individual, on the other – on the degree of assimilation of these values. Universal values are at the heart of the value orientations of the individual, and a future teacher, as a representative of society, must have an appropriate orientation to them. After all, a special role in the general system of professional training of future teachers is given to pedagogical practice, because, as we know, the most successful formation of the personality of the specialist occurs in activities close to her/his future profession. Therefore, today the most important task of teaching and extracurricular in higher education is the formation of a system of value orientations of the future teacher; this will create a basis for enriching the inner spiritual potential of applicants in the higher education system. The purpose of the article is the process of formation of professional and value orientations of future teachers of technology during a pedagogical practice. The research methods. In the course of the research general scientific and pedagogical research methods were used: theoretical: analysis (comparative, systemic, inductive, deductive); synthesis (general scientific, interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary); classification, systematization, generalization; empirical: studying the results of students' activities by analyzing student documentation on pedagogical practice. The results and discussion. The process of formation of professional and value orientations of future teachers in the conditions of their psychological and pedagogical training is considered. At the same time, such an aspect of professional and practical training of future specialists as the importance of the pedagogical practice influence on the process of formation of their professional and value orientations is insufficiently studied. The essence of pedagogical practice is the application by students of psychological-pedagogical and special-methodical theoretical knowledge in the real conditions of the educational process and extracurricular and mastering the methods of professional and pedagogical activities on this basis. Practical training includes all types of practices and is an integral part of the training of future technology teachers. The practical component of the educational process in higher education, namely the specialty «Secondary Education (Labor Education and Technology)», is carried out on a thorough theoretical basis, which in turn consists of psychological and pedagogical, methodological and special disciplines. Conclusions. It was found that an important condition for the professional development of future teachers of technology is the formation of values in teaching, and changes in the value orientations of student youth require revision and introduction of new forms and methods of work in higher education. The essence of the concept of «pedagogical practice» as a component of professional training of future teachers, which complements and enriches the theoretical training of applicants, creates opportunities for consolidation and deepening of knowledge, use of theoretical principles of professional disciplines to solve practical problems. The main aspects, structure and factors of pedagogical practice are studied, its functions are characterized.

Fuctional Illiteracy as an Axiological Problem

It is not only the illiteracy found in today’s knowledge societies, including developed countries, but also its reproduction in new generations that determines the relevance of this research. In France, one of the leading countries in Europe and the world, for decades there has been a decline in the level of general education. The trend continues despite the constant reforms of the education system, including those aimed, as their developers believe, at facilitating and updating learning. Programs in French, mathematics, history, and literature were especially lightened, or simplified, but fewer and fewer schoolchildren cope with them. University professors state that the number of students who experience difficulties in reading, writing and speaking their thoughts is growing. Official statistics report millions of functionally illiterate people who have left school. The purpose of this research is to analyze the axiological components of the French general education reforms and to study the philosophical reflections of the trend by the professional community. To exemplify and illustrate the problem there were chosen works by Barbara Lefebvre and Réne Chiche devoted to a detailed analysis of the situation in French education as of today with the focus on school education. The article aims to provide the specified data on the dynamic of functional illiteracy in France, to identify the axiological dominants that lie behind the modern reform, and to give a comprehensive analysis of the ideas expressed in the books of B. Lefebvre Génération «J'ai le droit»: La faillite de notre éducation and R. Chiche La désinstruction nationale. In both cases the authors attempt to undertake a philosophical understanding of the modern school education as one of the mechanisms for the transmission of culture that supports the formation of personality in the process of socialization. Both books clearly convey the idea that politically engaged reforms of public education, consciously or unconsciously ignoring the need to reflect on the real axiological foundations on which they are built, bring about the prospects for new, including latent, social risks.

АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОБЩЕСТВА ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ: СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ВЗГЛЯД

The article analyzes the features of the "consumer society" as a special form of social structure in the current conditions of globalization and informatization of social contacts. The authors examine the value problems of a society endowed with the characteristics attributed to it by J. Baudriard. Axiological problems are considered both at the interpersonal level and at the general social level.

NEOLIBERALISM IN HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE PROSPECTS FOR POST-COVID EDUCATION

This article is about a new round of the global crisis in higher education, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.The purpose of the research is to conduct a systematic analysis of modern foreign literature on neoliberalismin the educational sphere and to identify the factors of influence of neoliberal concepts on the sphere of higher education during a pandemic.The methodology of this study was a systematic analysis of foreign scientific research literature devoted to the issues of neoliberalism, axiological problems of higher education and globalization. Were studied 20sources, including the work of leading foreign scientists-philosophers M. Apple, A. Giroud, S. McCloskey and others. The works selected for the study cover the time period from 2000 to the present day.Originality / value of the research. In the course of the analysis of the literature, the factors that influenced the quality and eff ectiveness of higher education are considered, and the prospects for postformeducation in the future are presented. Separately considered is such a direction as neoliberalism, which is the ideology of globalization, the global agenda. The opinion is substantiated that the pandemic did not create problems in the field of higher education, but only exacerbated those that already existed. The article provides an overview of the opinions of foreign scientists, presents their strategies for overcoming the global higher education crisis associated with both the pandemic and the neoliberal (market) approach to education.Findings. The neoliberal model of education, based on fi erce competition, individualism and free trade, failed in the era of the pandemic. It seems that the future prospects for the development of higher education in the world will be revised towards reducing the influence of neoliberalism and the market, strengthening state control and financing in this area, humanizing, humanitarianization, fundamentalizing and greening the sphere of higher education.

Ethical and Axiological Problems of Involving the Public in a Social and Humanitarian Assessment of the Risks and Consequences of Modern Science

This article focuses on the urgent philosophical and methodological issue of organizing effective social control over the development and implementation of modern technoscience. The relevance of the topic is caused by the fundamental transformation of science associated with the strengthening of its production and its technological and socio-administrative functions to the detriment of its humanistic components. The intensive expansion of technoscience into all spheres of human existence inevitably increases its risky nature, which necessitates a transdisciplinary understanding and orientation towards traditional human values: truth and good. An effective mechanism of social reflection on the achievements of technoscience is a socio-humanitarian examination, which attracts not only the elite scientific community but also social institutions, public organizations, and many volunteers — non-professional examiners who realize the ability of creative self-organization and insights in order to improve its adequacy. Various world practices of involving the public in the discussion of the ethical acceptability of research in modern technoscience were studied. Ethical and axiological problems associated with the participation of society in the development and humanization of modern science were thereby identified.
 Keywords: philosophy of science and technology, modern science and society, socio-humanitarian examination

Factors for forming value orientations of children's houses as an axiological problem

This article deals with the questions of the value orientation of the pupils of the houses of mercy as an axiological problem. Value orientation factors are classified by type into macro factors, mesofactors and micro factors. The factors of value formation are characterized in accordance with the components of the axiological worldview.

Yu. N. Solonin on the socio-political philosophy of conservatism

Professor of the St Petersburg State University Yu. N. Solonin to the study of global and Russian conservatism, analyzes his works on the problems of philosophy and axiology of politics and political ideology. The author shows that political philosophy of Solonin was theoretically grounded Center for comprehensive study of conservatism at the Philosophy Department of the St Petersburg State University. It is pointed out that many well-known specialists from St Petersburg and other regions of Russia took an active part in the work for the Study of Conservatism Center. They investigated the substantial characteristics of conservatism as a complex socio-cultural and intellectual phenomenon and the historical-philosophical preconditions of conservatism. Solonin’s works creatively developed the concepts by Russian scholars dealt with conservatism, and it helped to organize a research school of comprehensive study of conservatism. The article offers an analysis of Solonin’s writings on conservatism while he was leading the Study of Conservatism Center. The works by Solonin and other scholars revealed the main features of conservatism’s philosophy, such as holism, organicism, traditionalism, etatism, and irrationalism; they analyzed the historical, cultural, political-legal and socioeconomic preconditions of the genesis of European and Russian conservatism. The article argues that a special attention in Solonin’s theoretical heritage was paid to the analysis of the problem of liberal-conservative synthesis. He specifically analyzed the potentialities of liberalconservative synthesis and proved that various non-classical forms of political ideologies are being formed in modern conditions. Solonin also noted the complex and diverse ideological currents of conservatism in Russia, its being conditioned by the traditional way of Russian society, the attitude of the people to the state.