Shoot Axis Research Articles

BLYSMUS COMPRESSUS (CYPERACEAE) В ВОЛОГОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article presents data on the distribution, biomorphology, ecological and phytocenotic features of Blysmus compressus in the Vologda Region, as well as issues of the species conservation. The choice of this species as a research object was determined by its rarity in the region and its indicator properties of the presence of pressurized groundwater outlets. Analysis of herbarium collections, archived and published data showed that from 1856 to 2020, B. compressus was recorded in 65 localities within 20 (out of 26) administrative districts and was confined mainly to the valleys of large rivers. Species records fall within the boundaries of 30 squares of the grid system adopted in the Atlas Florae Europaeae. As a result of a detailed biomorphological analysis of the species, its life form was determined as a secondary rhizome non-turfy perennial polycarpic herb with an iterative growth of the shoot axis. This type of biomorph, in its structural basis, is characteristic of the whole Cyperaceae family and the iteration seems to correspond to the ecological conditions of the ecotope. B. compressus prefers lowland (wet and often paludified) meadows, eutrophic (most often, spring) mires, banks of water bodies and watercourses. The habitats of the broad blysmus are always associated with pressurized groundwater outlets and, as a rule, rich in carbonates. B. compressus is a hemi-eurybiontic species. The species realizes its ecological potential with reasonable efficiency (Zhukova's coefficient for most of the traits was not lesser than 0.5), although, judging by the entire complex of traits, in none of the studied ecotopes is was in optimal conditions. B. compressus is listed in the Red Data Book of the Vologda Region by the 3/LC category. It was recorded within the boundaries of only four specially protected natural areas. The necessary protection measures include the organization of new nature reserves at the sites where B. compressus is found, population monitoring, and searching for new places of its occurrence.

A single-cell analysis of the Arabidopsis vegetative shoot apex.

The shoot apical meristem allows for reiterative formation of new aerial structures throughout the life cycle of a plant. We use single-cell RNA sequencing to define the cellular taxonomy of the Arabidopsis vegetative shoot apex at the transcriptome level. We find that the shoot apex is composed of highly heterogeneous cells, which can be partitioned into 7 broad populations with 23 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters. We delineate cell-cycle continuums and developmental trajectories of epidermal cells, vascular tissue, and leaf mesophyll cells and infer transcription factors and gene expression signatures associated with cell fate decisions. Integrative analysis of shoot and root apical cell populations further reveals common and distinct features of epidermal and vascular tissues. Our results, thus, offer a valuable resource for investigating the basic principles underlying cell division and differentiation in plants at single-cell resolution.

Evolutionary and ecological significance of photosynthetic organs inPhyllocladus(Podocarpaceae)

AbstractThe structure of phylloclades and true leaves in Phyllocladus was investigated with emphasis on function, ecology and evolution. Only in the earliest ontogenetic stages are true, needle leaves developed. The earliest phylloclades comprise a fusion product of a shoot axis of the first order and its inserted leaves. Later, this is augmented by the expansion of axillary short shoots from the base of some of the fused leaves. Phylloclades of mature individuals are entire short shoot systems, including leaves and shoots, becoming fused with photosynthetic tissue. These phylloclades represent one of the adaptations for increasing functional photosynthetic area that are present in Podocarpaceae. Such adaptations were probably needed because Podocarpaceae are usually medium-sized trees faced with competition from the ever-expanding angiosperm forests at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere from the Late Cretaceous, but especially during the Palaeocene–Eocene, when dense and diverse angiosperm-dominated rainforests were common. The data obtained from living species were compared to those from fossil material of Phyllocladus. Phyllocladus with fully developed phylloclades have been in place since at least the early Cenozoic.

The morphogenesis of vegetative buds of Picea species (Pinaceae), introduced in the taiga zone (Karelia)

The observations were carried out in the Botanical garden of the Petrozavodsk state University, located in the taiga zone. Objects of research served 1 native and 5 introduced species: Picea abies (L.) Karst., P. obovata Ledeb., P. mariana Britt., P. glauca (Mill.) Вritt., P. pungens Engelm., P. omorica (Pane) Purk. The study of morphogenesis in vegetative buds was carried out axial shoots from the middle part of the crown since the beginning of the bud swelling until the cessation of laying primordial needles (May to September). The growing shoots are cut off after 2-3 days and were fixed in a mixture of alcohol and glycerin. For the start date of a stage, took the time when it was noted in not less than 30% of the buds. It is established that intrarenal development of vegetative organs from the native species P. abies was studied and introduced species of the genus Picea characterized by similar phases: rest, laying cover scales and laying primordial needles. Morphogenesis of vegetative buds of P. abies on the timing ahead of the development of the bud in the introduced species, which indicates a much greater insistence of the latter to temperature. The duration of the morphogenesis of the buds in all studied types varies slightly (days 131-137). However, the morphogenesis of vegetative buds of native species for 1-4 weeks ahead in terms of development of the buds in introduced species with a similarity of morphogenesis of the bud (P. abies and P. glauca), the value of the annual increment of the shoots is almost the same.

Willow communities, optimal absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

High biological productivity of willow communities contributes to the effective performance of carbon dioxide absorption in photosynthesis. In natural communities, shrub willows hectareve a better effect on carbon dioxide balance: the amount of absorbed gas significantly exceeds its emission. Deciduous willows are able to fulfill the same condition, but only when grown in plantations. For the effective absorption of carbon dioxide, willow communities should meet the following parameters depending on the soil conditions. A one-year phytomass growth of axial shoots (in terms of absolutely dry matter) should be more thectaren 3.11 tons⋅hectare−1⋅year−1 on rich soils. This condition is fully met by the Salix dasyclados and S. viminalis communities. When growing on poor soils, annual phytomass growth of axial shoots of more thectaren 0.93 tons⋅hectare−1⋅year−1 is sufficient, which is noted in the communities of S. purpurea. The annual increase in phytomass of axial shoots should be more 2.48 tons⋅hectare−1⋅year−1 when growing on swampy soils. S. dasyclados and S. viminalis are the most suitable for plantation cultivation. These willow species perform the raw material function in the most effective way and, along with this, absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the greatest amount.

Shoot Systems of Solanum dulcamara L.

On the basis of biomorphological analysis of Solanum dulcamara, four ecobiomorphs of this plant are identified and described. They are a semi-woody vine, a subshrub with ascending shoots, a root sucker subshrub, and short-lived plants of vegetative origin. The structural units of individual plants, the sympodial shoot axes, are characterized by three variants of shoots: monocarpic renewals and sylleptic, vegetative sylleptic shoots with an incomplete cycle of development. The structural and functional organization of shoots and the development of sympodial axes in different ecobiomorphs, ensuring the ecological plasticity of S. dulcamara, are described.

Assessment of deciduous trees introduction prospect in the taiga zone (Karelia)

The article aimed at assessing introduction prospect for 32 species of the genera Acer L., Betula L., Fraxinus L., Padus Mill., Syringa L. and Sorbus L. at the Botanical Gardens of Petrozavodsk State University (Southern Karelia, central taiga subzone). The degree of introduction prospect was assessed with the use of the integral assessment method by P. I. Lapin and S. V. Sidneva. Such indicators as annual maturing of shoots, regular growth of axial shoots, winter hardiness of plants, habit preservation, shoot-forming capability, generative reproduction capability, capability to reproduce in plantation were taken into account. It was found that Acer ginnala, Acer platanoides, Betula platyphylla, Betula ulmifolia, Fraxinus excelsior, Padus virginiana, Padus pensylvanica, Padus maackii, Syringa vulgaris, Syringa pubescens, Syringa emodi, Syringa × henryi, Syringa josikaea, Syringa villosa, Syringa vulgaris var. Congo, Sorbus decora, Sorbus virginianis and Sorbus аmericana have the highest prospect rates (80–100 points), the other studied species – fairly high prospect rates (56–79 points). All the studied introduced species of deciduous trees can be successfully used in Karelia for gardening and landscaping purposes. Acer platanoides, Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus excelsior, Padus pensylvanica, Padus maackii, Syringa vulgaris и Sorbus decora show the highest degree of introduction prospect (about100 points).

Flowers up! The effect of floral height along the shoot axis on the fitness of bat-pollinated species.

Bat-pollination is an important system in terms of occurrence and distribution, although it remains little studied. Thus, the role of particular flower traits in this interaction remains uncertain. Flower height along the shoot axis, associated with flower exposure, has often been deemed a key trait in this system, but its effect on fitness has not previously been assessed. We aimed to test its role and propose that taller flowers attain higher fitness due to a higher degree of accessibility and conspicuity to foraging bats. We assessed the effect of floral height on bat visiting rates to individual flowers of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae), a cauliflorous model bat-pollinated species with a marked gradient in flower height along the shoot axis. Additionally, we tested the effect of this variable on seed/ovule ratio measurements from seven other species from different families along a herb-tree gradient. Hypotheses were tested through mixed-effect linear models. Bat visiting rates varied positively as a function of flower height in C. cujete, but significance was found only for the subset of flowers located on the trunk, closer to the ground. Similarly, seed/ovule ratios were positively correlated with flower height only for the three species with the shortest statures along the height gradient and shortest average floral heights. These results suggest that proximity to the ground, associated with herbaceous or bushy surrounding vegetation, may be an obstacle to the foraging of nectar-feeding bats, which in turn should explain the morphological convergence of inflorescence length and exposure strategies of short-statured bat-pollinated plants. Flower height has a species-specific effect on plant fitness. This study provides a novel numerical perspective to the role of an unexplored trait in bat-pollination, and has elucidated some aspects of the adaptive importance of flower height based on limitations imposed by ecologically complex pollinators.

New aboveground biomass and nitrogen yield in different ages of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) trees under different pruning intensities in moist semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana

Pruning of woody perennials is extensively practiced among farmers in agroforestry. We investigated different pruning frequencies on new aboveground biomass, nitrogen concentration and nitrogen yield on gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) trees of different ages. Two sites were selected in Ghana where gliricidia trees were intercropped in cocoa agroforestry system. One site had young (within 5 years) trees whilst the other had old (above 10 years) trees. A total of 15 gliricidia trees were selected from each site. Five pruning regimes (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 months) was assigned to each tree and replicated 3 times. The result showed that shoot biomass among the different pruning regimes varied significantly (P < 0.05) in both age groups, with more biomass found in the shoot axes than in leaves as pruning delayed. Maximum biomass in old trees was 67.15 kg/tree at 8 months compared to 49.37 kg/tree at 10 months in young trees. N concentration pattern differed from the biomass, as %N were significantly lower (P < 0.05) as pruning delayed in both age groups. At 4 months, young trees had 57 kg N ha−1 compared to 64 kg N ha−1 at 8 months in old trees. In conclusion, pruning regimes in gliricidia should be guided by the age of the trees. Hence, it would be theoretically enough to prune young trees at 4 months and old trees at 8 months to meet the N need (58–80 kg ha−1) of cocoa to diminish external N-fertilizer needs.

Intra- and Intertree Variability of the 87Sr/86Sr Ratio in Apple Orchards and Its Correlation with the Soil 87Sr/86Sr Ratio.

The 87Sr/86Sr ratio of horticultural products mostly derives from that of the bioavailable Sr fraction of the soil where they grow and, therefore, varies according to the local geolithological features. This study investigated the intra- and intertree variability of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in two apple orchards in South Tyrol and its relation with the soil 87Sr/86Sr ratio. In both orchards, a moderate homogeneity of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio was observed among subsamples of the same tree part (shoot axes, leaves, apple peels, and pulps). Moreover, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio homogeneity among tree parts was high intratree and low intertree. The variability of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio within the tree and within the orchard is explained in light of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the soil. This 87Sr/86Sr variability within orchards does not preclude its use as a geographical tracer; however, this aspect should be evaluated to correctly design a sampling campaign or to generalize the results.

Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf, petiole and root explants in triploid (Populus alba × P. glandulosa)× P. tomentosa

Leaf, petiole and root of triploid (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) × P. tomentosa were cultured on a medium containing benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) either alone or in combination with thidiazuron (TDZ) for the study of adventitious shoot regeneration. The study demonstrated that TDZ played a primary and distinctive role in shoot regeneration: the frequency of shoot organogenesis of explants cultured with TDZ (71.16%) far surpassed those cultured without TDZ (30.42%). Among explant types, high variation was observed in the regeneration capacity: petiole and leaf had better regeneration capacity than that of root. To understand this difference, an analysis of endogenous hormones (zeatin (ZT), abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) was conducted on leaf, petiole and root explants. The results showed that the regeneration ability of explants varied dependently on their IAA and ABA contents. The organogenic capacity varied significantly with the position of the explant along the shoot axis. The highest regeneration potential (98.33%) and shoot number (up to 9.4 shoots/explant) were obtained in leaf explants harvested from the intermediate node (node 3). Regenerated shoots transferred to the medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) achieved the highest frequency of rooting (100%), with means of 5.33 roots per shoot and 6.32 cm length per root. The shoots with an abundant root system were later transferred to the greenhouse for further growth and development. The effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), explant type, endogenous hormone contents and maturity of explant was evaluated on adventitious shoot regeneration of triploid (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) × P. tomentosa in this study.

Content of heavy metals in plants growing on the territory of influence of emissions of the Reider zinc factory

The study of pollution of plants growing in the areas of emissions from industrial enterprises ofnon-ferrous metallurgy is relevant, since the heavy metals in the soil-plant-animal chain fall into humanorgans, causing diseases with serious consequences. The aim of the study is to identify and assess thepollution of soil and plants by emission components of a zinc plant.The sources of pollution, the zones of influence of the emissions of the zinc plant in the city of Ridder in the EKO, the distribution area of pollutants were determined, the state of the soil and vegetationcover, the territories around the zinc plant. Studies have shown a negative impact on soil and vegetation cover. The surface of the soil over a large area is devoid of vegetation. Analytical data allowed to determine the content of heavy metals in the soil, both gross and mobile forms. Priority elements of pollution are zinc, lead, copper and cadmium. Concentrations of heavy metals in the soil exceed the MACfor both gross and mobile forms. The accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the vegetativeparts of trees and shrubs is different. The negative impact of plant emissions on the vegetation cover ismanifested by the presence of scant vegetation with curtains, preserved individual individuals of willowand fallen specimens, and the lack of vegetation in significant areas. The vast majority of plants are ina depressed state. Under the influence of toxic emissions on the leaves, burns are formed, shrinkage ofbranches and axial shoots of crops is observed, vegetative and generative development is weakened.Key words: pollution, erosion processes, heavy metals, accumulation, migration

How plants grow up.

A plant's lateral structures, such as leaves, branches and flowers, literally hinge on the shoot axis, making its integrity and growth fundamental to plant form. In all plants, subapical proliferation within the shoot tip displaces cells downward to extrude the cylindrical stem. Following the transition to flowering, many plants show extensive axial elongation associated with increased subapical proliferation and expansion. However, the cereal grasses also elongate their stems, called culms, due to activity within detached intercalary meristems which displaces cells upward, elevating the grain-bearing inflorescence. Variation in culm length within species is especially relevant to cereal crops, as demonstrated by the high-yielding semi-dwarfed cereals of the Green Revolution. Although previously understudied, recent renewed interest the regulation of subapical and intercalary growth suggests that control of cell division planes, boundary formation and temporal dynamics of differentiation, are likely critical mechanisms coordinating axial growth and development in plants.

Are the male reproductive units of Juniperus drupacea Labill. (Cupressaceae s.str.) a compound, polyaxial inflorescence or a dense cluster of simple, uniaxial pollen cones?

The Juniperus Section Caryocedrus (Cupressaceae) is one of the three putatively monophyletic sections of the genus. It is monotypic, presented only by J. drupacea. Male reproductive units of this species show several distinct features distinguishing it distinctly from all other Juniperus species, including an inflorescence‐like arrangement of pollen cones, an increased number of microsporangia per microsporangiophore, and microsporangia attached to the stalk in up to three subsequent rows. The male reproductive units in J. drupacea have been investigated with paraffin technique and SEM. They are hypothesized to represent a distal cluster of densely arranged, simple pollen cones, which are interpreted as being derived from an ancestral condition that is still presented in species of the Section Juniperus. This is assumed to have occurred by a profound reduction of internodes of the fertile shoot axis carrying the pollen cone and a distal shift. The increased number of microsporangia per microsporangiophore may be a response to the decreasing number of pollen cones per tree compensating for the loss of pollen, that occurred during the evolution of inflorescence‐like male reproductive units.

Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by gliricidia trees (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.) intercropped with cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

AimsThe objective was to estimate the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (Ndfa) by legume (Gliricidia sepium) trees for the benefit of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) trees in agroforestry systems.MethodsFour sites where cocoa and gliricidia were intercropped and one site where gliricidia, cocoa, and orange trees were grown as separate stands were selected in Ghana. Ndfa in gliricidia and cocoa leaves (from all sites) and in shoot axes (in one site only) was assessed by the 15N natural abundance technique. Cocoa trees distant (> 10 m) from the closest gliricidia were used as reference plants.ResultsWith few exceptions, leaves of gliricidia and cocoa trees growing in proximity had similar δ15N, whereas the foliar δ15N value of gliricidia was lower than that of distant cocoa trees. The Ndfa in gliricidia leaves ranged from 22 to 50% of total leaf N and was 48% in the shoot axis. Root nodules, found only after the wet season, always showed the inner red color indicating effective N2 fixation and the occurrence of Rhizobium tropici and Rhizobium etli. The annually produced shoots of gliricidia, theoretically suitable to become green manure after pruning, contained 31.4 to 38.0 kg N ha−1 derived from the atmosphere.ConclusionsGliricidia sepium trees are able to take advantage of the association with rhizobial symbionts to fulfill, at least in part, the N needs of their rapidly growing shoots. In mixed-stand agroforestry systems, with intercropped gliricidia and cocoa trees, the amount of N derived from the atmosphere that could enter the soil if the pruned shoots of gliricidia trees are used as green manure could diminish the need for N fertilizers for cocoa trees.

Can greater understanding of macadamia canopy architecture lay the foundation for orchard productivity improvements?

Macadamia canopies tend to grow large and complex due to vigorous recurrent flushes of vegetative growth. New shoot growth can occur at any time of the year from apical and axillary buds, elongating existing axes and forming new axis orders, respectively. The macadamia canopy is relatively unmodified and low yielding, thus yield efficiency and management practices would benefit from an increased understanding of canopy growth dynamics and architecture. Here we detail a range of investigations into the architectural development of macadamia over different scales, and methods for modifying architecture with a view to this information being incorporated into the design of improved orchard systems. For isolated shoots we have documented the elongation of internodes and the whole growth unit (GU), and their relationship to thermal time. We have also undertaken a detailed architectural study on two cultivars of young trees leading up to their first flowering, in an attempt to compare and understand patterns of early vegetative development. At the tree scale there were no differences in canopy volume or tree height between cultivars, however, detailed scales revealed differences in canopy components such as GU number, GU length and branching patterns. Shoot bending can modify vegetative architecture and reproductive development in temperate crops, although responses in subtropical crops could be more complicated. Bending first-order shoots in macadamia reduced apical growth and induced axillary release. When shoots are bent at the time of floral initiation raceme number was increased on the first-order shoot axis, possibly due to a coincidence between bending-induced axillary bud release and time-dependent floral signals. Observing interactions between components at different scales aids understanding of the mechanisms and relationships controlling the structure and function of the growing macadamia canopy, thus providing opportunities to modify macadamia growth for the benefit of production efficiency.

Autonomous and non-autonomous functions of the maize Shohai1 gene, encoding a RWP-RK putative transcription factor, in regulation of embryo and endosperm development.

In plants, establishment of the basic body plan during embryogenesis involves complex processes of axis formation, cell fate specification and organ differentiation. While molecular mechanisms of embryogenesis have been well studied in the eudicot Arabidopsis, only a small number of genes regulating embryogenesis has been identified in grass species. Here, we show that a RKD-type RWP-RK transcription factor encoded by Shohai1 (Shai1) is indispensable for embryo and endosperm development in maize. Loss of Shai1 function causes variable morphological defects in the embryo including small scutellum, shoot axis bifurcation and arrest during early organogenesis. Analysis of molecular markers in mutant embryos reveals disturbed patterning of gene expression and altered polar auxin transport. In contrast with typical embryo-defective (emb) mutants that expose a vacant embryo pocket in the endosperm, the endosperm of shai1 kernels conforms to the varied size and shape of the embryo. Furthermore, genetic analysis confirms that Shai1 is required for autonomous formation of the embryo pocket in endosperm of emb mutants. Analyses of genetic mosaic kernels generated by B-A translocation revealed that expression of Shai1 in the endosperm could partially rescue a shai1 mutant embryo and suggested that Shai1 is involved in non-cell autonomous signaling from endosperm that supports normal embryo growth. Taken together, we propose that the Shai1 gene functions in regulating embryonic patterning during grass embryogenesis partly by endosperm-to-embryo interaction.

Landmark-based morphometry reveals phyllometric diversity along the shoot axis of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Leaf morphology of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. ‘Kövidinka’ was evaluated based on 32 landmarks. The aim of this study was to reveal leaf morphological diversity along the shoot axis. For this purpose 10 shoots were collected with 26 to 35 leaves. Altogether 304 leaf samples were digitised and analysed with the GRA.LE.D 2.04. raster graphic software. Leaf damage was estimated based on the missing landmarks on the lamina. Our results showed that the leaves on the 11th and 13th nodes are the most intact, without missing landmarks. Lowest variability (cv = 0,126) of the investigated 54 morphological characteristics were observed among the leaves on the 11th nodes of the shoots, in accordance with the literature. Based on the results length of the veins, angles between the veins and further features such as size of the serrations show high diversity along the shoot axis. These results underline the need of careful sampling during the ampelometric investigations.

Intra-organismal variation in the structure of plant vascular transport tissues in poplar trees

Phloem and xylem conduit structure vary greatly throughout the body of Populus trichocarpa trees, particularly between roots and shoots. This has implications for understanding organ and whole plant vascular function. Woody plant vascular transport occurs predominantly within secondary xylem and phloem, which are both produced by the vascular cambium during secondary growth. We examined how vessel and sieve tube structure varied throughout the plant body of P. trichocarpa trees and whether xylem and phloem conduit structure was correlated across different positions within the plant. We excavated entire juvenile P. trichocarpa trees and measured vessel and sieve tube structural traits of current-year growth in 1 m increments along the main root:shoot axis. Trees were > 4 m tall and had roots that extended 4–5 m at their longest length. We found that both sieve tube and vessel diameters greatly varied throughout the plant body and with organ diameter. Roots had wider diameter conduits than shoots. Sieve tube diameter was strongly correlated with vessel diameter, which may be related to their common developmental origin. Other structural traits, such as pit membrane area and pit density for xylem, and sieve plate area and number of sieve areas per plate for phloem, also varied and were correlated with changes in conduit diameter. The median air-seeding pressure of vessels (Pm) and vessel length did not differ between roots and shoots. Understanding plant vascular function will likely require increased knowledge of whole plant structure and function, since plant performance may be limited by any point along the transport pathway. Considering intra-organismal variation may be a way to evaluate structure–function hypotheses while controlling for confounding sources of variation that may impact inter-specific comparisons.

БАРБАРИСИ (РІД BERBERIS L.) У ДЕКОРАТИВНОМУ ОЗЕЛЕНЕННІ

Визначено особливості органогенезу та онтогенезу 29 видів роду Berberis L. у культурі (Чернівецька обл.), виявлено відмінності у проходженні окремих вікових періодів розвитку та загальну тривалість онтогенезу. На основі фенологічних спостережень виділено специфічні особливості їхнього сезонного розвитку залежно від географічного походження. Вегетаційний період триває з квітня до середини жовтня (190–200 днів), квітування – впродовж травня, достигання плодів – з липня до кінця серпня. Встановлено потенційні можливості культивованих барбарисів у фазах квітування (нектаропродуктивність – до 60–80 кг/га на добу) та плодоношення (з 40–50 до 350–420 плодів/пог.м пагона). Доведено, що високі показники та якість нектару і плодів можна успішно використати в господарських цілях (бджільництво, харчування, лікування тощо): нектаропродуктивність таких культур забезпечить урожай 2,1–2,5 т/га меду з унікальними смаковими та цілющими властивостями, а також до 3,5–4,2 т/га сировини лікарського та харчового призначення. Проаналізовано зимостійкість барбарисів, яка не опускається нижче І-ІІ балів (у B. dasystachhya i B. arthobotrys пагони можуть підмерзати вище від снігового покриву). Вивчено репродуктивну здатність цих видів, які легко розмножуються насінням (краще його висівати восени). За результатами виконаних досліджень виділено 3 групи видів, перспективних для культивування у кліматичних умовах Буковини, та розроблено рекомендації щодо впровадження барбарисів у декоративні посадки.