Awareness Of Workers Research Articles

Socio-economic Status and Social Protection of Baguio Cemetery Contractors and Workers: Inputs for Interventions

The study examines the socioeconomic status and social protection of Baguio City Cemetery Workers, as well as their knowledge of cemetery policies. It utilized a descriptive-quantitative design, primarily using a survey questionnaire. The findings indicate that the cemetery workers in Baguio City have a partial level of satisfaction with social assistance programs. They have limited awareness of social insurance programs and labor market programs provided by the government. Additionally, their knowledge regarding policies governing cemeteries is considered moderate. Based on the study's results, it is recommended to enhance the awareness and comprehension of Baguio City cemetery workers regarding the government's social protection programs through orientation sessions. Furthermore, there is a need to expand the coverage of social protection programs to include low-income informal sector workers.

P40 The effectiveness of contextualizing multimodal strategy on doctors to improve hand hygiene compliance in surgical wards at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria

Abstract Background Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is a major problem in healthcare delivery worldwide despite medical advances. A low HH compliance rate of 17.1% was found among surgical health workers at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria, Nigeria. Although hand hygiene (HH) is a proven low-cost means to curtail HAI, low HH compliance is a global reality. The WHO multimodal strategy attempts to address low HH compliance within the frame of contextual realities. Methods This was an interventional study utilizing action research through a mixed method approach to investigate the effectiveness of employing a contextualized multimodal strategy to enhance the HH compliance rate of doctors at ABUTH Zaria. The study was from August to October 2022. A behavioural change campaign (BCC) HH workshop was carried out on doctors, and data collection followed immediately in the surgical wards (i.e. clusters) that had received environmental modification through the provision HH posters and nurses for visual and verbal reminders, respectively. The four clusters were: visual reminders only, verbal reminders only, visual and verbal reminders combined and neither visual nor verbal reminders (i.e. control). All clusters received an uninterrupted supply of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) throughout the study period. The HH observation proforma for ‘five moments of HH’ template was used to collect the quantitative data through direct observation while qualitative data were by one-on-one interviews on doctors in surgical wards at ABUTH Zaria. Results The cumulative HH compliance rate by doctors was 69% (N = 1774). This was significantly different from the baseline HH compliance rate of 17.1% before this study’s intervention (P < 0.0001, C. I. 45.5% to 57.7%). HH was observed from doctors most in wards with both visual and verbal reminders (78%) while lowest (59%) where visual and verbal reminders were not provided, i.e. C4 (n = 444). Compared with the baseline HH compliance, all interventions were significant. However, compared with C4, visual reminders only (C1) had insignificant effect on influencing the HH practice of doctors while visual and verbal reminders combined. Verbal reminders only (C2) were found to be as effective as when combined with visual reminders (78%) as the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.4791, CI −3.5% to 7.5%, χ2 = 0.5). However, all doctors reported being motivated to perform HH by the presence of ABHR which was similar to the significance found even in the ward where no verbal or visual reminders (59%, n = 444) were used compared with the baseline (17%, n = 286) before this intervention study (P < 0.0001, CI 35% to 48%, χ2 = 125). All respondents reported hearing about the HH behavioural change workshop even though only one attended. Conclusions Continuous workshop on HH is necessary to sustain awareness of health workers on the importance of hand hygiene. The presence of ABHRs alone was enough motivation for doctors to perform HH but verbal reminders were significant in sustaining this positive attitude towards HH. A scaling of this intervention is needed in other departments so that staff can have changes made to their values towards healthcare delivery as well at ABUTH Zaria. Contextualizing the WHO multimodal strategy is an efficient and acceptable means of addressing the problem of low HH compliance.

An Examination of Health Care Workers’ Education and Training on Their Basic Knowledge, Clinical Preparedness, and Attitudinal Awareness About LGBT Patients

ABSTRACT LGBT individuals experience discrimination in health care settings and report difficulty accessing clinically competent healthcare. This study examined the self-assessed knowledge, clinical preparedness, LGBT health focused education received and attitudinal awareness of health care workers (HCW) (n = 215) toward LGBT patients at an urban hospital in New York City. HCW completed a one-time survey, that included the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale. Forty percent of HCW treated LGB patients and 30% treated transgender patients, 11% and 18% reported they were unaware if their patients were LGB or transgender. Seventy-four percent of HCW received less than two hours of formal education in LGBT health. A slight majority of HCW (51%) reported not receiving adequate clinical training to work with transgender clients. Forty-six percent of HCW reported not receiving adequate clinical training to work with LGB clients. A significant difference in LGBT health knowledge, clinical preparedness, and attitudinal awareness was found by LGBT health education received. HCW that reported more LGBT focused health education reported higher basic LGBT health knowledge, felt more clinically prepared, and reported affirming attitudes regarding LGBT patients. This research suggests that more LGBT health focused education of HCW is needed.

Breast cancer disparities: A literature review of the last five years.

e18686 Background: Breast cancer (BC) disparities are differences in cancer measures. Some of the disparities in BC among Black women and males include but are not limited to the disproportionate high mortality rates impacted by access to screening mammograms, the effect of breast density, access to genetic testing, genetic predisposition to triple-negative BC (TNBC), and other social constructs that prevent obtaining BC screening. We highlight disparities in BC among women of minority and lower socioeconomic status, discuss factors contributing to this racial disparity, and design innovative solutions to address these disparities. Methods: The PRISMA statements were followed for conducting this literature review. A comprehensive staged literature search was performed on PubMed, EMBASE, clinicaltrial.gov, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, identifying relevant Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords. Two investigators performed an independent literature search using the search terms. A third reviewer resolved conflicts. Articles with a publication date before 2017, those written in languages other than English, and those without data on BC Disparity were excluded. Results: Using the Mesh framework outlined, we accumulated 4125 studies. Studies were further screened for relevance to this project, leading to the inclusion of 35 studies. The literature shows that both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors contribute to these racial disparities. The expression of cytokines and other chemical messengers in the tumor microenvironment is differential and prevalent in Black women. Furthermore, this tumor microenvironment is impacted by non-genetic risk factors, including obesity, consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and poverty. Another critical component of racial disparities in BC includes the social element of poorer medical care for women in the US. For example, lower breastfeeding rates in Black women are highly influenced by social factors, although it was found that breastfeeding is protective against TNBC. In addition, poor and near-poor women were less likely to receive sentinel lymph node biopsy and radiation after breast-conserving surgery than high socioeconomic-status women. Conclusions: In our study, we highlight how black women have higher mortality rates at any age of diagnosis than white women. It exemplifies the need to advocate for better healthcare for minority women. Precision cancer prevention is the key to addressing BC disparity based on geographic, socioeconomic, and racial factors. Rural healthcare centers in high-risk areas outside the catchment of existing National Cancer Institutes (NCI) can play a vital role in screening and managing BC survivors. We will need a multidisciplinary platform of investigators, including but not limited to internists using digital tools to improve breast cancer education and awareness of primary healthcare providers and community workers.

Fecal Coliform Bacteria in Vegetable Salads Prepared in Baghdad Restaurants

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of coliforms in 50 samples (25 ready-to-eat vegetable salads and 25 handlers’ hands) collected randomly from restaurants in Baghdad. The total coliform count in the samples of vegetable salads from Al-Sadria and Hay al-Amel reached 4.78 and 4.32 log cfu/g, respectively, whereas those in the swab samples of handlers’ hands from the same areas reached 3.70 and 3.90 log cfu/g, respectively. The percentages of fecal coliform bacteria in the salad samples from Al-Sadria and Hay al-Amel were 35% and 32%, respectively, whereas those in the hand swabs from the same areas were 41% and 36%, respectively. Two isolates of the serotype Escherichia coli O157:H7 were detected in the study samples from the same areas, where the rates of E. coli and fecal coliform bacteria increased. Considering the virulence of this bacterial serotype and its direct impact on consumer safety, we highly recommend implementing quality programs in ready-to-eat vegetable salad production chains, raising the cultural level and health awareness of restaurant owners and workers preparing these salads, and raising public awareness of the potential health risks of consuming contaminated food products.

Perilaku Pekerja Laundry Terhadap Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri Tahun 2022: (Studi kasus di RS X Sidoarjo)

Personal protective equipment (APD) is a tool that has a function to protect humans in the threat of contaminants caused by a job that has a potential risk of danger. This study aims to determine the behavior of using APD in the Laundry at X Hospital, Sidoarjo. This research method was descriptive through a cross sectional approach. The research variables were worker behavior related to knowledge, attitudes, facilities and infrastructure and supervision of the use of APD. The population of this study were 8 respondents from all workers in the Laundry. Determination of the sample of this study was total sampling technique. The data collection tools used in this study were questionnaires and observations. Data analysis was done descriptively. The results of the study showed that 87.5% of laundry good knowledge, 100% good attitude, 84% good infrastructure facilities, and 82% good supervision. Overall, the behavior of laundry was said to be well behaved. The conclusion of this study was the behavior of using APD for laundry is said to be well behaved. It is recommended to apply strict sanctions/punishments to laundry who do not use APD and tightened supervision to increase worker awareness in complying with regulations on the use of APD.

Assessment of socio-economic, industrial factors affecting the health 
 of oil workers

Introduction. To a large extent, the personal state of health is determined by the lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle and preventive activity in workers are important factors in reducing risks for developing chronic non-communicable diseases. Ensuring a healthy, active life dictates the need for widespread implementation of self-assessment methods in the working population.
 Materials and methods. A sociological survey of one hundred twenty three oil-extraction workers in Western Siberia was conducted. The socio-hygienic study included an assessment of working conditions, damage to health caused by work environment factors, attitude to the environmental situation, and measures aimed at workers’ health promotion.
 Results. When analyzing the survey of oil-extraction workers, 94.2% of respondents have been shown to appreciate family relationships. One of the important factors of family well-being is the availability of home ownership (84.9%).
 Analysis of the results obtained shows the majority oil workers to satisfy with their working conditions (89.9%) despite a significant number of respondents were aware of the presence of hazardous occupational factors at their workplace: exposure to harmful chemicals (32.7%), the impact of unfavourable microclimate conditions (31.5%), fire and explosion hazards (31.0%), the impact of industrial noise (15.0%), responsibility for the safety of workers (13.3%), the risk of injury (12.4%), long-term work at the computer (10.6%).
 A sociological survey conducted has shown 68.9% of oil workers to consider their health status to be excellent or good. At the same time, 86.2% of respondents complain of having chronic diseases. A low healthcare activity level among oil-extraction workers has been established (73.3% of respondents do not refer to doctors, 68.9% – do not follow the recommendations of doctors, 29.7% of respondents are engaged in self-treatment). At the same time, 65.8% of oil workers believe a healthy lifestyle to help them be healthy.
 Limitations. A sociological study of 123 oil-extraction workers presenting a sufficient reference sample has been carried out. The limitation of this study is a high risk of subjectivity when answering the proposed questionnaire.
 Conclusion. Analysis of the results obtained has shown that despite a significant number of respondents were aware of the presence of hazardous occupational factors at their workplace the majority of them (89.9%) were satisfied with their working conditions. The majority of oil workers complained of having chronic diseases, although they consider their health status to be excellent and good. A low healthcare activity level of the respondents has been revealed. The results of the conducted survey have shown that the subjective assessment of oil workers’ health does not correspond to the objective data obtained during the survey analysis. Improving the awareness of oil workers about the risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases is one of the important preventive measures. 65.8% of oil workers believe that a healthy lifestyle will help them be healthy. The main areas of preventive activities are primary prevention measures, including improving the management and the quality of all types of preventive medical examinations, the formation of motivation for health control, individual and group counseling aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle (information support, hygiene education, the formation of an effective motivation, assistance, and professional assistance in the control both smoking and increased alcohol consumption). It is important to carry out medical examination of persons with an increased risk of morbidity, aimed at reducing the level of influence of modifiable risk factors, timely diagnosis of diseases and rehabilitation, conducting courses of preventive treatment and aimed health improvement.

Using social practice theory in measuring perceived stigma among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya

BackgroundPerceived stigma is a complex societal phenomenon that is harboured especially by female sex workers because of the interplay of a myriad of factors. As such, a precise measure of the contribution of different social practices and characteristics is necessary for both understanding and intervening in matters related to perceived stigma. We developed a Perceived Stigma Index that measures the factors that greatly contribute to the stigma among sex workers in Kenya, and thereby inform a framework for future interventions.MethodsSocial Practice Theory was adopted in the development of the Perceived Stigma Index in which three social domains were extracted from data collected in the WHISPER or SHOUT study conducted among female sex workers (FSW), aged 16–35 years in Mombasa, Kenya. The three domains included: Social demographics, Relationship Control and Sexual and Gender-based Violence, and Society awareness of sexual and reproductive history. The factor assessment entailed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and the internal consistency of the index was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.ResultsWe developed a perceived stigma index to measure perceived stigma among 882 FSWs with a median age of 26 years. A Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–0.88) was obtained as a measure of the internal consistency of our index using the Social Practice Theory. In regression analysis, we identified three major factors that contribute to the perceived stigma and consists of : (i) income and family support (β = 1.69; 95% CI); (ii) society’s awareness of the sex workers’ sexual and reproductive history (β = 3.54; 95% CI); and (iii) different forms of relationship control e.g. physical abuse (β = 1.48; 95%CI that propagate the perceived stigma among the FSWs.ConclusionSocial practice theory has solid properties that support and capture the multi-dimensional nature of perceived stigma. The findings support the fact that social practices contribute or provoke this fear of being discriminated against. Thus, in offering interventions to curb perceived stigma, focus should fall on the education of the society on the importance of acceptance and integration of the FSWs as part of the society and the eradication of sexual and gender based violence meted out on them.Trial registrationThe trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12616000852459.

Human Seasonal Influenza Viruses in Swine Workers in Lagos, Nigeria: Consequences for Animal and Public Health.

The influenza A virus has been scarcely investigated in pigs in Africa, with rare detection prior to 2009. The spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 changed the epidemiology due to frequent human-to-swine transmission and the emergence of various new reassortants. This study therefore aimed at estimating the level of circulation and characterizing influenza A viruses at the interface between swine workers, who are crucial players in the inter-species transmission of influenza A viruses, and their animals in several farms in Nigeria, a hub for pig production in Africa. This cross-sectional study showed that 24.6% (58/236) of the pig serum samples collected in 2013-2014 had anti-influenza A antibodies in the absence of vaccination programs, but none of the pig swabs (n = 1193) were positive according to RT-qPCR. Viral RNA was detected in 0.9% (2/229) of swine workers sampled at their place of work, and the strains were characterized as A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal A(H3N2). Our results highlight that more awareness of swine workers regarding the consequences of reverse zoonosis for animal and public health is warranted. Annual vaccination and the wearing of masks when experiencing influenza-like symptoms would help decrease influenza inter-species transmission, while surveillance should be adequately supported for early detection.

THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH LEGAL REGULATIONS ON HOSPITAL B3 WASTE MANAGEMENT

The hospital as one of the health service facilities as stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia No. 56 of 2015, it is mandatory to carry out B3 waste management which includes reducing and segregating B3 waste, storing B3 waste, transporting B3 waste, processing B3 waste, burying B3 waste, and/or storing B3 waste. Hazardous waste generated from laboratory activities is in the form of residual healing processes for sick people such as additives for washing wounds, blood washing, cancer therapy processes, surgical practices, pharmaceutical products, and residue from incineration processes. The waste generated can pollute the environment. The method used is a systematic review through journal reviews regarding the implementation of legal regulations on the implementation of waste management in hospitals. This systematic review shows that laws and ministerial regulations governing the issue of waste management in hospitals already exist and are clearly described. However, in practice, not all hospitals are aware of managing B3 waste properly. This means that the hospital has not optimally implemented environmental management in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Lack of concern or commitment from the leadership of hospitals and health care facilities, lack of understanding of health care facility staff, and legal cases in health care facilities. The implementation of laws and regulations related to the management of B3 waste in healthcare facilities, especially hospitals, has generally been carried out based on the applicable legal regulations. However, there are still a number of cases of negligence or lack of awareness on the part of the hospital, both from the low awareness of actors or health workers in providing services so as to make a negative contribution to the environment and society.

Exploring the Efficacy of a Set of Smart Devices for Postural Awareness for Workers in an Industrial Context: Protocol for a Single-Subject Experimental Design.

In manufacturing industries, tasks requiring poor posture, high repetition, and long duration commonly induce fatigue and lead to an increased risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Smart devices assessing biomechanics and providing feedback to the worker for correction may be a successful way to increase postural awareness, reducing fatigue, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, evidence in industrial settings is lacking. This study protocol aims to explore the efficacy of a set of smart devices to detect malposture and increase postural awareness, reducing fatigue, and musculoskeletal disorders. A longitudinal single-subject experimental design following the ABAB sequence will be developed in a manufacturing industry real context with 5 workers. A repetitive task of screw tightening of 5 screws in a standing position into a piece placed horizontally was selected. Workers will be assessed in 4 moments per shift (10 minutes after the beginning of the shift, 10 minutes before and after the break, and 10 minutes before the end of the shift) in 5 nonconsecutive days. The primary outcomes are fatigue, assessed by electromyography, and musculoskeletal symptoms assessed by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include perceived effort (Borg perceived exertion scale); range of motion of the main joints in the upper body, speed, acceleration, and deceleration assessed by motion analysis; risk stratification of range of motion; and cycle duration in minutes. Structured visual analysis techniques will be conducted to observe the effects of the intervention. Results for each variable of interest will be compared among the different time points of the work shift and longitudinally considering each assessment day as a time point. Enrollment for the study will start in April 2023. Results are expected to be available still in the first semester of 2023. It is expected that the use of the smart system will reduce malposture, fatigue, and consequently, work-related musculoskeletal pain and disorders. This proposed study will explore a strategy to increase postural awareness in industrial manufacturing workers who do repetitive tasks, using smart wearables that provide real-time feedback about biomechanics. Results would showcase a novel approach for improving self-awareness of risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders for these workers providing an evidence base support for the use of such devices. PRR1-10.2196/43637.

Knowledge and awareness of Algerian healthcare workers about human monkeypox and their attitude toward its vaccination: An online cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesThis study was carried out to assess the level of knowledge of Algerian healthcare workers about human monkeypox, and their attitude toward its vaccination. MethodsAn online-based cross-sectional study using social media platforms targeting Algerian healthcare workers was conducted between 28 June and 18 September 2022. Results111 healthcare workers have answered the questionnaire. Overall, a medium level of knowledge (64.9%) was obtained with multiple gaps about the epidemiology and clinical features of this disease. Factors associated with high levels of knowledge included young age, being married and practicing outside the province town. Also, only 38.7% of the respondents were in favor of human monkeypox vaccination if recommended for free with COVID-19 vaccine uptake as a determinant factor of acceptance. ConclusionResults have shown a medium level of knowledge and a low rate of vaccination willingness. The findings of this study although not representative of all Algerian healthcare workers, could be a baseline for human monkeypox knowledge and vaccination in Algeria.

ОКРЕМІ КОМПОНЕНТИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ НАУКОМЕТРИЧНОЇ БАЗИ ДАНИХ WEB OF SCIENCE ДЛЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

The paper describes the individual components of the technology of using the scientometric database Web of Science to evaluate the effectiveness of pedagogical research. In particular, the forms of work are considered both for an individual scientist – the main scientometric indicators (h-index, total number of publications, total number of citations), analysis of the dynamics of publications and citations by years (with the possibility of choosing a specific period), analysis of the geography of citation (in general and focusing on a particular country), data on editorial and review activities, position in the author's team of own publications, etc, as well as for a particular educational institution/research institution (h-index, the total number of publications, the total number of citations, number of authors of the educational institution research institution that have publications in this one, dynamics of citations by years, statistics by authors on the number of publications in the scientometric database, etc.) The purpose of the developed technology is to increase the level of digital competence of scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers using the Web of Science scientometric database. The use of such forms will contribute not only to the general awareness of scientific and scientific-pedagogical workers of educational institutions/scientific institutions about this scientometric database, but also to increase their level of digital competence as a result of using the scientometric database Web of Science. The results of the study will be useful for the management of educational/scientific institutions, as they demonstrate the possibilities of automation of both obtaining certain data and their processing and visualization. As prospects for further research, the effectiveness of the developed technology of using the Web of Science scientometric database for evaluating the effectiveness of pedagogical research is considered.

233 Uganda-based Survey of Challenges in Breast Cancer Detection in Low and Middle Income Countries

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Low and middle income countries (LMICs) face challenges in early detection of breast cancer resulting in high breast cancer mortality. This study serves to identify gaps and opportunities for innovators seeking to address problems in early detection of breast cancer in Uganda and other LMICs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Two methods were used: 1) Three weeks of ethnographic research in Uganda through primary stakeholder interviews and clinical observations. Interviews were conducted with patients, clinicians, NGOs, and key opinion leaders from the Uganda Cancer Institute, Makerere University, and JHPIEGO. Clinical observations were performed to note the workflow and availability of resources across diverse health centers ranging from village health teams in rural settings to the national referral hospital in the urban center. 2) A targeted literature search focused on breast cancer detection in LMICs. Keywords included breast cancer’, screening’, and diagnosis’. Identified challenges were validated through stakeholder interviews and categorized. Potential solutions to each challenge were explored. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Three broad categories of challenges and suggested innovation targets were identified. 1) Ineffective clinical processes: deskilling and improving training around the process of clinical breast examinations, imaging operation and interpretation, and pathology preparation and interpretation; 2) Accessibility: increasing screening throughput, improving rural community access to breast cancer care, and increasing opportunistic screening; 3) Sensitization: increasing patient and health worker awareness of clinical presentations of breast cancer, reducing cultural barriers, and improving trust in the medical community. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Innovators seeking to solve problems in early breast cancer detection in LMICs should focus on ineffective clinical processes, accessibility, and sensitization. In conjunction with prompt treatment, there is potential to reduce breast cancer mortality rates in line with the Global Breast Initiative.

Factor Analysis Of Working Environment Factors, Worker Awareness, Top Management, Worker Communication, Regulations and Procedures(K3), And Availability of Signs (K3) to The Occupational Health And Safety (K3) Implementation At PT. Primary Mirasindo


 
 
 
 This study aims to determine the analysis of work environment factors, worker awareness, work motivation, top management, worker communication, K3 rules and procedures, and the availability of K3 signs that significantly affect Occupational Health and Safety at PT. Mirasindo Perdana partially and simultaneously. The sample in this study used random sampling, so that the results obtained were 134 respondents from employees of PT. Mirasindo Perdana, the data collection technique used is through a questionnaire. This study uses factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis with the help of computer software for SPSS version 20 statistics. work (X3), top management (X4), worker communication (X5), K3 rules and procedures (X6), and the availability of K3 signs (X7) have a positive and significant simultaneous effect on Occupational Health and Safety. while those that partially represent independent variables or other factors are top management (X4), K3 rules and procedures (X6), and the availability of K3 signs (X7). It can be seen that top management (X4), K3 regulations and procedures (X6), and the availability of K3 signs (X7) have a positive and significant impact on Occupational Health and Safety at PT. Mirasindo Perdana.
 
 
 
 

Анализ осведомленности студентов-медиков и медицинских работников республики Башкортостан и Рязанской области о коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19

INTRODUCTION: The new coronavirus infection has affected almost every citizen of the country. It is known that, despite the published government statistics and information about the new infection, not all the Russian population observe the measures of non-specific prevention of coronavirus infection. One of the reasons is the massive spread of numerous rumors and speculations about COVID-19. AIM: To study the level of awareness of medical workers and medical students of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 specifying the sources of information about this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey of 312 respondents from the Ryazan region and the Republic of Bashkortostan was conducted. The study was conducted using a questionnaire based on GoogleForms distributed in social networks and consisting of three blocks of questions. Statistical data processing was carried out using the free computing software environment R (ver. 4.1.2) and the MS Excel 2019 software package in Windows 11. The target significance level p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The survey revealed insufficient awareness of students and medical professionals of the transmission routes and symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Only a small part of medical workers (as a rule, people of younger working age) and medical students receive information about COVID-19 from official and reliable sources. Only every 7th respondent gives correct answers about the transmission routes of COVID-19. In general, respondents considered wearing masks to be an effective means of prevention, especially in the group of those who had suffered the disease. When analyzing the spread of various rumors and legends about COVID-19 among medical professionals and medical students, it was found that almost half of them believe various legends about COVID-19. CONCLUSION: It was found that respondents received information mainly from unofficial sources, not trusting federal TV channels, as well as the data from the state statistics service. Often, respondents do not have complete information about the ways of transmission of infection and of its symptoms, but at the same time, most of them observe the self-isolation and the mask regimes. About half of the respondents believe various legends associated with this disease. Respondents who had had COVID-19 gave more correct answers and used more reliable sources of information.

Effect of Polypharmacy on Adverse Drug Reaction Among Geriatric Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital

BACKGROUND: Polypharmacy and Drug -related problems (DRPs) have been shown to prevail in hospitalized patients. We evaluated the prevalence of polypharmacy and investigated relationship between polypharmacy and adverse drug reaction occur with it. The present study was designed to identify the adverse drug reactions occur due to polypharmacy. METHODOLOGY: This observational study was conducted for 6 months in the various department of a tertiary care Super speciality Hospital at Malabar region of Kerala. The patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 60 geriatric inpatients were selected, of which approximately 60% were male. About 38% of population had co-morbidities (1-4) lead to more number of prescribed medications. More number of patients were admitted in general medicine department (43%) and secondly in neurological department (26%) followed by gastroenterology (15%) and general surgeon (5%). From the selected population, 30%of people occurred with adverse drug reactions. Among them 94.4% were assessed as possible cases by Naranjo’s algorithm scale CONCLUSION: Polypharmacy among geriatric patients is mainly due to the co-morbidities. This study concluded that polypharmacy among geriatric patients were high and a part of them (30%) were occurred with adverse drug reactions. Efforts should be made to improve appropriate medication and quality of life of geriatrics. Educational programmes need to be implemented and can improve the awareness of health care workers. Pharmacists also have a key role in improving appropriate use of medications. Keywords: Polypharmacy, geriatric, concomitant, drug interaction, Naranjo’s algorithm

Resistance Profile of Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Presence of the mecA Gene and Identification of ESBL Producing Strains from Small Rural Dairy Properties

Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. Due to the high economic importance of dairy production and the complexity related to animal health, the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of samples of mastitis milk, milking hand and milking equipment from small rural dairy farms belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Five small, non-technical dairy farms in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Juranda and Tapejara, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The properties had Holstein and/or crossbred herds, carried out a bucket-by-foot milking system and all had the presence of animals with subclinical mastitis confirmed by the California Mastitis Test. Samples of sterile swabs from the milking insufflators, the milking hand and milk samples were collected-and later, isolation tests and phenotypic characterization of the samples, sensitivity tests to antimicrobials and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-producing strains were performed with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and mecA gene research. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 72 (36.20%) were classified as multiresistant. Isolated from milkers' hands and milking machines, which phenotypically produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), the presence of the mecA gene was also observed in 11 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. of milk samples, machines and milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands, and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this work, different pathogenic bacteria were detected in mastitic milk, milking equipment and milking hand with a high percentage (36.20%) of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the presence phenotypically (ESBL) and molecularly (mecA gene) of isolates carrying resistance genes was also verified. These results directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can enable the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. The awareness of producers and workers on these properties about the disease, transmission, sanitary aspects and adequate management and treatment are essential for improving milk production and production efficiency.

Safe and healthy working conditions taking into account the concept of corporate social responsibility

Providing safe and healthy working conditions is the responsibility of every employer, but without additional forms of support, this may not be enough to prevent and stop accidents at work. The employer should continually implement measures to improve safety and continually look after the health and lives of his employees. One such measure may be to implement the concept of corporate social responsibility in the company's strategy, taking into account OSH regulations. It is a programme to raise the awareness and knowledge of workers about hazards and occupational risks associated with their work and how to effectively protect themselves against their effects. The aim of the article is to present the concept of corporate social responsibility in terms of safe and healthy working conditions. At the same time, the article is an attempt to answer the question - based on the results of surveys that are an individual review - what is the level of society's knowledge about CSR and to estimate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and occupational safety and health in the workplaces of students of the Pomeranian University in Słupsk.

Reducing Falls from Heights through BIM: A Dedicated System for Visualizing Safety Standards

Falls from height (FFH) are common safety hazards on construction sites causing monetary and human loss. Accordingly, ensuring safety at heights is a prerequisite for implementing a strong safety culture in the construction industry. However, despite multiple safety management systems, FFH are still rising, indicating that compliance with safety standards and rules remains low or neglected. Building information modelling (BIM) is used in this study to develop a safety clauses visualization system using Autodesk Revit’s application programming interface (API). The prototype digitally stores and views clauses of safety standards, such as the Operational Health and Safety Rules 2022 and Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction by NEBOSH 2008, in the BIM environment. This facilitates the safety manager’s ability to ensure that the precautionary measures needed to work at different heights are observed. The developed prototype underwent a focus group evaluation involving nine experts to assess its effectiveness in preventing FFH. It successfully created a comprehensive safety clause library that allows safety managers to provide relevant safety equipment to workers before work execution. It also enhances the awareness of construction workers of all safety requirements vis-à-vis heights. Moreover, it creates a database of safety standards that can be viewed and expanded in future by adding more safety standards to ensure wider applicability.